Dlo - ntoni na? Kwimbali nenkcubeko ye-East

Kwihlabathi kukho iziganeko ezimbalwa eyaziwa esidlangalaleni, eyona ntsingiselo okuhlala isigqubuthelo ezifihlakeleyo emfihlekweni ebantwini abaninzi. Omnye umzekelo, Noko ke, ayanceda iimazi. Malunga kuzo okungenani kanye ebomini bam weva nabani na kodwa indawo oyinyaniso, isixhobo, imithetho wokuphila kuyo, bambalwa uyazi. Kodwa phantse wonke umntu unomdla umbuzo othi "yabafazi:? Yintoni na"

ulwazi zembali

Igama elithi "yabafazi" ine imbali umdla. ulwimi Turkish belibolekiwe evela Arabic, beza apho evela lwesigodi of isiAkkadia. Kodwa naluphi na uhlanga limela into engcwele, ngasese kwaye zikhuselwe evela emajukujukwini kwimboniselo.

iimazi Sultan njengoko izenzakalo kubomi eMpuma, imvelaphi yazo kude 1365, xa Sultan Murad ndazakhela Ibhotwe okwahlutywa amandla amandla akhe amakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, le yabafazi zakudala kunye kuqoqosho kwibhotwe zilungelelaniswe kakuhle Wabonakala Ottoman emva kokoyiswa kweConstantinople ngu Sultan Mehmed Fatih, ngo-1453. Kunye nemfuneko kuba yavela ngenxa yokuba ndlongondlongo kusingise amandla umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग Ottoman kwakungekho ndawo ukuthatha abafazi. Yiloo nto ke ibali yokwenene yabafazi iqala kweli xesha. Waza ke wongezelela amashweshwe ezivela kulo lonke ihlabathi, yaye indoda lwaseburhulumenteni umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग yaba ncinane kakhulu.

ngekhulu XV nesinomhla ukuba ukukhankanywa yokuqala ebhaliweyo yabafazi. Ngoko sinokuthi ngenxa abathile ngelo xesha zaye zabanjwa apho ikhoboka kuphela. Amaqabane umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग yaba intombi kubalawuli zamaKristu lwamazwe angabamelwane. Kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XV, ngo-1481, Sultan Bayezid II lingenise esikweni ukuba ukhethe phakathi kwabemi dlo yabafazi.

Dlo: ezinobunyaniso fantastic facts

Ngoku zama ukuqonda umba "yendlu yabafazi - ntoni na?" Ingaba indawo esisigxina yokonakala okungalawulekilyo okanye luba "entolongweni yokhuseleko eliphezulu"?

Dlo ebizwa nje ivaliwe kwabanye abantu abangengomalungu yomzalwane wendlu, apho kwaye kukho intokazi, wayesisalamane Sultan: noodade, noonina. Kwezinye ixesha elithile yokuhlala wamfumana kuye abazalwana ngumlawuli, waza waphila apha namathenwa kunye nabanye abakhonzi. Sisondele zezindlu echaza iimpazamo ezininzi ezinxulumene iimazi Muslim. Abanye bona ukuba zizityebi enqabeni yomkhosi, apho kukho ezininzi amantombazana aselula ezintle eyingozi languid alale ecaleni lechibi ubomi nje ingcamango ukutsala ingqalelo Sultan abe ngakholekileyo iingcinga zakhe. Kweminye dlo kubonakala kwindawo eyoyikekayo kufuma ngumona, okungekho sikweni, perforce, ukubulala, ngokwesigqibo esicalanye. Ngoko ayimangalisi into entle ezahlukeneyo kunjalo, emva kokuba bonke khangela iliso ubuncinane enye yabafazi osempuma, ukuba nje wena ukuyityhila le mfihlakalo kuphela khetha embalwa ziphumelele.

Le izinto yabafazi

Eneneni, ubomi ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo yabafazi kwakunzima. Kwakukho okubulala kunye norhwaphilizo, kodwa iba xa kuthelekiswa iindywala, ukuba amalungiselelo baseYurophu-basebukhosini kwinkulungwane XVIII.

Ewe, kwakukho Sultan Murat III, ngubani ekufumaneni ukuba ubomi bomntwana 112-th. Ungazama ukucinga ukuba uyandithanda yabafazi bakhe kunye nesenzo uthando.

Kwakukho izandulela ukuba ukubulawa kwabantu. Ngokomzekelo, Ibrahim I antywiliselwe Gulf of phantse 300 ngamabanjwa kwabafazi bakhe. Kodwa iyeza singqiniwe ukuba ngengqondo umntu uyagula. Kodwa olu hlobo ukuphazamiseka, kubonakala ukuba nje kuphela umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग Turkish, kodwa ezinye ubuntu ezaziwayo-kakuhle Russian. Umzekelo, uLieutenant General Izmailov batyakatywa ukuba ngamakhoboka namashweshwe ukufa amahlanu.

Enyanisweni, nkqu Sultan ayikwazanga kube lula ukuya yabafazi. Okokuqala kwafuneka ukuba azise injongo yalo, namashweshwe zilungiswe ngoko, umgca njengebutho phezu ekundleni. Kuphela koko wamema Sultan, kodwa yonke ngotyelelo lwakhe lwalupayintiwe ngokoqobo inyathelo ngenyathelo.

Nangendlela Amasiko wenkundla sultan ziye zatshintsha kakhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abalawuli kwakucinezela, kodwa abazange yayintsha iimvakalelo zabantu. Ukuba ngemihla ekuqaleni Ottoman, umbusi omtsha wenyuka itrone nabazalwana bakhe ababuleweyo, ngoko kamva isigwebo saba entolongweni kwi "ubuhlanti yegolide", ebe yinto elidlulileyo kwinkulungwane XIX. Xa ishweshwe ngenkulungwane efanayo yabafazi Yaqala ukufika nokuba ngokwazo okanye Bathotyelwa ngabameli ezizwe abaseAfrika.

Dlo kunye nezikhundla yayo yangaphakathi

Enyanisweni, ngaphakathi yabafazi kwabakho inkqubo engqongqo, ebe zichatshazelwe nabemi bayo bonke. Kuye ingqalelo izinto eziphambili Walid - unina Sultan. Kwakufuneka ukuphulaphula yonke wamashweshwe - odalik (odalisque), apho sultan mali ukhethe abafazi. Umfazi kwi yabafazi kwi elinegunya ebenganeno emva Walid ukuba uNdikhoyo wayengekho oodade zomthonyama.

Dzhariye - eli nqanaba lisezantsi weqela legunya - ishweshwe okunokwenzeka Sultan, abakwazi ukuba kudlule ngokwaneleyo iimviwo Walid. Ukuba le ntombazana wakwazi ukuchitha ubusuku obunye ubuncinane kunye Sultan, waba gozde (gyuzde), gama elo elithetha "abaziintanda." Ukuba yajika yaba oluthandayo ngoko anikwe ubume Iqbal (Iqbal), apho kukho kwi yabafazi, kwakungekho "umgangatho" ngaphezulu kwe 15. Its intombazana kungaphuculwa ukuba kwakunokwenzeka ukuba wamitha, waza ke waba Kadin. Ngulowo waba nethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo ukuba abe ngumfazi osemthethweni, wafumana itayitile Kadyny Effendi. Aba bafazi baba nelungelo ngohlobo yemivuzo, izindlu zabo kunye namakhoboka.

Intlalo abafazi yabafazi

Abasetyhini dlo yaba eninzi. Nangona Islam uvumelekile ukuba ungabi ngaphezu kwe ezine abafazi esemthethweni, namaqadi, inani ayiphelelanga. Ngenkulungwane XV, ukufumana xa namasiko engqongqo kakhulu, yaye amantombazana apha ayisoloko iminikelo yabo, ukuba utshintshe igama. Ukongeza, kufuneka ukuba ukuguqula ku Islam (ukulungiselela le njongo kwanele ukuba abafuni ukuyichukumisa nangomnwe lo ezulwini, wathi: "Akukho nkulunkulu ngaphandle Allah, kunye Mohammed - umprofeti wakhe") kwaye ulahle onke amaqhina entsapho.

Mbiko, ngenxa yokuba amabhinqa yabafazi imini yonke languidly ulinde Sultan imbeko kwabo ingqalelo yakhe, eziphosakeleyo. Enyanisweni, ukuba babexakekile phantse yonke imini. Amaqadi ulwimi Turkish ezifundiswa yabafazi wenkolo yakhe, ukufunda Koran, womluki, inkundla yokuziphatha, umculo, ubugcisa luthando. Babenethuba nelokuphumla ukuzonwabisa nokudlala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo imidlalo, maxa wambi nengxolo neselula. Dlo ixesha onokufaniswa ukuvalwa ekhethwayo izikolo ukuba amantombazana, wabonakala eYurophu kuphela kwinkulungwane XX.

Amashweshwe kwi dlo Sultan ayenziwanga nje ukufunda. Bona ke ngoko ukuthatha uviwo, yamzekayo ngokwayo Valide Sultan. Ukuba amantombazana abahlangabezana ngokwaneleyo, bakwazi ukubala kwi uMnu ingqalelo. Ishweshwe kwi dlo wayengekho elibanjwa ngengqiqo ngokupheleleyo eli gama. Kuba amantombazana badla ukuza kusityelela, kwaye emiboniso ekuthiwa amagcisa apha. Siye amalungiselelo nemibhiyozo eyahlukeneyo, kwaye nkqu namaqadi basiwa kwi Bosporus - ukukhwela izikhephe, ukufumana umoya omtsha, a uhambe. Ngokufutshane, ubomi yabafazi obukhulu.

Abanye abafazi bakhetha yabafazi: Indlela yokukhetha

Abasetyhini isigodlo, Kakade ke, baba ezahlukeneyo data ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni. Amaninzi amakhoboka apha kunye kwimarike ngamakhoboka eneminyaka engama-5-7, yaye bazisa apha phezulu lokuvuthwa ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abafazi Turkish akakaze abe phakathi namashweshwe Sultan.

Amantombazana bekufanele kube smart, ngobuqhokolo, enomtsalane, kunye nokuma entle, inkanuko. Kukholelwa ukuba indima ebalulekileyo abakhetha ubuhle Sultan yayidlala nje ubuhle bakhe bangaphandle kuphela kodwa kwakhona isakhiwo kunye nobuhle ilungu wakhe, akaguquka. Hi ndlela leyi, kwezinye iimazi mihla le kukhethwa esasebenza. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba ishweshwe elizayo yabafazi wayengekho ikuku enkulu kakhulu. Kwaye phambi kokuba mfazi wayevunyelwa ukuba Sultan ka-Lodge, yapasisa uthotho lweemvavanyo kunye nokugcinwa kwamaqanda zamatye kunye namanzi elimfusa, nekufuneka ukuba iye yachitheka ngexesha isisu ukudanisa, waya lobufazi. Oku kucacisa into yokuba ayizizo zonke ngumfazi okanye inkosikazi Sultan nenkangeleko entle. Abanye ubuhle watsala amanye amalungu omzimba.

A bit ezahlukeneyo encinane amalungiselelo yabafazi Arabhu kunye nobomi bakhe. E dlo ubuncinane Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar, azuze amandla e-Iran ngo-1848, wazidiliza zonke yamakhazikhazi iingcinga yabasetyhini ezikhoyo. Kakade ke, njengoko bathi, incasa kunye nombala ... Kodwa yabafazi i Shah Kucacile ukuba andilociko. Xa sikhangela iifoto (yaye ke irhuluneli yabo bashiya kakhulu ekubeni wayenomdla ekwenzeni oku), lo mfazi wabathanda emzimbeni. Le mithombo wakhankanya ukuba namashweshwe wondla gingci ngabom yaye akazange avumele ukuba ukuhamba ngenkuthalo.

Iintshiyi onke amantombazana ezinyibilikiswe. Kodwa ukuba uphakamisa imbali yefashoni kwenkulungwane XIX, sikhumbula ukuba ngelo xesha ukuba kusefashonini, kodwa "ikhamisile" Abafazi Bendikade "ezihamba". A Shah nezinto ezinjengezo.

Namagosa kunye nendima yabo yabafazi

Amashweshwe ukuba Sultan yayifudula esweni ngokusondeleyo. Lo msebenzi wenziwa yi ngamakhoboka ezindala namathenwa ihlolwe. Ngoobani ngababusi? Oku amakhoboka bazisa ikakhulu Central Afrika, Egypt, Abyssinia, leyo kamva etheniweyo. Kuqala kulo mba wabanika Negro, njengoko ngenxa ubunjalo bomzimba kakuhle ugqunywe imisebenzi wahlala kwiminyaka ivuthiwe ubudala, ngoxa Circassians, ukuba impilo-ethe kakhulu, etheniweyo ngokomkhethe yaye ngokufuthi wayenga iiwadi.

Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba maxa wambi amadoda umfana wacela abaviwa babo ukuba abaququzeleli yabafazi. Yintoni na? Iphupha lokuba umkhonzi etheniweyo? Akunjalo, kuba nje weasely, unokuxelisa wengcibi yaba lithuba elihle lokuba ukufumana iwonga kunye namandla ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu ukuba wathengisa okanye wakhonza umkhosi Sultan. Kwaye ke ukunyuka kakhulu. Umthetheli-mathenwa ezintsundu amahashe inani mda kumakhoboka 300.

Hjurrem Sultan (Roxelana) - "Iron Lady" yendlu yabafazi

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imbali yendlu yabafazi njenge abanawo kade kunye umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग wayenabafazi abaninzi, amagama nje ambalwa kubo ukuza kuthi. Dlo Sultan Suleiman yaziwa ubukhulu becala ngenxa ye Ukrainian ngokuzalwa, ukuba ngokutsho kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo ogama Anastasia Toli, Toli Alexandra Lisovskaya. AmaSilamsi, Noko ke, igama Mfazi Hjurrem.

Waye ukubiwa yi-iCrimea AmaTatar ngexesha elinye kuphangwa, ngosuku olwandulela yokuzeka kwakhe. Ukugweba oko kwazekayo ngayo, singatsho ukuba umfazi lowo wengcibi yokuluka, ngamandla, ngengqondo esingaqhelekanga. Uye wazama nje kuphela ubomi oonyana sultan ukususela nomfazi wakhe wokuqala, eliphilayo-in-mthetho, kodwa ke ubomi, unyana wakhe oselula. Kodwa ngokungaqhelekanga ngokwenene, ukuba kwiminyaka eli-15 wakwazi ukuba uzikhusele dlo Sultan Suleyman waba ngumlawuli ababhinqileyo kuphela.

Topkapi - zinzi obungunaphakade yendlu yabafazi

Topkapi ebhotwe yasekwa Sultan Mahmed njengoko yokuhlala ezisemthethweni abalawuli Ottoman. Kwaye wonke umntu uyayazi dlo Sultan Suleiman nabo babehlala apha. Ke supply Hjurrem (okanye Roxelana) kuthwalelwa phandle umntu kuncendile ukulungisa engundoqo lomculo kwibhotwe kwimbali yayo ikhona. Maxa wambi ezahlukeneyo yabafazi akwazi asukela abafazi 700 ukuya 1,200.

Kuba umntu lowo Topkapi yokuqala, yabafazi kunye nebhotwe ngokwalo liya lingakhangeleka maze ezininzi amagumbi, iikhorido, iintendelezo saa kuyo.

Zonke iindonga kwi yabafazi ngelo xesha zazizaliswe iithayile mosaic gourmet izninskoy, nto leyo zikwimeko phantse egqibeleleyo zigcinwe unanamhla. Kwaye namhlanje lisaqhubeka mangaza iindwendwe zazo ubuhle, kokuqaqamba, ngqo, iinkcukacha umzobo. Ukwenza udonga ngoko akunakwenzeka ukwenza amagumbi amabini twatse, ngoko yonke boudoir kwi yabafazi yayikhethekile.

Topkapi beshumayela intsimi enkulu. Kwibhotwe kukho amagumbi 300, izindlu zangasese 46, ezibhateni 8, zamaSilamsi 2, emagumbini 6 izinto, amachibi okudada, impahla, izibhedlele, amakhitshi. Ngaba konke oku ethathe, okanye inxalenye yalo ndawo ziye zahlelwa njengenxalenye ebhotweni Sultan kaThixo, akwaziwa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela kumgangatho wokuqala sivulelekile ukuba ukhenketho yohlolo. Yonke enye nangoku emehlweni prying abakhenkethi efihliweyo ngenyameko.

Zonke iifestile yabafazi bathintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ngokucacileyo zokuhlala eziliqela apho iifestile kwaye ayikho kwaphela. Kungenzeka, oku igumbi wakumathenwa, okanye amakhoboka.

Kodwa akukho enoba intle yaye umdla kwakungekho yabafazi, makube njengoko postoyalitsey asifuni ethile intombazana. Ubomi yabafazi usoloko ilawulwe lwangaphakathi engqongqo imigaqo, imithetho nemimiselo, apho nangoku thina asazi.

iimazi mihla

Njengoko ngamazwi njengoko kusenokuba ixilongo, kodwa Turkey mihla (ubuncinane central inxalenye yayo) iimazi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho. Kodwa Turks ngokwabo, bencumile, oqhube siwa kuphela ezisemthethweni, kakuhle, emaphandleni, ingakumbi emzantsi-mpuma, le ndlela yokuphila kubalulekile.

esithenjini - yinto eyenzekayo-40% abasetyhini abahlala eYordan, Pakistan, Yemen, eSiriya, Madagascar, Iran, Iraq kunye amazwe elizwekazi Afrika. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba akanaso yabafazi, uhlala ilungelo nezityebi, kuba kuphela bakwazi ukuba singaqulatha ukulingana zemali nabafazi babo ezisemthethweni, apho ezine kuphela na. iqabane ngalinye kufuneka ibe kwikhaya lakho (okanye noko lokulala zabucala kunye nomnyango wayo), imihombiso, iilokhwe, intombazana leyo.

Uninzi lwabafazi yabafazi esetyenziswayo kwimeko enjalo ngokwabo, kodwa abanye, njengokuba ngaphambili, zibanjwa ngenkani. Kodwa kukho amaxesha ukuba amabhinqa izivumelwano, phezu kokuphela leyo bakwazi ukubuyela eziqhelekileyo phambi obu bomi, natyetyiswa kakhulu. Ngenxa nangenxa yokunyanisa ezi umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग amarhe mihla.

Njengoko ngaphambili, abafazi yendlu yabafazi zithathwa hayi ngabanini ngokwazo, yaye "Abantu abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa" - ekuthiwa-mashate browser ihlabathi kufuna kwenye ubuhle. Kodwa ubuso entle - akufani "itikiti yokungena 'kuphela yabafazi. Yena kufuneka kakhulu bawuthande ebhedini, ukuba abe nako ku yenga umnini wayo kufuneka baqonde ukuba ukusombulula iingxabano kunye neengxabano. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe yonke imiqathango kufuneka uhlolo ekhethekileyo (okanye, ukuba ukhetha, test), kuphela emva koko umfazi ubonisa ngqo kumnini yendlu yabafazi.

Emva konke oku kungentla usekho umbono ingacaci yendlu yabafazi. Abanye kuya kuqhubeka ukuba bangaliboni nje oyidingayo kudala kunye nomqathango wenkululeko kunye ikukunyasha amalungelo abasetyhini, abanye - njengethuba lokuba ukutyebisa yaye wena umzuzwana inkxaso, abanye - njengethuba ukufumana yinganga lakhe lokwenyani ihashe elimhlophe. konke oku Kodwa ethathe. Yintoni na ukuba isigqibo nje wena.