Pablo Neruda: A ngobomi emfutshane, imibongo kunye nobuchule. GBOU lyceum № 1568 ogama Pablo Neruda

Kulya Ehrenburg ebizwa imbongi yendoda yonwabileyo ehlabathini. Nala mazwi elikhulu, Noko ke, unako nokuba uyavuma. Emva Neruda ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi lajongwa iyimpahla kwelizwekazi Latin American. Kwi-USSR, kwaba futhi nithandane. Top Abaguquleli basebenza ngeetekisi zakhe. Ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngayo? Emva koko yifunde le nqaku.

Ubomi Pablo Neruda inee- iziganeko ngaphandle. Wazalwa uNeftalí Ricardo Reyes Basualto - eli ligama yokwenene imbongi - kwisixeko Parral, kumbindi ye Chile. Esi siganeko senzeke July 12, 1904.

Imvelaphi imbongi

Uyise umqhubi kaloliwe - sakhatshwa nguloliwe ethwele luhlalu. Umama wakhe wafa inyanga sephepha emva kokuba unyana. UYise watshata yaye intsapho safudukela kwisixeko Temuco, nto leyo kancinane ukuya ezantsi. Kukho umfana ekhula. Pablo Neruda ukugcina iinkumbulo nombulelo ngayo umama. Wabhala ukuba kukho uhlobo nomfazi nokuthantamisa ophethe uburharha umlimi. Wayeneminyaka njalo fussed wamonga wonke.

Imfundo e Lycée

Kwiminyaka 6, umntwana wasiwa kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Ngokuthe ngcembe, uPablo Neruda wayenomdla ukufunda, ndaqalisa ukuba abhale ngokwakhe. imibongo Okokuqala zipapashwa kumaphepha-ndaba, ngoxa abafundi Lyceum. Kwaba ngoko ukuba nickname wazalwa - ukuzama ukufihla izifundo zesihobe kuyise, ngubani wabona kubo unobangela engapheliyo neuspevaniya unyana kwimathematika. Igama lwakhethwa phantsi kuthintelwe mzuzu - Pablo wakuthanda enye amabali ezakudala Czech kwenkulungwane lokugqibela Yana Nerudy, kwaye mfana zange baqonde ntshikilelo baze babe Neruda. Kamva lo gama owawubekelwe kuye ngesenzo esisemthethweni - yayifakwe kwi yokundwendwela.

Okokuqala Prize, ingqokelela yokuqala

Ekupheleni ubuso bendoda ezanyisayo, safudukela eSantiago waza wangena zokufundisa Institute, lowo eYunivesithi Moscow. Apha wafunda IsiNgesi nesiFrentshi. Ke Pablo Neruda waphumelela ibhaso lokuqala umbongo ebizwa ngokuba "Holiday Iingoma" kukhuphiswano umfundi. A Neruda oneminyaka eli-19 ubudala waba yimbangi ingqokelela yemibongo "Ukuqokelelwa kwelanga," iindleko zokuvelisa leyo wahlawula ngokuthengisa ezi izinto eliyingozi. Nalapho ke ebonakalisa ubuntu bakhe ovuthuzayo zemibongo - Neruda wakhumbula ukuba wabhala ngo-2, 3, 4 kunye nokuba 5 imibongo ngosuku. Ngokomthetho kube izibongo wokwalusa, umfundi kunye imitative. Kodwa ilizwi ethe zemibongo aphazamise kuzala ingcamango omkhulu, nto leyo eyaba ezizezayo lakhe. Pablo Neruda wabhala ukuba wayefuna ukuba imbongi, nto leyo laliwugubungela emsebenzini wakhe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Wayefuna ukuba Ukumanyanisa iziganeko, inkanuko, indalo kunye nomntu, kwaye konke oku sele eboniswe lwalamano.

Kuloo minyaka efanayo, Neruda saqhotyoshelwa umsebenzi kwezopolitiko, ukushicilela inqaku lephephandaba malunga nemiba yezentlalo, inxaxheba kumsebenzi imibutho yabasebenzi kunye nemibutho umfundi.

Ummeli-lizwe, ukuhamba

Ukuya kwi ikhosi epheleleyo ye-kwiziko, Neruda ukho Musa ukungxama ukuqala ubomi ukusebenza. Kangangexesha elide ezama ukufumana nasiphi na isithuba ozakuzo, yaye ekugqibeleni ngo-1927 waba ngunozakuzaku e yiRangoon, ikomkhulu eBurma. Oku "umsebenzi" (ukhumbula ukuba waba kwiinyanga nje ezintathu ukwenza imisebenzi ezisemthethweni) kwelinye sinecure, nokuba kakuhle ihlawulwe, kodwa iqabane rhoqo neembongi abaselula - indlala - abazange kungatshitshi ngokunjalo. Neruda ke idluliselwe eCeylon (ngoku - eSri Lanka), naye watyelela China, eJapan, Argentina, njl East yayinceda kwimbono yehlabathi, unika imisebenzi emhlabeni Neruda kaThixo, umntu usenokuthi - .. yesiqalo, nto leyo uphawu imbongi oqolileyo.

"Ohlala - Umhlaba"

Ilungiswe yi uluvo ukuzuzwa ncwadi kuthiwa, ezibonisa ezi mbono: "Residence - Umhlaba". Yena waphuma ngowe-1935, xa Neruda kakade ngunozakuzaku litshatshazi Chilean e Madrid. Kamva, imbongi ayilibale le ngqokelela, owakukhuphayo kuye udumo ukuba incwadi yakhe izele ezikrakra brushwork nenyaniso yobomi. inqaku Friendly basabela kuGabriela Mistral, wabona ngo "imizwa olunzulu Neruda" iimpawu lwabantu lukazwelonke. Esetyenzisiweyo kule ndlela ncwadi ngokungalindelekanga ngqindilili, associativity engenasizathu Neruda zigcinwe elizayo.

kukhetho lwezopolitiko kunye neziphumo zazo

Ukususela ekuqalekeni Spanish Civil War Neruda ukwenza umlo ngokwezopolitiko ngakwicala Republican, ubhala ukuqokelelwa yemibongo "Spain entliziyweni". I-Government of Chile wakukhangela ukuziphatha ezifana ingahimbiselani sithuba noonozakuzaku wayemfudusile kwisikhundla sokuba ngunozakuzaku e-Paris. Ngexesha le sifo ixesha wabashiya ngasemva, yaye sele imbongi edumileyo othenga eChile, 150 km ukusuka kwikomkhulu, izityebi villa "Isla Negra" (Black Island).

Neruda waba ngumKomanisi

sympathies zakhe zezopolitiko utshintshwe - ngo-1945 wajoyina Communist Party of Chile, kwaye ukusukela-1959 olilungu leKomiti wayo Central. Kuba Latinos, loo mazwi eqhelekileyo. Izinto ezibangela le backwardness kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho kumazwe abo babona kwinkqubo loluntu yabangemalungisa, ngokulandelelana, kwaye ngesisombululo iingxaki engxamisekileyo ujonge kuphela utshintsho ekuhlaleni. Kuba komuntu Neruda kutshata naye ayamkelekanga. Emazantsi kwi Nobel, wathi yena wakhetha ngendlela enzima, leyo yahlula abantu uxanduva, kwaye banqule ngamnye njengoko embindini iphela, ukhetha umkhosi emininzi ukuthobeka, nto leyo maxa wambi ngokuphosakeleyo, Noko ke, ukukunyamezela ihamba phambili.

Ngelo xesha ke ugiba entsha exabisekileyo, ezitsalwa ingcamango hero. Kwiminyaka yakhe nokwehla Neruda ukhumbula ukuba icala ezimnyama ixesha le ihlelo ubuntu ithe bayacalulwa engqondweni yakhe umfanekiso Stalin, indoda engqongqo ngokwakhe, "Titanic uMkhuseli" ye revolution eRashiya. Ukususela iimeko ezazihamba le "ukhuseleko Titanic," Neruda wajika kude zombini iinkcukacha ukuba musa ukutshintsha uqobo. Ngoko wahlala de kube sekupheleni.

Sebenza kwi intsika Senator, ukubalekela Argentina

Enye ugqaliselo ezininzi awayeza biography of Neruda enxulumene nexesha post-imfazwe. Kwiphulo lonyulo ngo-1947 wayezixhasa le candidacy ka Gonzalez Videla, musa sinayo kwisithembiso. Waba umongameli Chile, yaye wonyulwa Neruda owayelilungu leNdlu yeeNgwevu. Noko ke, kule kwizithethe embi Latin American, Videla weza igunya, waqala intshutshiso enkulu abaxhasi zangaphambili, kuquka amaKomanisi. Ukuphendula, Neruda eyenziwe iNdlu Yeengwevu kunye intetho elibukhali apho, ukuba ukuphetshwa theatricality, wathi "J'accuse!" Njengoko kanye Zola. Kwinyanga kamva, bekukho isigqibo kokubanjwa kwakhe. Kwafuneka ukuba ndiye bazimele, uze emva koko abanxibe umalusi iinkomo, ukubaleka ezintabeni eArgentina. Ubomi elubhacweni yazaliswa aye kumazwe ahlukeneyo, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-World Congress of Uxolo, njalo-njalo.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngowe-1969, Neruda utyunjwe ukuba unyulo umongameli eChile, kodwa kuthatha kuba wayenomdla Salvador Allende. Ngenxa uloyiso i Neruda wokugqibela uba Ambassador of Chile eFransi, kuba ufunda imbasa ibhaso Nobel kuye. Kodwa imikhosi ukugula kakhulu imbongi ukuba abuyele ekhaya. Wafa kwisibhedlele metropolitan iintsuku ezili-12 emva kokuba urhulumente mdibi anegazi (23 Septemba 1973).

yokumbiwa

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba phantse kweminyaka engama-40 emva kokufa kwakhe, ukuze umzimba uye phantsi kwesidumbu. Injongo yayo ukufumanisa izizathu zokwenyani zakhokelela ukufa wembongi. Isibakala sokuba kaNobel Nobel wafa phantsi kweemeko angaqondakali kakhulu. Wafa iintsuku ezili-12 emva kokuba uhulumeni yasemkhosini bababamba amandla e Chile. Isiqinisekiso sokufa lowu ukuba unobangela yayisebenza somdlavuza wendlala. Kodwa abahlobo wangqina ukuba kwiiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, Neruda wathetha ukuhamba ngokuzimeleyo, yachwayitha intliziyo yakhe. kokufa kwakhe emva kokuba isitofu, eyenziwe nguye esibhedlele weza. Olwaqhutywa ngo-2011, uhlalutyo yaqinisekisa kwisigqibo faki ngoogqirha.

Analysis ubuchule Neruda

Kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe, Neruda kwakusekho eninzi yokubhala. Bebonke, aba nto phinda iincwadi-40 ezahlukeneyo,. Imibongo yakhe iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi (Italian Salvatore Quasimodo wayiguqulela), iye yaphumelela ingqalelo ehlabathini lonke, kodwa rhoqo kunye igama imbongi, mhlawumbi brilliant, kodwa nathi "ngokugqithiseleyo", umbhodamo, abangaswele kuthobela mntu. Neruda kubonakala ngandlel inzima kakhulu, kube likumgangatho ophantsi, sithande ubuciko kunye ombaxa, ngamafutshane, imbongi, ngubani na ofanelwe zakhe engenakuphikwa lingenako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno incasa kuxhaphakile uncwadi. Ngaloo ndlela kwakubonakala nabagxeki ezininzi Pablo Neruda.

Iimpendulo ngaye, kunjalo, kodwa engagungqiyo kangaka. Abahlalutyi amlumnkise loo ukutyhilwa ngasentla bomsebenzi Neruda isenokubangelwa translation: ngokutsha imisebenzi yakhe ngendlela izinto ngolwimi lwasemzini, kugquba kwezinye iintlobo zesihobe - ingxaki zintsonkothe kakhulu. Noko ke, kwihlabathi iSpanish abathetha, le izibongo badla ugalelwe iimvakalelo aphazamiseke nokunconywa. Juan Ramon Jiménez phambi imfazwe ekuthiwa Neruda kungekuphela nje "imbongi enkulu embi". Kamva saba isigwebo, esithi ukuba izibongo Spanish-American bhe kuzibonakalisa ebusweni bakhe, njengoko wendele kumjikelo endalo, yaye ayaguquka yokufa nobomi ezendeleyo kanye ubunyani lelizwekazi.

Contemporary Latin America ubizwa ngokuba "lizwekazi apho kukho yonke iminyaka yobudala." Bona kwenzeka yaye kwimibongo kuphikisana, ukungxama kunye ongalawulekiyo Pablo Nerudy, leyo, njengoko kubonisiwe kule ncwadi, lizibophelele nokubandakanyeka koluntu kunye ibonwe enesifo ekumiseni, wayetshona ezinzulwini yokucinga wentsomi kunye ngokupheleleyo kubomi bemihla namhlanje.

Iinguqulelo Pablo Neruda in Russian

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba zonke iinguqulelo imibongo wembongi kulwimi Russian azichanekanga kakhulu, nangona phezu kwabo basebenza abaguquleli kakhulu. Isibakala sokuba Neruda wasebenzisa indlela nzima yokubhala - akukho imvano, imigca siziinduli elide, kunzima kakhulu ukwenza. Iingcali kangangoko ngokulalisa iivesi, bababuyisa abe nemvano- yemveli. Kule ntsimi ngokukodwa zizakubalulwa noMargarita Aguilar kunye kulya Ehrenburg. Pablo ngokwakhe itoliki intle yonke imisebenzi yakhe ingqalelo Pavla buynov. Kodwa abe engalunganga. Emva Neruda akazange ilifa ulwimi Russian.

Russia ubonisa baba nomdla kumsebenzi yale mbongi. Oku kungqinwa yinto yokuba njengentlonipho wabiza amaziko emfundo kunye nezenkcubeko. UMZEKELO nezinye iingingqi kuthatha eMoscow.

1568 Lyceum ogama Pablo Neruda

Kwikomkhulu, 17 Januwari 2006 Lyceum yavulwa, ogama lakhe behlonipha wembongi. Lyceum 1568 Pablo Neruda - iziko lemfundo likarhulumente, oluqhutywa olunzulu uqeqesho iinkalo labafundi wenzululwazi zobugcisa kunye zendalo. Eli ziko yomzalwane ukalisho nophuculo lwezikolo ndawo okwangoku 16. Lyceum ogama Pablo Neruda ngo-1568 bafumana impumelelo yabo izilwanyana Grant Mayor of eMoscow (ngo-2011-12 no-2012-13.). Kutshanje, ngowama-2013, kwaba ihlelwe le sikolo - ukwenza naziphi balo nezikolo inombolo 233, inombolo 307, inombolo 1237, kwakunye eziguqulweyo inombolo 1606, inombolo 1880, inombolo 1255, inombolo 2145, inombolo 1928.

Namhlanje GBOU Lyceum ogama Pablo Neruda ngo-1568 lijolise abo bafuna ukuzibandakanya nzulu zenzululwazi zendalo (chemistry, physics), imathematika nayo engineering (inzululwazi, ukufunda). Kuyinto profile ezi zinto. Bayakwazi abalufunda nzulu, babhalisele kwisikolo esiphakamileyo Pablo Neruda. Xa izifundo ezingundoqo zokufunda ngempumelelo ngakumbi, iklasi yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini okanye amathathu. Ngamnye kubo, ngabantu 10-15. Abafundi abahamba isikolo esiphakamileyo ngo-1568 yena. Pablo Neruda, ahlale esezidesikeni zawo ngezi zinto omnye ngexesha yaye ke ngoko akwaziyo ukufunxa izinto prepodnosimye ngcono. Ukongeza, ukuba ukucacisa imiba ezintsonkothileyo nangakumbi olunzulu sifundo lwamacandelo bahlela ezikhethiweyo kunye nokudibana simahla. Abo bafuna ukuba ufake igama Pablo Nerudy kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, kufuneka bapase iimviwo ukungena badlule-ndlebe. Okwangoku, uqeqesho lwenziwa ukusuka 5 ukuya kwibakala 11. Ukuvulwa yemisebenzi amalungiselelo abo bafuna ukubhalisa esikolweni aphezulu okanye ukufumana ulwazi epheleleyo ngakumbi kakhulu. Pablo Neruda School ngesisa wabelana nabo nabantwana ochaphazelekayo.

Noko ke, hayi kuphela kwisikolo esiphakamileyo elikomkhulu kuthiwa igama wembongi enkulu. Kukho kwakhona kwithala Pablo Nerudy (inombolo 62). Kubhaliwe sise ul. Iaroslavskaia, 13, izindlu 1 (Metro ENEA). Kwenye ilayibrari egameni lakhe - № 187, ibekwe kwi Ithemba Mira, 180. Konke oku kubonisa ukuba kwilizwe lethu kukho umdla omkhulu ubuntu bakhe nobuchule.