Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev: engobomi, iifoto kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Daniil Leonidovich Andreev - imbongi Russian, umbhali, sobulumko kunye eyimfihlakalo. Unyana umbhali odumileyo Z Andreyev. Athandwa kwakubangelwa ubukhulu becala imibhalo eyimfihlakalo "Rose of the World". Namhlanje siza sijonga ngobomi lalo mntu umdla.

ebuntwaneni

Andreev Daniil Leonidovich wayengunyana wesibini ka-Z Nikolaevich (wababhali) kunye Aleksandry Mihaylovny Andreevyh. Kunika umdla ukuqaphela, ukuba ndide ndihanjelwe ngunina umbhali elizayo yaba nkulu-kadadewethu Tarasa Grigorevicha Shevchenko. Daniel A. wazalwa ngo Novemba 2, 1906 eBerlin. kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa kwakhe Alexander M. ababulawa ngumkhuhlane puerperal. Bawo, ukufa bothuka umfazi wakhe, asolwa lonke usana, nto leyo ugogo (unina Alexandra Mikhailovna) Yefrosinya Varfolomeevna wagqiba ukuba uDaniyeli eMoscow. Apho, iwela kwintsapho umakazi wakhe, Elizabeth Mikhailovna Dobrova, umyeni wakhe ugqirha odumileyo.

Esengumntwana, Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev abaninzi abagulayo. Izihlandlo ezininzi nje zaba noboya ekufeni. Kwiminyaka emithandathu, inkwenkwe waphathwa isifo somqala omhlophe, yaye kokuba yosulele kagogo wakho oyithandayo. Yefrosinya Varfolomeevna akabanga saba nako ukulwa esi sifo baza bafa. Kungekudala ilizwe kufuphi St Petersburg inkwenkwe iza kurhaxwa, ukubona unina noninakhulu. Ngethamsanqa, ngomzuzu wokugqibela wamiswa kwi ibhulorho phezu komlambo yasekuhlaleni.

Ngokusekelwe yokuba umntwana usoloko uyagula, wada wazama ukuzibulala, kubonakala ukuba kuye endlwini umakazi akukho namnye wenza. Enyanisweni, yonke into eyahlukileyo. umakazi nomyeni wakhe yamkela uDaniyeli ifana nonyana, ngeenxa zonke kuye ngenkathalo kunye ingqalelo. Ngaloo mihla, ndlu Dobrov wayengomnye yenkcubeko (umculo kunye noncwadi) namaziko e Moscow. Apha kuza I. A. Bunin, A. N. Skryabin, V. I. Shalyapin kunye nabanye abaninzi. Igunya lentsapho ubonisa ubuncinane isibakala sokuba uDaniyeli waye owayemele ka Mxim Gorky. Umoya ekhaya bekhuthazwa inkwenkwe yaye wakhuthaza uthando lwakhe ngayo uncwadi.

Ngowe-1915, iminyaka esithoba uDaniyeli wabhala umbongo wakhe wokuqala "I-Garden". Kulo nyaka weza ukukhanyisa amabali yakhe yokuqala, okokuqala "Izinambuzane Journey" emva koko "izilwanyana konogumbe Life." Ukongeza, umntwana aspiring umphengululi wabhala zobuciko obukhulu, isenzo sakhe iqalisa ephupheni kubo isithuba ngokobuqu omncane. Ngomhla iindonga inkwenkwe egumbini lakhe wazoba eni abalawuli basungule ubukhosi bawo. imilinganiso zabo kalukhuni bahambelana imilinganiselo umntwana.

Education and khanyisa

Xa ekwindla ka-1917 ngumbhali ngifuna wangena Izabelo E. A. Repman, apho wayefunda de 1923. Kunyaka olandelayo wangena Institute yoncwadi ogama emva Brusov. Ehlabathini xesha Andreev waqalisa umsebenzi kwiphetshana "Aboni". Ngo-1926 waye wajoyina i-Union of Iimbongi, olwaqhubeka kwaze 1929.

Ngo-Agasti 1921, i-Daniyeli oneminyaka eli-15 ubudala, ehamba izikwere ezingqonge uKristu uMsindisi Cathedral, incwadi yesicelo wabona ezulwini ngoku. Wabhala ngale kwiSahluko 1, le ncwadi 2 anomxholo othi "Rose of the World". Isiganeko esilandelayo sale umyalelo kwenzeka 1928 ngexesha lePasika. Ukuba kwiCawa kuMoses e Levshinov, umbhali, imbongi, kwaye ngoku ngokukaTau wabona imbali yehlabathi njengomlambo eyodwa eyimfihlakalo.

umshado

Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ka-1926 umbhali oselula Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev watshata Gublor Alexander, naye waqeqesha kwi iikhosi Higher State on uncwadi. I yomtshato kwenzeka kwingcinga Ravine, xa ibandla yoVuko. KweyoMdumba kulo nyaka ozayo esi sibini umtshato ngokusesikweni, kwaye Andreev wayeka ukuya izifundo zoncwadi.

Ngowe-1928, umbhali epapashwe umbongo "Red Moscow", liye laqhubeka ukusebenza kwi inoveli "aboni" waza waqalisa ukubhala "mangcwaba" mjikelo. Olu hlobo ayichitha Tarusa.

iminyaka eyandulela

Kule 40 zenkulungwane lokugqibela Andreev wayesebenza artist uhlobo nomyili wabhala izibhengezo kunye neminye imibhalo. Kodwa ke ixesha elininzi wamnika uncwadi. Ngowe-1930, umbhali waqala ukudala umbongo "Solstice". Ngehlobo lowe-1931 Andreev wadibana M. A. Voloshinym. Kungekudala, ezizezi, ngoJulayi 29, ngasechwebeni Nerusso Daniil Leonidovich kwenzeka oko kamva echazwe kule nhlanganiso lokuqonda cosmic.

Xa ixesha Februwari ukuya kuMatshi 1932 lokubandakanyeka umbhali ukuhlela uncwadi, zaza zahlala phantsi njengentloko lephephandaba sotsbytsektoru kwesinye mveliso eMoscow. Ngehlobo lowe-1932 wazalwa ingqokelela yemibongo "Imbongi Diary." Kuyamangalisa ukuba kanye ngonyaka, nombhali wolu ingqokelela zitshatyalaliswe. Ngowe-1933 Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev waqalisa ukubhala isincoko "Le iikhonto imfundiso sethutyana" ukuba wahlala gqitywanga kwaye nomjikelo "esihlanjeni". Xa ekwindla ka-1934 imbongi watyelela Koktebel, waza wabhala umbongo, "Voloshin kaThixo Ingcwaba."

Ngowe-1935, umbhali weza kwikomiti wesixeko eMoscow of abazobi. Ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba wonyaka omnye wazalwa i "Solo" umbongo osihloko sithi "Ingoma Mansalvate", nto leyo eya kuba gqitywanga ngokupheleleyo iminyaka emithathu. Ngowe-1937, i-E. P. Peshkova Kucetyiswa Andreev Ndibhenela Stalin kunye nesicelo ukuba bancedise kokubuya ekuthinjweni umzalwana wakhe, V. L. Andreeva. Xa ekwindla konyaka omnye umbhali waqalisa ukubhala inoveli malunga zizifundiswa ukukhangelwa yokomoya ngaloo mihla, "Oonyana bolunye Night", apho wakhawulwa njenge "Saga umoya 'ngokomxholo ngexesha. Ngu luyinto close wasondela kuphela ngo-1947.

umshado wesibili

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1937 Andreev idibene ingxubevange Ivashevoy-Musatov, ngubani kweminyaka 8 kamva wayeza kuba ngumfazi wakhe wesibini. Kamva, Alla uya kugwetywa kunye nomyeni wakhe, saza sakhupha konyaka ngaphambi kunokuba wenzayo. Umfazi wakhe besibini ngumbhali inkxaso kule minyaka imfazwe, iminyaka entolongweni kunye neminyaka nzima emva. Kuye igcinwe ilifa kunye negalelo ukupapashwa imisebenzi yakhe omkhulu kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini emva kwexesha. Kamva, wasebenza kangangeminyaka eli-15 waye umfazi evgeniya Belousova, unyana ka edume umbhali I. A. Belousova.

impi

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1941 wafa F. A. Dobrov, Daniil Leonidovich kukholelwa nakusingayise. Kwiminyaka yokuqala leMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi Andreev wasebenza phezu mbongo "Amber" yaye "baseJamani" (kwaye ke sele igqityiwe), kwaye bagqiba umjikelo lwemibongo "mangcwaba." NgoJulayi 1942, wafa E. M. Dobrova, lowo ufana umama Andreev.

Ekwindla 1942 umbhali wayilwa sokungena emkhosini. NgoJanuwari 1943, oko uvelile th 196 zamabutho Division wangena Stalingrad ongqingiweyo. Ngelo ngaphambili, Andreev yaba umyili graphic, nabezempilo yaye kwiqela yomngcwabo. Ukuze inkonzo elungileyo umbhali wawongwa ngembasa "ukuziphendulela Leningrad". Juni 25, 1945 th Andreeva waqonda abakhubazekileyo iqela WWII we2.

Emva kwemfazwe, imbongi wabuyela eMoscow ndaza wengcibi yokuluka ngemizobo Museum of Communications. NgoNovemba 4, 1945, yena ngokusesikweni watshata A. A. Ivashevoy-Musatov.

ejele

Ebutsheni bowe-1947, umbhali waqukumbela inoveli "Night bezizibhadubhadu" waza waqalisa ukuqwalasela inxalenye yesibini trilogy ecetywayo, eya kubizwa ngokuba "yesicelo waseZulwini" kwaye eziqulethwe amava phambi-umgca yombhali.

April 21, 1947 ngenxa yokulahlwa, kwaye inoveli "Night abathululi" Andreeva kugwetywa Inqaku 58. Umtyholwa ze neenjongo abagrogrisi anti-Soviet Daniil Leonidovich wafumana iminyaka engama-25 entolongweni, ngelo xesha isohlwayo kwilixa USSR. Ukongeza umbhali ubunzima ukusuka ukubanjwa kunye nezalamane zakhe. 19 izalamane nabahlobo Andreeva bagwetyelwa entolongweni ixesha ukususela kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuya kuma-25 kwiinkampu nzima. Zonke Daniel Leonidovich Andreev, kubhaliwe phambi kokugqitywa MGB yatshabalala.

NgoNovemba 1948, Daniyeli Akhmetov Babesuswa kwintolongo Lefortovo e Vladimir (efanayo "Vladimir Central"). Nangona isiphelo, Andreev waqhubeka ukungena ekubhalweni lwemisebenzi yoncwadi. Ngowe-1950, wayigqiba umbongo "Nemerecha", oko waqala ngo 37. umbongo "City Day Symphony" yayibhalwe ngoDisemba, 1950. Ekupheleni kwale nyanga, kunye umahluko ngosuku olunye, Andreev waqalisa umsebenzi "Iron mfihlelo" yaye "Rose wehlabathi."

Ngowe-1951, umbhali babesebenza "oratorio Morning" yaye "Ukufa Ivan labangcangcazelisi." Kunyaka olandelayo, waqala umsebenzi kwinguqulelo yokuqala ethi "oothixo Russian" kwaye wabhala umbongo ebizwa ngokuba "Ruh". Ngowe-1953, i-inoveli sele ebalelwa ethi "The Plutarch entsha," abewabhalile kunye Andreev kunye cellmates bakhe, Parin komzimba kunye mbali L. zomhlaza. Ekwindla ka-1953, phambi kokugqithela kwenye iseli, umbhali Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev abanamava amava limangalisa, leyo, njengoko wayeza kuthi kamva, waba nanto okumangalisayo.

NgoNovemba 1954 Andreev wabhala egameni G. M. Malenkova - USihlalo USSR iBhunga labaPhathiswa, ingxelo leyo kwakhona bazitshitshisela ukwamkelwa ngokungagungqiyo nkqubo yiSoviet, ngenxa "yokungabikho inkululeko yokwenene wedemokhrasi." Ekupheleni kwaloo nyaka, Andreev wahlaselwa yintliziyo. Ngowe-1955 yena wayesebenza kuloo mbongo "indimoni ukuziphindezela" yaye "Navna". February 8, 1956 umzala nguDmitry Leonidovich - A. F. Kovalenskaya - wafa esibhedlele eminqubeni. NgoMeyi kulo nyaka mnye umbhali akugqiba imveliso "Imfihlelo Qeqesha." Ke ngomhla we-10 Agasti 1956, umfazi wakhe wakhululwa eminqubeni. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokukhululwa kwakhe IKhomishini le Elawulayo ePhakamileyo yiSoviet USSR wakhupha umyalelo njengako apho weSiqendu 58 liye lehla ukuya kwiminyaka-10 isigwebo entolongweni.

Agasti 24, 1956, okokuqala lokubanjwa kwakhe, imbongi Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev wabona umfazi wakhe entolongweni Vladimir. NgoAprili 23 kunyaka olandelayo wakhululwa eluvalelweni. June 21, 1957 izityholo yokuqala Andreev baba owakubhangisayo okunene ngokupheleleyo, yaye ngoJulayi 11, yena kwimeko yesiqhelo.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Ngehlobo lowe-1957 usikhathalele yinyumoniya Daniel Andreev okokuqala emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 osithelisayo, wadibana nomntakwabo omdala Vadim. Ukususela ngoNovemba 57th Andreev nomkakhe babehlala eMoscow. Ehlabathini ngexesha elifanayo wawubuyisela isimo sakhe njengomntu kwe iqela lesibini, ezibandakanya ipension kwi mali ka-347 engange. November 30, 1957 wafa umzala yombhali, A. F. Dobrov. Ekupheleni kwale 57th, kunye Z. Rahim Andreev wasebenza kwinguqulelo amabali Japanese Fumiko Hayashi zibandakanyiwe kupapasho "amabali ezintandathu."

February 12, th 1958 Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev wathumela iKomiti Central incwadi ecela ukuba aqhelane imibongo yakhe. Ngokutsho umbhali, ukuba baphile, ofihla umsebenzi wakhe ebantwini, oko nje obungathethekiyo kuye. Februwari 26 ebizelwa kwiKomiti Central. Incoko kunye nabasemagunyeni wabanika ithemba kwixesha elizayo umsebenzi wayo kupapashwa umbhali. Ukongeza, ngexesha elifutshane wada wamkela uncedo lwemali kwi Writers 'Union.

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1958 Andreev walaliswa esibhedlele kunye exacerbation of angina kunye yegazi. NgoJuni 4, waba watshata nomfazi wakhe ingxubevange Andreevoy etempileni Rizopolozhensky. Emva komtshato, isibini bahamba uhambo kwi emkhombeni ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Ufa kunye umva. Ekuqaleni kukaJulayi waloo nyaka weza esiphelweni ebhala incwadi seshumi elinanye othi "Rose of the World". Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-ekwindla imbali olupheleleyo luhlonyelwe. Ngelo xesha linye umbhali sele ugqityiwe umsebenzi ingqokelela yemibongo, "The Legend of Yarosvete" kunye umbongo "Side ewrong Yehlabathi".

Ebudeni ubusuku ka-18 ukuya ku-Oktobha 19, 1958 Andreev wabhala umbongo leyo kuthiwa "Kudala-dala kwincopho ekuqaleni ebomini ...." Kulo imbongi wathandazela ukuba usindiso ngqangi yakhe. Kwinyanga elandelayo, umjikelo lwemibongo of Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev yaqulunqwa, ebizwa "Russia oyiNgcwele oomoya." Novemba 14, emva kokubuya evela Hot Key, umbhali kwakhona ungeniswe esibhedlele.

Ekupheleni kuka January 1959 A. A. Andreevoy wanika umyalelo ogunyazisa ukuba igumbi endlini zoluntu kwi Leninsky Prospekt. Apha Andreev, bathuthunjiswe isifo sentliziyo rhoqo, wachitha iiveki zokugqibela ezintandathu yobomi bakhe.

Matshi 30, 1959 Daniel Leonidovich wafa. Aprili 3, umbhali Archpriest UNikolai Golubtsov ukufunda inkonzo yokungcwaba i ebandleni phezu Ukushiyeka nengubo yokwaleka ye-Don. Andreev wangcwatyelwa Novodevichy Amangcwaba kufuphi engcwabeni ngunina.

lemveli

Xa ubomi wembongi, umbhali, ngokukaTau sobulumko Daniel Leonidovich Andreev, ogama iifoto ezibonisa profundity akhe amakhulu, akukho namnye imisebenzi bezobugcisa umbhali ingxaki alipapashwanga. Le ngaphandle mhlawumbi ukuba incwadi ethi "abahloli intaba Ummangaliso Central Asia" epapashwe ngentsebenziswano ne S. N. Matveevym.

Yena wafa eneminyaka eli-52 ubudala, Daniil Leonidovich kwafuneka ezininzi bathethe baze benze. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuba ufuna ntoni, kodwa akazange - ukwakha njengesikolo sabantwana unesiphiwo na ngokweenqobo ezisesikweni kudibana abafundi babo. iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu emva kokufa kwakhe, umfazi wakhe waqhubeka ngasese-ngqangi, esoyikela ukuba ngaxa lithile kokuba kwakhona zitshatyalaliswe. Umsebenzi ephambili Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev - "Rose Yehlabathi" yapapashwa ngo-1991, phantse phambi kokuwa wolawulo eSoviet. Ngoko ke apha ngendlela emangalisayo ngophuhliso Biography Daniil Andreev. Kubomi zombhali Maninzi amahla ndinyuka, kunye neemvakalelo enamandla ekruqukile, imibono ezimangalisayo kunye ukuthotywa ezincinane. Kodwa ke phezu kwalo, yena usoloko wahlala ngokoluvo lwam.

memory

Ngowe-2003, olugunyaziswe umfazi kaDaniyeli Akhmetov Alla Alexandrovna Alexey Kurbatov wawumanya umculo umbongo Andreeva "iLeningrad Apocalypse". Xa kokuwa winile 2014 kunye kwilali imi kummandla Bryansk, lo imyuziyam Andreeva Daniila Leonidovicha yavulwa, ogama engobomi siye sahlolisisa.