Elikhulu Iminyaka War.

War Elikhulu Years ', eyathatha ukususela 1337 kwada 1453, phakathi France kunye eNgilani, emkhosini nezopolitiko isiganeko mde kwimbali amagunya ezimbini. Enyanisweni, ukuba akukho imfazwe, kodwa amaphulo asemkhosini, ukutshintsha uxolelwaniso. Umahluko phakathi England ne France bazalelwa emva ngo1066, xa uNorman Uloyiso, xa ukumkani eNgilane, ngelo xesha igosa amanene efanayo eFransi, wathabatha indawo enkulu umhlaba kweli lizwe. Ngookumkani of France, ebona ingozi, ndizama ukumisa ukwandiswa izinto British. Ukuqhubeka kwalo ungquzulwano ixesha elide waza waba Iminyaka War.

Amanqanaba kaHameha Iminyaka War

War Iminyaka 'lungohlulwa lube izigaba eziphambili 4. Esokuqala '23 - isibhengezo yemfazwe uKumkani eNgilani , Edward III ukuya mvano obhengezwe 1360 ngo Bretigny. Ngeli xesha, France waba eninzi ukoyiswa zomkhosi. Iintsuku zokuqala yemfazwe, ekwindla ka-1337, kuphawulwa ekuqaleni eNgilani wasePicardy. Ke kwabakho uthotho zoloyiso British - uloyiso yomkhosi wamanzi ngo-1340 xa Sleyle, ngowe-1346 e-Crecy, yaye ngowe-1356 unyana omdala ka-Edward III, nguMthetheli Wales, uWele i "Black Prince" ngenxa umbala yonke yeentonga zakhe, yena wathimba kaKumkani John II. Ngexesha lesi sigaba zemfazwe eFransi yaba kwimvukelo Paris, kwaye ngo-1360 isgqibo yagqitywa Brétigny, apho i-French waphulukana amazwe akumazantsi Loire, nto leyo yesithathu yelizwe, kwaye kwizibuko Calais.

Inqanaba lesibini lathatha iminyaka 27 - ngo 1369 ukuze 1396. Ngeminyaka yee-70s lwe ngenkulungwane ye-14 i-French ekhulule inxalenye enkulu elizweni labo. France wadlula kwimvukelo okubangelwa ukunganeliseki ezithandwayo kunye iirhafu eziphezulu. Eli lizwe ngelo xesha angonwabi gqitha, i Iminyaka Elikhulu War waba mandundu ingxabano yamakhaya amaqela feudal kwilizwe Armagnac kunye Burgundians, ocande imfazwe yamakhaya. Le isgqibo sokuba kwenzeke ngo-1396, wanikela elifut- zombini amaqela kangangeminyaka eli-18.

Isigaba sesithathu yaba yeyona oludlulayo, wawuqala 1415 no 1420 yabalasela kwi ezintsha eziphambili British. Henry the V, uKumkani of England, woyisa kwiindawo ezininzi eFransi, eNormandy kunye woyisa umkhosi isisiFrentshi 1415 e Agincourt. IFrance ngaphandle kwemali nangaphandle umkhosi, kwaye ukubambana phakathi Armagnac kunye Burgundians wacanda ilizwe. umhlaba neMpuma Koloni kunye noMntla enguMongami Independent waseFransi INkosana Burgundy wangena umfelandawonye yaseBritani, yaye ngowe-1420 ihlabathi Troyes sasayinwa phakathi kwabo apho uHenry waye ibamba yesihlanu French. Ukongeza, i-ibamba bathelela emtshatweni ne-Catherine, intombi ka-uKumkani uCharles VI, eziqulathwe ubunyani komdibaniso zeengqukuva. UNyana Charles VI ovinjwa amalungelo patronal.

Isigaba sesine ngangosuku 1420 ukuya 1453, kwaye iye yaba ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye lalawo. Ngowe-1422 Korol uKarl VI wafa kunye Regent, uHenry V, kwaye iNkosana iBurgundy, kunye ne-British isaziso uKumkani waseFransi kunye England, unyana ka Regent kunye Princess Henry VI. Kwelinye icala, ndayihluthwa kwamalungelo elifeni Dauphin Charles, nyana wokumkani odlulileyo, uCharles VII yazibeka, uKumkani France. France wohlukana iindawo ezintathu: ilizwe ezoyiswa British phantsi kolawulo uHenry V, ummandla phantsi koxinzelelo bezopolitiko iNkosana Burgundy kunye imimandla esemazantsi, waqonda igunya uCharles VII. Ngo-1428 i Burgundians, kunye amaBritane yangqinga Orleans, obeyindoda ngenxa itikiti ukuya kwilizwe kumazantsi eFransi. Kweli nqanaba, imfazwe wajoyina labemi, kunye nentshukumo yabantu, nto leyo elikhokelwa Joan of Arc, ekuqalekeni inkululeko yaseFransi. Ngowe-1429 Orleans wakhululwa yaye yaba kukutshintsha Iminyaka War. NgoJulayi waloo nyaka ngokunzulu kubekwa uCharles VII. INkosana Burgundy waya kukumkani omtsha 1435, yaye amajoni British ukusuka kwikomkhulu sele zapheliswa 1436, yaye kamva kwezinye iidolophu ntshona kunye iinqaba. Ngu ngehlobo lika 1451 okunene Iminyaka Elikhulu War wayephethe, kodwa ekwindla ka-1452 amaBritane wazama ukuba uwine umva kumzantsi-ntshona eFransi, Bordeaux wasebenzisa inqaba kwaye amanye Guienne. Charles VII entwasahlobo ka-1453 siqu umkhosi inkululeko wasemzantsi-ntshona weli lizwe. Ehlotyeni le nyaka, i-French woyisa imikhosi yaseBritani kwi Castillon kunye Châtillon. Yaye ngo-Oktobha, ikampu French wanikezela abachasi e Bordeaux - Oktobha 19, 1453 yaba umhla ukugqitywa Iminyaka War.

uloyiso yaseFransi kwiMfazwe Kwiminyaka Elikhulu 'akubhekiselwanga kuphela ekupheliseni eNgilani kweli lizwe kunye nokukhululwa boyisa njengoko mandla lonke ulawulo eFransi, ukumiselwa lesizwe siqinile. Ukukhunjulwa imfazwe kuhlala iintliziyo French, njengoko komdlalo wabo omkhulu phakathi amagunya amabini, ukuba iziganeko ezintsonkothileyo nolunobundlongondlongo, ngokuthe ngcembe esikhuthaza ngayo lo ubuzwe kunye namandla omoya abantu baseFransi.