Dicotyledons: umzekelo. Monocots kunye dicots

Izityalo - le yenye yeentlobo sikhulu kakhulu olwahlukeneyo yezikumkani indalo. Babanike zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ukuze siphefumle umoya ococekileyo, ukuveliswa kwe-oxygen iphotosynthesis. Nika abantu kunye nezilwanyana ezininzi kunye ukutya kunye nezondlo, ukuhombisa ubomi bethu kwaye sihle. Enye yezona ndawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo le ubukumkani iyamangalisa angiosperms. Ngabo uthethe ngakumbi.

Angiosperms: ngezigaba

Isebe iquka kumafa ezimbini inani zalo ezinkulu leeklasi:

• monocots;
• bipartite.

Ngamnye kubo ezixabisekileyo hayi kuphela bume xa iyonke, kodwa abantu ethile. Ngapha koko, umntu kuphela igama ubuncinane ngabameli embalwa, leyo iqanjwa monocots kunye dicots, imizekelo ngoko nangoko ukuqinisekisa ukubaluleka enkulu practical yawo ebomini bomntu. Umzekelo, ezi ziquka:

• rye, ingqolowa, ihabile, irayisi, buckwheat;
• rosehips, iitapile, iitumato, seqanda kunye nezinye izityalo;
• inani elikhulu imifuno amayeza.

Ngokubanzi, ukwahluka angiosperms kwi kumakhulu amawaka (malunga 350,000). Zamitha zombini monocots kunye dicots, imizekelo apho kunokuphumela ixesha elide kakhulu, bona babe iimpawu zabo kubume, indlela yobomi, iinkqubo zobomi. Siqwalasela enye iiklasi - dicots. Makhe sihlolisise oko iimpawu ezi zityalo, nto leyo esebenza kubo yaye yintoni na intsingiselo yazo.

dicots class Family

Ulwahlulo zinokuba nomahluko. Kukho iinketho ezininzi:

• inkqubo Takhtajan;
• system Rivila;
• wabonwa;
• Dahlgren and Thorne;
• Cronquist.

Nganye uthatha njengesiseko iimpawu ezithile yaye yahlulwa yonke iklasi ngokwemiyalelo usapho okanye sub-iiklasi. Kuba abantu abaqhelekileyo, aqhelekileyo kakhulu esikolweni le yunithi taxonomic, njengentsapho. Ngoko ke, siya dwelisa amaqela eziqheleke kakhulu ezininzi eziyinxalenye iklasi umbuzo.

1. Butterfly, okanye iimbotyi. Zeziphi izityalo dicotyledonous na apha? Umzekelo: erityisi imbewu, ilusini, i-, peanut, irenki, nemingampunzi, astragalus, iiertyisi, imidumba, kunye nabanye.
2. Rosaceae. Imizekelo: wavuka iinyonga, apile, pere, Plum, istrawberry, raspberry kunye nabanye.
3. Cruciferous, okanye Brassica. A ummeli eziphawuleka - ikhaphetshu. Dicots, umzekelo apho zisenako kungabalelwa kule ntsapho - isithombo. Kananjalo: lwemostade, cress ebusika, sverbigi, isipaji umalusi yakhe. malunga kuphela 3 amawaka iintlobo.
4. Kanti elithi - zibandakanya kumalungu alo inani elikhulu kokhula, zamachiza, iindiza nokutya izityalo. Abameli: chamomile, edandelion, Aster, cornflower, ujongilanga kunye nabanye.
5. Nightshade. Dicots, umzekelo apho kungakhokelela apha - itumata. Kunye nalo, yaye inkoliso izityalo emifuno ezinkulu zilinywa umntu (iitapile, seqanda, njalo njalo). Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo kusapho Belladonna esinetyhefu kakhulu.

Ngaphantsi kakuhle yaziwa kwilizwe lethu iintsapho ezifana:

• ngowakhe;
• Crassulaceae;
• portulacaceae;
• kweediliya;
• nasemva kwakhe;
• ithanga;
• Begoniaceae;
• nut;
• willow;
• yokuma;
• Birch kunye nezinye.

Enyanisweni, abaninzi kubo, kunzima kangaka kubala bonke. Ngoku makhe siqwalasele iimpawu ezifanayo, ophethwe zonke ngabameli bipartite.

Iimpawu ze isakhiwo bipartite

Njengazo zonke izityalo ngaphezulu, banalo isiqu, igqabi, ingcambu, intyatyambo. Xa kufikwa kwiifom iinkuni, oko kukuthi, isiqu kunye namasebe. Ngokubanzi, ulwakhiwo sesityalo bipartite akukho yahlukile kwabanye. Nangona kunjalo, kukho kwakhona features ukuvumela ukuhlelwa iintlobo ezithile kule klasi.

Ezi data uphawu zezi phawu babo obuphuma monocots, ngenxa yokuba bonke nokugqama indawo eziphambili afana, kunzima angqamane kakuhle iintlobo zohlaza, ukuba awazi iimpawu ezizodwa.

iimpawu eziphambili

Ngoko ke, i parameters zilandelayo amiselwe:

1. Venation ishiya uninzi umnatha.
2. Inkqubo iingcambu - ngentonga, ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha elide.
3. Ifomula isakhiwo flower: W ₄ L ₄ T _{2 + 4} P _1. Ngokubanzi, inani amalungu kufuneka liphindaphindwe nokuba 4 okanye 5.
4. Va xylem kunye phloem ibekwe cambium layer neefom abaninzi enemithi stem.
5. Lamina cut embi rhoqo.

Ezi dicotyledons iimpawu musa ukuba onke amalungu zilungiswe nje njalo kwaye hayi ngenye indlela. Njengoko kwenye, apha kakhulu, kukho iimeko, ezinye ezihamba kunye.

Noko ke, lo msebenzi osemqoka ibalulekileyo - kukuba dicots imbewu kufuneka cotyledons ezimbini, ezilungiselelwa ukuxabana. Ngomhla umzekelo yamandongomane okanye iimbotyi kusenokwenzeka ukuba ubone ngokucacileyo ngeliso lenyama. Nanku umqondiso eqhelekileyo kubo bonke abameli Ngaphandle bipartite. Kwaba kuye, yaye igama labo.

Dicotyledons: imizekelo, iifoto

Sele unike imizekelo emininzi yamalungu ezahlukeneyo kule klasi. Kodwa ubukhulu becala bahlala kuphela ezo uhlobo ezikhula kwilizwe lethu. Ezantsi ungabona iifoto ezithile ziintlobo ezisoloko zikho amazwe iimeko zemozulu Russian ayifanelekanga. Oku, umzekelo:

• ngowakhe;
• Delonix regia;
• sundew;
• Sarracenia;
• eyekiswe;
• Teak;
• Black and mahogany, kunye nabanye.

Le ifoto ibonisa ukuba bonke babe zinesangqa ezintle bebala ngokuqaqambileyo. Ngokubanzi, phantse zonke dicotyledons kufuneka iintyatyambo emide. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko phakathi ukhula.

Magnolia iklasi umdla. uhlobo ngalunye - it dicot. Umzekelo kule ntsapho - Magnolia stellata. yayiyinzwakazi encamisileyo kunye nezityalo aqholiweyo East. Ngaye abhale amabali okungaqhelekanga yothando. Magnolias ziyinxalenye inkcubeko kumazwe amaninzi yelasezantsi.

izityalo elinongwe

Kuba dicots kwaye ziquka nabameli iintlobo ezininzi esiqholiweyo, enuka - elinongwe. Ngokomzekelo, ezifana:

• toboy;
• ngowakhe;
• coriander;
• ikumin;
• anise;
• idile;
• parsley;
• allspice, kunye nabanye.

Kakade ke, indima yawo yokudla mkhulu. Ngapha koko, ukongeza kwinjongo ezabelwe yona - ukuphucula ukungcamla izitya okulungiswe ubanike incasa okhethekileyo, ukuba zisetyenziswa njani iifom balawule.

Gnostic

dicots Class iquka kumalungu alo kwintsapho ezifana iambrela, okanye iseleri. osemqoka zazo eziphambili lokwahlula - a yokudubula uphawu eluhlobo iambrela. izixa ezincinane iintyatyambo bahlanganisana isixa, imibala kunqabile eqaqambileyo. Noko ke, ngokwenene yintoni umahluko phakathi kwabo, ukuba ivumba. Zonke abameli ziqulethe izixa ezikhulu-oyile ezibalulekileyo, tannins, sezakhi. Ngoko ke, isambuleli ivumba elikhulu emhlabeni kude kwindawo apho bazibonise.

Abameli zilandelayo:

• coriander;
• iminqathe;
• azhgon;
• celery;
• fennel;
• parsnips;
• milestones eziyityhefu ;
• ngumhlonyane;
• cow parsnip;
• thoroughwax;
• astrantia;
• feverweed;
• goutweed kunye nabanye.

Kukho nabungozi, kwaye iluncedo kakhulu kwisityalo yabantu. Kwakhona, abaninzi zokuhombisa.

Rosaceae

Ummeli kakhulu ithandwa - zasendle wavuka okanye wavuka. It sisityalo dicotyledon, umzekelo apho usoloko esikhokela, ngenkankulu uza usapho Rosaceae. Kodwa, Kakade, hayi nje ukuba yinxalenye yale taxon emnandi. Kutheni okumnandi? Ngokuba yiloo nto ibandakanya ntoni:

• raspberry;
• cherry;
• ayophela;
• quince;
• amakhiwane;
• apile;
• Saskatoon;
• rowan;
• apricot;
• cherry;
• iiamangile kunye nezinye nabameli mnandi kakhulu.

Ukongezelela Ubumandi, nobona abanini ezixabisekileyo iivithamini, izimbiwa olukhulu kunye Micro kunye nemixube ezahlukeneyo.

Apho phakathi nefom enengca: bloodroot eziqhelekileyo, umba, hemp, avens kunye nabanye.

kanti elithi

Kule ekhaya herbaceous, kunqabile Woody izityalo, Perennials. Abameli ezininzi kangangokuba bafumana phantse lonke jikelele. Kanti elithi kukho baloo kwaye kwi Arctic. Eli qela kakhulu ezininzi nezahlukeneyo zonke bipartite.

Imizekelo kungabangela amakhulu. Zeziphi edumileyo, kucaca malunga nasiphi isityalo esithile uchaphazelekayo:

• Aster;
• jongilanga;
• edandelion;
• dahlia;
• chicory;
• mpunzi;
• chamomile;
• mbali;
• Serratula;
• Ambrosia nabanye.

Abameli kakhulu umdla zezi:

• Scalesia Pedunculata;
• umlinganiselo brachylaena.

Bona umdla ngenxa yokuba umthi ubude enamandla kakhulu yeemitha 20/40, ngokulandelelana. In skalezii iintyatyambo etyheli evumba limnandi kakhulu, eqokelelwe iincam kwamasebe. A nobuninzi Umthi enjalo ukwakha sonke yokugawulwa zeGalapagos Islands.

Brachylaena Meran luyakhula eMzantsi Afrika eMadagascar. Ukuya ku kweemitha ezingama-40. Iintyatyambo zinkulu kakhulu, bahlangana panicles kwi iincam kwamasebe.