Ifomu procedural Criminal: ingqiqo, iintlobo, ixabiso

ifomu Criminal procedural, ingqiqo kunye nokubaluleka eza kuxoxwa banzi kweli nqaku - yenye imifuziselo yomthetho komsebenzi karhulumente. Kuba kukho wavakalisa iimpawu kunye amanqanaba uphando iinkqubo kweli tyala.

ifomu procedural zolwaphulo-mthetho: ingqiqo kunye nokubaluleka

Le modeli ekuthethwa ibandakanya isethi iimeko eneenkcukacha esekwe yi ikhomishini komthetho, ukuyondelelana kwendlela izenzo kunye nemigaqo uyilo, apho kwenziwa ikhosi kweenkqubo. Kule fomu isakhiwo ezisisigxina ezabelwe inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nezigaba zawo ngabanye. nemigaqo echaphazelekayo simisela inkqubo inkqubo. Ngokukodwa, uqulunqe ukulandelelana amanyathelo, iimeko utshintsho ukusuka kwinqanaba elinye ityala komnye. Ukongeza, ezi zinto emiselwe ukuba zikho inkqubo kwinqanaba elithile, isiseko, inkqubo kunye neemeko apho isiganeko esithile, kakuhle kwizigqibo ukuze zithathwe. Ingcamango fom mthetho yenkqubo ithatha indawo ephambili kwinzululwazi. ukubaluleka kwayo kungenxa nangoko kwaye kanye uhlobo mzekelo, kwaye imimiselo esisekelwe phezu kwazo eliphethwe ngayo. Inkqubo efanelekileyo ngokuphumeza amanyathelo eqinisekisa yesicelo ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha nezibonelelo kweKhowudi yoLwaphulo kwizifundo owaphule ulwaphulo-mthetho. Iifom zoLwaphulo procedural and iziqinisekiso zenzelwe ukunceda ekuchongeni inyaniso, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho ezikhuselweyo umdla nxaxheba kweli tyala.

impikiswano

Kufuneka ke ukuba uhlobo lolwaphulo-procedural kakhulu, ingqiqo, iintlobo imifuziselo - konke oku bekusoloko isifundo oososayensi mpikiswano. Wonke inani lwenzululwazi ibambelela umbono wakhe ngayo le ngxaki. Ngokukodwa, Tcheltsov wathi uhlobo zenkqubo kwinkqubo yolwaphulo isebenza le nkqubo omiselwe ngokusemthethweni ngezenzo ngamnye okanye indibanisela yazo. Rahunov, ke, babekholelwa ukuba le modeli ncam kulawulwa imithetho umsebenzi. Ngokutsho Strogovich, iintlobo yenkqubo yolwaphulo - iseti imiqathango ebekwe phantsi komthetho, ukuze enze imizimba ogunyazisiweyo yezenzo abona ukwenza imisebenzi yabo yophando kunye nokusonjululwa kwamatyala. Wayekholelwa ukuba le modeli isebenza kubemi inxaxheba kwiingxoxo. Le iseti kweemeko, uwunike Strogovich efunekayo ukwenza izifundo ezo zenzo apho bakwazi ukusebenzisa amalungelo abo kwaye azalisekise nezibophelelo. Shpilev wayekholelwa ukuba inkcazelo ifanelekileyo icandelo ekuthethwa kukuba equka kuphela iseti iimeko, kodwa ngokulandelelana kwabo. Kumalunga ukulungisa inkqubo kunye nokubhaliswa yezenzo ngokwabo, ixesha apho ababenzayo.

iziphetho interim

Imibono evezwe Chel'zova, ayikho kakhulu ntiyiso. Ngokutsho kwakhe, uhlobo lolwaphulo zenkqubo zingasetwa kuphela imisebenzi ethile (umzekelo, ukukhangela okanye ancinwe) okanye kwizakhiwo zazo (ngokuba kwisigaba esithile yeengxoxo). Kulo mzekelo, udidi ingqalelo ibhekisa zonke imisebenzi kwi-sikhokelo uphando kunye neenkqubo. Yonke imisebenzi ekufuneka yenziwe, ukuvakalisa isiqulatho ngembali uhlobo lolwaphulo-procedural. Umsebenzi kulo mzekelo iqulathe kwi zigaba ezilandelelanayo ukuphunyezwa bonke kuchaziwe ngumthetho. Okuninzi definition eNatyisiweyo ukuze kuchazwe imisebenzi Strogovich. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umbhali ngokufanelekileyo yanabisela ekhoyo yenkqubo ifomu abasemagunyeni abanobuchule (iinkundla, utshutshiso, isebe uphando) kunye nabanye abadlali inxaxheba kwimveliso. Oku kube ngumzekelo practical. Ngenxa yoko, bobabini umrhanelwa yaye ixhoba, kwaye ummangalelwa, kwakunye neminye imiba yenkqubo, yazi amalungelo abo. Oku kufezwa izikhalazo, izicelo, ukufunda ityala. Ukubonwa kwamalungelo kule meko yenzeka ngokungqinelana nenkqubo ebekwe ngumthetho ngokungqongqo. Kunye nale kukuthi ukuba Strogovich wehla waya indlela enye Tcheltsov. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ifomu mthetho zenkqubo ifakiwe kuphela ngabanye, kunokuba kwi candelo lwabo xa iyonke.

Ucalulo olufutshane iimpapasho yangoku

Ukufunda iincwadi esemthethweni kubonisa ukuba ngaba oosonzululwazi baye bakwazi ukuphuhlisa inkqubo emanyeneyo ukuba ingcaciso le mbono. Umzekelo, Petruhin ucinga ukuba inkqubo yolwaphulo luhlobo imithetho emisiweyo phenyo kunye kwetyala kwamatyala kwiinkundla abagunyazisiweyo. Umbhali ubhala isethi kudidi ngokubanzi njengoko iimeko ibalulekileyo ekufuneka kufikelelwe kuwo umsebenzi. Oku ukufezekisa iinjongo yeengxoxo iya kunikwa ngayo. iindidi Kuznetsov ingqalelo njenge isakhiwo ezisisigxina ezabelwe iseti lonke yezenzo kunye nezigaba ngamnye, umyalelo kunye ukulandelelana kweziganeko. Le nkcazo kubonakala ukuba epheleleyo ngakumbi. Kodwa kuyo ixabiso iifom inkqubo yolwaphulo isixelela ukuba kude kube sekupheleni. Ngokukodwa, umbhali ibhekisela kuphela izenzo ukuba kwenziwa kuphela amaqumrhu agunyazisiweyo kunye ezisisigxina mimiselo. Noko ke, njengoko kuphawuliwe Strogino, ifom yenkqubo ubonelela ekufezekisweni amalungelo kunye neemfanelo ezinye nxaxheba kuphando kunye neenkqubo zomthetho. Le ngongoma waba kubaluleke ngakumbi emva zokwamkelwa Code omtsha weNkqubo yoLwaphulo. Le Code of kwiPalamente ngokweenkcukacha omkhulu ichaza inkqubo lokusebenzisa amalungelo zokhuselo umrhanelwa, umtyholwa, amaxhoba kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba kweli tyala.

iimpawu eziphambili

Le nkcazelo ingentla ababhali ezahlukeneyo babe nezingeloncedo eziluncedo. Noko ke, akukho namnye kwabo andinika ezibonisa ukuba babe izinto iintlobo zolwaphulo-mthetho yenkqubo:

1. Imbopheleleko.
2. Jikelele.
3. Unity.

Uninzi lwababhali elubala ezi khrayitheriya ngokwahlukeneyo nkcazelo, ezinye izazinzulu akazange ayikhankanye kuzo.

ububanzi

Phantsi lo mqondiso aqonde imfuneko, leyo limisela ndingatshatanga udidi oluthile iimeko umyalelo kwimveliso. Kulo mzekelo, ukunyulwa komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni kubunzima okanye umthamo iziphakamiso. Umthetho yenza umahluko Iifom inkqubo mthetho kwi ezininzi. Ezi ziquka:

• IsiQinisekiso swonghasi.
• Ubukho obongoza umtyholwa ukuva ityala ngendlela ekhethekileyo.
• Ubukho kwisifundo ezizodwa njalo njalo.

isiseko senyaniso, ezifana indlela, indawo kunye nexesha lo mthetho, inani izigigaba, inani labantu abo batshutshisa kunye nezinye zingakuchaphazeli indlela ebekwe phantsi imithetho uphando kunye neenkqubo.

ubunye

uhlobo seMigaqo kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho isebenza wonke kummandla Russia. Oku kubonisa umanyano beendidi zonke abadlali lizwe. Le meko ibangelwa kukuba phantsi kwe siseko kwecala na kummandla wolawulo federal. It imiswe Umhlathi. "O" weSiqendu 71 woMthetho esiSiseko. Kule meko, lo mthetho wagqiba ukuba inkqubo uphando kunye inkqubo iya kuzinza kuphela kwi CPC. Kunyanzelekile ukuba bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kule meko. Ubunye Ifom inkqubo yolwaphulo ishenxisa ngokupheleleyo ithuba ukusekwa kumagunya engingqi okanye wengingqi umyalelo wakho, ngaphandle federal.

isibopho

Le bemfuno kubonisa iimfuno ngqo kunye engqongqo ukusebenza nxaxheba kulo mzekelo, leyo omisela uhlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho yenkqubo. Eli lungiselelo lisebenza yinto ebalulekileyo yokwenza ukuba semthethweni zophando kunye neenkqubo. Ukwaphulwa kwemimiselo esekwe kuqulatha iziphumo ezifanelekileyo. Ngokukodwa, iziphumo ezifunyenweyo ngexesha iziganeko ezithile, baqale value zabo zomthetho. Umzekelo, ukuba zithotyelwe ifomu yenkqubo mthetho ubonelela ukuqokelelwa kobungqina, izinto ziya kuvakaliswa azamkeleki. Oku, lisebenza njengesiseko ukurhoxiswa okanye ukutshintsha ngesigqibo sesibheno.

izakhi

Ukungqinelana imifanekiso ngasentla, kunokuthiwa ukuba ifom mthetho zenkqubo iyafuneka, a, inkqubo jikelele olunye ezilungiselelwe:

1. Ukuphunyezwa izigaba ngamnye zophando kunye kwetyala.
2. Ukuveliswa lonke ityala.
3. izenzo ezithile kunye kwezigqibo ngamaqumrhu agunyazisiweyo kunye namagosa.
4. Amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi amaqela ityala.

Imisebenzi emibini yokugqibela, eneneni, senze njengendlela ukuphunyezwa unxulumano ezithile inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho.

Okukodwa

Ukwahlula kwefom inkqubo mthetho ibangelwa awohluke yemisebenzi ekufuneka isonjululwe kwi-sikhokelo uphando kunye kwetyala kwamatyala. Okukodwa yomsebenzi kubonwa nobuntsompothi neenkcukacha ukuhleleka. Njengenxalenye ityala kufuneka ezichongiweyo ukuze zonke iimeko, iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze kugcinwe iimfuno ezisemthethweni amalungu ayo, ukuba le ngokufaneleka semthethweni iintshukumo yakho umxhase nakwizigqibo azithathileyo. Iifom zoLwaphulo procedural and iziqinisekiso ngamalungelo izifundo, ngokusondeleyo kakhulu enxibelelene. Ukuqinisekisa imiba ukuthotyelwa ubonelela sicatshulwa manqanaba. inqanaba ngalinye kule meko kubandakanya uhlobo kwimveliso. Oku, elungelelene kwesigaba esithile umsebenzi kwaye ivumela lokungqinisisa semthethweni izigqibo kunye nezenzo eziye zamiselwa okanye amkelwa ngaphambili. Admissibility bobungqina inikwa ngokondela inkqubo yokuqokelela kunye nokudityaniswa amaxwebhu afanelekileyo. Waphula umthetho kwaqinisekisa ogqwetha izinto ungalanjathiswa. ifomu inkqubo lolwaphulo ezineefitsha kuxhomekeke kudidi lwetyala. Umzekelo, indlela ekhethekileyo lusekiwe ukuba utshutshiso yabucala amacala, abalawulwa kuzo abantwana.

Izizathu isicelo

Iziqulatho ifomu yeenkqubo ixhomekeke ukufakwa kwayo isakhiwo iimeko ukuze enze izenzo ezithile. Kunye nale iseti ubuvuvu zokwenza imisebenzi ethile. Phantsi kweemeko kule meko kuyimfuneko ukuqonda imithetho umthambo phantsi ngawaphi amanyathelo enkundla kunye yophando. Iziseko zibe izisombululo. Kufuneka kuthathwe ukuze nisombulule okanye ezinye iziganeko. Umzekelo, isiseko eqhelekileyo kugqalwa imveliso ngqo mthetho. Kuphela emva kokuba esi sigqibo, unako ukwenza izenzo bokuphanda (ngaphandle ubugebengu). Izizathu nga kuqwalaselwa kunye nezohlwayo egwebayo. Kwezinye iimeko, kufuneka benze uphando.

izimiso

ifomu kwimigaqo ebekiweyo isebenza ngendlela yokuphumeza ulawulo lomthetho kwimisebenzi izidumbu agunyazisiweyo kunye namagosa. iimeko excitation kunjalo, ukulandelelana imisebenzi kulawulwa ngokungqongqo ngokomthetho. Isicelo kwefom zenkqubo isekelwe phezu kwale mithetho-siseko ilandelayo:

1. Ngokutsho iimfuno yokuziphatha. ifomu kwimigaqo ebekiweyo na ixabiso lemfundo.
2. Ukuthobela ukuhleleka ukukhusela amalungelo kunye neemfuno nxaxheba kweli tyala.
3. imilo zeNkqubo ngobunye, kodwa, nakuba kunjalo, oku ngaphandle, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ingakumbi phakathi kwentlobo yayo.
4. ukubambelela owaziwayo kanye ngokungqongqo imithetho usebenza njengomqathango ayimfuneko semthethweni zophando, iinkqubo kwimfaneleko, ukuqinisekisa inyaniso.

Ukwahlula kwefom mthetho zokwenziwayo

Lo mba ngoku nomdla omkhulu kuluntu lwezenzululwazi. Yena ngenxa yezinto ezimbini. Omnye wabo uphathelene imizamo ukuphuculwa ngakumbi mthetho kwaye uninzi kudidi. Abuzekiyo oku kuza kukhuthaza kumahluko ifomu zenkqubo. Ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali, indlela esahlukileyo, ekukho ekudibaniseni zonke iimeko kuzo zonke ezi meko, akubonakali ukuphucula nemithetho nemigaqo ekhoyo. Izinto yesibini olubangelwa yinkululeko mthetho tyala. Oku, ibangelwa ukwanda luluntu efihlakeleyo kunye oneengxaki yaqala. Ukuziqhelisa, akukho miqobo Injongo ukuya ukwazisana sikhokelo uphando kwecala ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iinkqubo lula. Kule uhlalutyo eminye imisebenzi enxulumene nokufundiswa kwayo le mibuzo, ibonisa ukuba ababhali idla uzama ukwahlula iifom inkqubo yolwaphulo kwinqanaba jikelele. Izazinzulu zithi ukwabiwa kwee-odolo ezizodwa kulo msebenzi xa bebonke, okanye yamacandelo zayo ezinkulu. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iingcali zithi njengenye edume lohlobo elizimeleyo yenkqubo wakhetha elintsonkothe - ubukho iimpawu ezithile kumsebenzi arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho kwaphela okanye ubuncinane ezinye amanqanaba enkqubo. Ngokutsho kwesi sikhundla, kunokwenzeka ukuba bazohlule yonke imisebenzi odolo ezikhethekileyo jikelele kunye ezahlukeneyo. Imithetho ezikhethekileyo, umzekelo, ziquke:

• ebandakanya abantwana;
• isicelo amanyathelo zonyango zonyanzelo njalo njalo.

Unako kwakhona umahluko kunye namacandelo enkulu inkqubo (umz, ityala okanye pre-kwetyala).

Ukuqaliswa kwe zomthetho

Iifomu apho kuliwa, ngenxa umxholo kunye nohlobo Uthethathethwano. Umthetho wabeka umyalelo ethile isenzo ngasinye sigqibo. Imigaqo ichazwe ngu kulandelelwano uphumezo izenzo ezithile zokuziphatha, amagama, iimpawu uxwebhu njalo njalo. izenzo ezininzi eziye zafuna bokuphanda kufuneka iintlobo zabo. Umzekelo, zoviwo ekwanti, nokuhlutha, khangela, uhlolo, uvavanyo lwentsebenzo, familiarization kunye izinto njalo-njalo. Inkqubo ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ezithile nazo umohluko. Ngokomzekelo, malunga bephethe umbandela ummangalelwa, ukuqaliswa inkqubo, yokulalela njalo njalo. Lo mthetho ubonelela kokwahlulwa iintlobo inxaxheba kule nkqubo yemibutho kunye nabantu. Basenokuba lokungenisa amaxwebhu ezikhalazo, isibheno kwisigqibo okanye isenzo / Ukungenzi abantu abagunyazisiweyo njalo-njalo.

Ukuphunyezwa kwe-ofisi

Iifom ezingummiselo yahlulwe kuxhomekeke kwisifundo kuqamba. Nangakumbi, lo msebenzi wenziwa:

• Yi utshutshiso.
• Court.
• yokuzikhusela.

Le misebenzi yenziwe kolawulo iifom zenkundla kunye nobulungisa. Utshutshiso ezisebenzisa igunya phantsi intshutshiso. Oku kungenziwa kumgaqo-nkqubo abucala, uluntu-yoluntu okanye yoluntu. Ukongeza, lo mthetho unika uhlobo zenkqubo ye kweliso prosecutorial. Ilawulwa, ingakumbi, imisebenzi imizimba uphando lokuqala kunye nemibuzo. Igqwetha, umtyholwa / umrhanelwa, kwakunye nabanye abadlali enze imisebenzi kwaye asebenzise ilungelo ngokohlobo yokhuseleko elubhacweni. Kufuneka ke ukuba lo msebenzi kungokunje akukho mmiselo ecacileyo kuwiso-mthetho.