Dinar Gold. Le projekthi ukuqaliswa dinar yegolide

Namhlanje yinxalenye bezimali zehlabathi unoluvo ukuba kuyimfuneko ukubuyela umgangatho yegolide. Ngoko wabiza inkqubo lawulo apho amazwe lwemali isikhonkwane kwigolide. Le mbono bafuna "unyango" zentlekele lwehlabathi. Zezoqoqosho ngenye kujongwa isindululo esinjalo: inxenye yabo ingqalelo dinar ingcamango igolide, isenzakalo, abanye kuzama uku phawula oko.

imvelaphi senkolelo

Lo mbono ukwenza lwemali kumazwe Muslim eza kuxhasa igolide, asinto intsha. Kwakhona yakhankanywa iKoran: linika iingcebiso Muslims babhenele ukusetyenziswa imali ngexesha imicimbi, nangenxa imali, yaye ukuba ahlawule irhafu.

I-Koran uyakuthintela adle abanye ngayo, kwaye uninzi abalandeli umbhalo ukuba amatyala iphepha azikho imali. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni zebhanki Islamic inkqubo ekhethekileyo apho indima engundoqo idlalwa Islamic Bank of Development. It wadalwa kumazwe asempuma 55 apho izixhobo eziphathekayo ekrwada ezinkulu kulo mhlaba. Uqoqosho kula mazwe Muslim likhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwi US dollar. Ukuba dinar yegolide yaqaliswa, ulwalamano yayiza nibandezeleke. Ikhosi dinar bekuya kuba ngaphezu iindleko dollar enye. Oko kukuthi, kule meko, ukongeza kwezoqoqosho, kukho kwakhona imvelaphi kwezopolitiko.

Abachasi kunye abaxhasi umgangatho yegolide

Ezinye iingcali zoqoqosho (elinye iqela) bakholelwa ukuba kwihlabathi kukho unikezelo elilinganiselweyo yegolide. Ke ukuba sixa silingana ngomgangatho kwegolide le isitokhwe metal, iya ukugcina imveliso ukukhula. inqanaba Production "yellow" metal ngezantsi umyinge wokuphelelwa kuqoqosho, kunye noovimba yayo edyokhweni isasazwe ehlabathini lonke. Movement of capital, phezu koko, kokukhona ngokukhululekileyo ngaphezu ngaphambili.

Abalandeli bakholelwa ukuba lwemali igolide kuya kunceda uzinzise kuqoqosho, ukunciphisa ukunyuka, kuba urhulumente kule meko ukuba ngaba unqwenela ukuba akhuphe amanqaku akaqinisekiswanga zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo njengoko.

Ingcamango umgangatho yegolide

Oku kubizwa ngokuba inkqubo igolide esezantsi emali, xa iyindlela eyinhloko zokuhlala yenza imali encinane yegolide. Kulo mzekelo, esi siqinisekiso unikwa ukuba ikharensi kwaneso umthamo ofanayo yegolide. KuRhulumente izibalo kunye nabanye ukucwangcisa izinga lotshintshiselwano ebalwa umlinganiselo iimali zabo wesizwe negolide (ukuya kwenye unit sobunzima).

Ngemvelaphi ye-standard

Yinto eyaziwayo ubukho iintlobo eziliqela umgangatho ngegolide:

1. Lokuqala - Classic inkqubo (ezinkozo igolide) lwemali ngokusekelwe zemali zegolide. Kunye nale, ekhutshwe yamaphepha, leyo similise imali ngesantya esisigxina kubhaliweyo kule mithetho. Le nkqubo wasebenza de kokuqhambuka leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.
2. Okulandelayo beza standard bullion yegolide. Yamaphepha kufuneka zaba bar legolide 12.5 kg. Le khosi ye-dinar ngokuchasene engange asizange ngqo kuchazwa.
3. Uhlobo lwesithathu: exchange igolide. Eyavelayo emva kokuba Second World War. Imithetho kuwo babekwa kwi eBretton Woods: IMelika ufunge ukuqinisekisa exchange zegolide ngomlinganiselo $ 35 nganye 31,1035 grams (troy ounce). ithi kuphela usebenzisa engundoqo kweendonga zawo ilungelo lokutshintsha US lwemali igolide. Ngo-Agasti 1971, ezi imisebenzi Kumiswe ngenxa zokungathotyelwa yexabiso Rule yale US lwemali kwi ngegolide. Emva konyaka, lo mgangatho ntoni irhoxisiwe.

imizamo imvuselelo

engamashumi amabini kamva, ihlabathi yaqala kwakhona ukuthetha malunga ukuvuselela lwemali exchange igolide. Ngoko ke wacela ukwazisa dinar yegolide.

Kutheni dinar? Uninzi amazwe Islamic ioli ngaphandle kunye nezinye izixhobo zendalo. ukutshintshiselana yorhwebo ehlabathini lonke ekurhwebeni e-US lwemali, ngoko ke pay lizwe izinto zabo ekrwada akwiidola US okanye ngohlobo amanani kule akhawunti. Enyanisweni, la manani abalindelekanga exhaswa yi nto, ngoko oku ayinakuthenjwa kakhulu.

Oku kwabangela kumazwe asempuma ukuthatha inyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwi dollar. Ngowe-2002, oko yaphakanyiswa ukwazisa dinar ngegolide currency Islamic ngamazwe. Faka ngayo izibalo yonke imihla abalindelekanga. Undoqo - le mali oovimba kwi-Central Bank iya kuba States ezibe amaqela kwinkqubo.

lwemali karhulumente Islamic lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa wesefu iinkqubo. Isiseko lokugqibela - izivumelwano obunamacala phakathi kwamaqela kwisivumelwano. Oku kuya ezikhawulezileyo umbuzo malunga nokungabikho segolide imveliso zemali.

Lo mbono waba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: i-metal anqabileyo kwaneso imithombo yendalo. Eyona abathumela eziphambili kwezibonelelo eneji Turkey, UAE, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia. Ukuba dinar yegolide yaqaliswa, la mazwe bangazuza lukhulu kakhulu, njengoko babeza kufumana ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-20 zegolide ngonyaka.

Nangona qhwa kweprojekthi ngo-2003, e-Malaysia, benozuko omnye, lo dinar wabethwa - ingqekembe, eyayisazisa lwemali ngokusemthethweni ecaleni kuzwelonke. Kodwa ke urhulumente wezwe ayizange ukuxhasa liphulo.

Uluvo apha emoyeni

Xa abameli ka-1990 abasemagunyeni Turkish baqalisa ukuba inyanzelise ukuba lwemali karhulumente Islamic kodwa waqalisa ukusebenza. Kuye kwacetyiswa ukuba dinar kuya kuba ngohlobo lwemali "Islamic Group of Eight." Of inkokeli Libyan Muammar Gaddafi uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo weva umnqweno ashiye imali yaseYurophu kunye US egameni inguqu ukuya dinar Islamic.

ukuqaliswa

Ukususela ngelo xesha, ingcamango currency yamaSilamsi yaphehlelelwa. Company E-dinar Ltd iye yavulwa, ikomkhulu yayo ise Malaysia.

Le nkampani - ukuba omnye, njengoko ebhankini, nto leyo enika ithuba ukuguqula imali yabo dinars, Noko ke, elektroniki. Ubunzima dinar igolide ilingana 4.25 grams zegolide. Ngoncedo mali yebhanki zidluliselwa kwi dinars, izibalo eziyimfuneko iyenziwa, ngoko uyakwazi ukwenza uguqulo umva.

Abasebenzisi simahla ukuvula i-akhawunti, wena kudingeka nje ukuba babhalise ze ugcwalise ifomu kwi sayithi. Iinkampani Ukugcinwa zinika uqhelane bullion zegolide, eziya kuhlawula iimfuno zonke dinars ezifanelekileyo elektroniki. Kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala Elucweyweni akhawunti ezingamakhulu amathathu amawaka ukuvulwa ngabathengi ehlabathini lonke baye ingxelo. Ngaphandle kwenkqubo esele ikhankanywe E-dinar kwaye E-Dirham, lingana grams ezintathu zesilivere.

Ukusasazeka standard yegolide

Ekupheleni kuka-2001 yabalasela i ngokusesikweni ukuqaliswa igolide imali yesilivere ejikelezayo. Le ngqekembe zihanjiswa ngokusebenzisa iinkampani ngokukodwa ebhalisiweyo. Xa Emirates offshore kunye Malaysia sele ingena ejikeleza kwi dinar yegolide.

Njengoko kulindelekile, le lwemali eliqhelekileyo ithi Islamic ziya kuqaliswa phambi kokuqalisa 2011 Noko ke, oku akuzange kwenzeke. Umhla ukuqaliswa umgangatho legolide ngaphakathi unyango sele esinye zakuqala 2015, kodwa ke zange yenzeke yona. Njengoko kulindelekile, le ofisi intloko Central Bank of loo lwangoku luzakubekwa zibekwe e Riyadh, ikomkhulu Saudi Arabia.

Impact on iRussia

Njengoko bathi isifundo, uninzi woovimba negolide eUnited States (malunga 8.2 iitoni). Okulandelayo iza Germany (iitoni 3.4). Emva koko - France kunye Italy (2.4 neetoni 2.5, ngokulandelelanayo).

Thetha malunga dinar igolide kwakhona yavela emva kwentlekele ngo-2008. Nangona kunjalo, i-Code a ayabasukela isifundo, nangona into yokuba inkangeleko yelizwe enjalo ezinokuchaphazela kakubi uqoqosho lwelizwe. Phantse bonke oovimba lwethu Central Bank of izitora US kunye nemali zaseYurophu. Ngenxa yoko, kanye imbonakalo ngeranti dinar kwaye esilimaza uzinzo yemali yelizwe lethu.

Ihlabathi liphela nangoku kuxhomekeka dollar. Ndawonye naye kunye Russian ebambe ngaphezu kwesiqingatha loovimba zayo US lwemali. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho mntu ubona enye indlela.

Ityala eli hlabathi

Phakathi ku-2015, lo matshini waqalisa ukusasaza ulwazi kwakhona ukuba kummandla omnye lamazwe Islamic kwakhona ufuna ukwazisa zemali zegolide. Ixabiso nganye $ 139.

Inkoliso Osoqoqosho bayavuma ukuba oku ziinzame ukubonisa ubunzulu ezintle. Kodwa ke nantoni na enxulumene inyaniso ayikho apho. Iingcali bakugqala ukhetho ukungaphumeleli, kuba bekufanele ukuba akhuphe imali, iindleko lwalo isikhonkwane engqongqo negolide. Kubonakala ukuba kwakufuneka ezinye izinto. Buyisela i dinar negolide eninzi kunene.

Kwelinye icala, kubalulekile ukuba ukuthanda nephepha lwemali, nto leyo eza kufumana kugunyaziso yegolide. Ekubeni umthamo urhwebo ngaphakathi isimo Islamic mincinane, iingqekembe zegolide kuya kufuneka unikezele kancinci. Emva koko ukuzama ukuvuselela seziqwalaselwe dinar.

Namhlanje, nabani na akhuphe dinars yayo negolide yabo, ngegolide, 3D-yomshicileli, yaye layout ethunyelwe nge nabani e-mail. Noko ke, ngaba kufanelekile oko, njengokuba nje akucaci.

impendulo Russian

Ngokwenjenjalo, le engange Russian Siceba ukuqalisa imali entsha. Urhulumente Russian ngo-2015, bexoxa kungenzeka ukuvela lwemali entsha eza kuthatha indawo engange Russian ngeentlawulo phakathi kwamazwe. Le khosi ye-dinar ngokuchasene engange namhlanje malunga 10.7 amawaka engange.

Oku kucacisa into yokuba ngo-2015 ngamandla yibhanki eyongameleyo ukuthenga igolide kuba metal elixabisekileyo ziya kuxhaswa yi uhlobo olutsha lwemali - engange igolide.

Duma State ufuna ukutshintsha imali engange kwenye lwemali kazwelonke ukuzinzisa urhwebo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuze ukulungelelanisa isantya kwaye sehlise izinga intelekelelo le engange phakathi SCO angamalungu, EAEC, BRICS kucetywa ukuba wazisa zokubolekisa engange yegolide. Uya kuba nako ukuzinzisa izinga lotshintshiselwano xa baguqukele euro kunye dollar. Kwakhona kulindeleke ukuba lwangoku zinciphise umgangatho izenzo kwerandi nalamazwe kunye namanye amazwe angaphandle.

Ukususela amazwi yamaSekela, kwinguqu esa lwemali omtsha iza kuba ekuqaleni kwexesha kakhulu, nto leyo ekugqibeleni nefuthe kakuhle kuqoqosho Russian. Le mizekelo banikwa lwemali olunye amazwe aseYurophu.

Oko kuye kwabonakala imali omtsha Russian, kuyimfuneko ukuba izilungiso-siseko. Ukongeza engange yegolide kwaye kucetywa ukuba usebenzise njenge zokuhlala phakathi kwamazwe yuan le.

Njengoko sonke khumbula ukususela embindini ka-2014 engange yaqala ngenkuthalo ukuze bawe. ngoko UMongameli wayalela urhulumente ukuba basebenze ngaphandle amanyathelo ukomeleza lwemali lwesizwe zibangelwa buthathaka izenzo ngumyinge.

endaweni yesiphelo

Muammar eLibya waba ngumongameli lokugqibela ababefuna ukushiya US lwemali njengendlela ephambili izibalo phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Uye wasebenza ngale ndlela - uzama ukubeka yasasazwa kulo dinar yegolide. Ngelishwa, eLibya akazange akwazi ukuqonda izimvo zabo.

zemali zegolide, ixabiso eza exhaswa yi ngegolide, kuya, mhlawumbi, ekuweni kwenkqubo kwezoqoqosho eUnited States. Namhlanje, Noko ke, kwangoko kakhulu ukuthetha ngayo: enye ukuya dollar ngaba akude kufumaneke.

Kangangethuba elide njengoko lwemali kuzo izibalo ze-US dollar wayephakathi States. Le nkulungwane intsha yabalasela nesiqalo nokufika lwemali entsha - euro. Imali yaseYurophu liye ngokukhawuleza yaba yindawo of World. Ukuvela iyunithi imali entsha ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo eya kuba yahlukile kwezinye iiteknoloji bulumko unyango, yenza 'endala' kwizigxina zawo phambili.

Thathela ingqalelo isakhono amazwe Muslim igcine ulawulo phezu imarike lehlabathi amaxabiso izinto zokwenza imveliso, nokutshintshela dinar legolide kumazwe amaSilamsi (amalungu Islamic Development Bank) uya kuba kuyingozi enkulu ekuweni namhlanje ezimali sigqibo.