SS Division "Compostela": Imbali

Imbali yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, amakhasi eliqela apho mbali ezininzi West bakhetha ukuba ukufunda. Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye iiyantlukwano kuphela lesizwe Reich. Lo mxholo yokuxhamla ubuncwane kunene, kwaye ukukhanya iziganeko zakutshanje eMzantsi-mpuma Ukraine, oko liya lisiba buhlungu.

Omnye kuphela ukukhankanya imbali kwicandelo SS "Compostela"! Ezi "abantu abalwa anesibindi" Ngoku kuzukiswa ngokwaseburhulumenteni Ukrainian, kuphela 'uqulukubhode' ngezinye nqa amagqala amaGestapo. Ke ukuba uthi eninzi.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Ukususela kwimihla zokuqala yenkokheli yokulwa isizwe Ukrainian kungcwatywa urhulumente "iimfuno" isiJamani ukwenzela ukusekwa kweeyunithi wesizwe emkhosini, nto leyo 'ziye zanegalelo uloyiso phezu Bolshevism. " Nazi nje kuqala zonke iinzame zabo lilize. Nangona abanini babo German zange ahlawule le engaka ngokupheleleyo akukho ingqalelo. impumelelo yazo wamajoni ezifana ukuba funny nje yi yingcinga yokuba bakwazi ukuthatha unonophelo ezi mosek kwezopolitiko.

Ngowe-1943, iimeko ezininzi zitshintshile. Stalingrad ke, umkhosi Ridge Paulus iye yasuswa phantsi apho, kwakukho nezinye izimpi, leyi khorwisaka achithwa ke intsomi invincibility yomkhosi waseJamani. NgoFebruwari waloo nyaka, amaJamani baqalisa ukucinga ngendlela yokusebenzisa polovchee "ubomi Ukrainian" isizwe wokufaka imingxuma kwi ngaphambili.

Ukudala "division ezukileyo"

Eli nyathelo kuxhaswa ngamandla kwirhuluneli kwisithili, "Compostela" O. Waechter. Kungenzeka, isisombululo yokugqibela evela intloko yakhe yangaphambili Himmler ngqo. Ifudusiwe amanye amaxwebhu yembali ezichaza ukuba indalo le SS Division "Compostela" kuqala kuxoxwe Matshi wabo 1, 1943.

Sele March 28, 1943 Waechter uxelela umphathi wakhe ukuba iinkokeli wesizwe bababamba ngochulumanco ithuba 'ukuba sikhonze eJamani. " Phakathi-Apreli waloo nyaka, Wachter wabiza intlanganiso iqela, ziziphi ezona ziphezulu SS.

Abazange ukutsala, kodwa ngenxa yokuba phantse nangoko ndagqiba ukuseta i-SS Division "Compostela". Abathathi yentlanganiso ekuvunyelwene ngaphambi kwexesha lokuba uya kukuphepha ukusebenzisa igama elithi "amapolisa" egameni lika ntsha. Ngamafutshane, baye bavumelana ukuyilwa ipolisa liqumrhu lwezohlwayo. Akumangalisi ke, isizwe ukhetho zaye baxhotyiswe ngendlela efanayo 'nabalingane' zabo kwezinye ngokwamaqela SS sazela, ukuba mabanxibe iiyunifom hina. Kwelinye icala, ahluke kuphela ikhaka elikhethekileyo emkhonweni.

Igosa wayalela zokusekwa kwe-SS Division "Compostela" yapapashwa ngo-Aprili 28. Kungekudala, waqala ukwahlulwa kubuthwa bokuqala ukufika.

Phezu awohluke ngokokuqeshwa

Kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba kufunwe kukho izinto ezintsha lomntu a "unesisa." Le ekuqulunqeni kuthetha ukuba ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga akuzange kumthintele amaJamani zokugaya umkhosi "lo riffraff Slavic." Ngaw wavala umnyango ezi zinto "unit elite" kuphela uhlobo ngokupheleleyo non European-, okubonakala ngokucacileyo ukuthetha asinguye imvelaphi Aryan.

ze umsebenzi

Ngosuku wokupapashwa ngokomyalelo lokusekwa kwicandelo Waechter yakhupha umyalelo ngasese. Ithi ngokucacileyo ukuba abasemagunyeni inoxanduva isizwe isibheno, nakweyiphi imeko akufuneki nakancane ngenxa yokuba ukunceda amaJamani. IKomishoni kwafuneka ingqalelo kuphela kwi "ekulweni Bolshevism." Nabo abbreviation SS imela "Riflemen isinxibelelanisi", esenzeka kunye bang kwi undereducated, bume uncultured.

Xa amacebo iculo elifanayo neyantlukwano SS "Compostela", nto leyo iqulathe amagama amaninzi malunga "nobukhulu uhlanga", kodwa ayithethi malunga inkonzo Reich.

Inani lwabasebenzi

Ekuqaleni kuka June, abantu 81,999 abhaliswa irekhodi. Ngokusemthethweni, 52.875 kwabo ekuqulunqeni le nkonzo ziye zathathwa Wakhanyela 29 124. Kodwa asifanele sicinge ukuba leefoni nangoko wayeka, njengoko kuyimfuneko wemvula rhoqo. Draft ikhomishini elikhokelwa K. Schulze, abathe basetyenziswa iseti kwamalungu de-Agasti 1944, yaye "redecorating" scruffy kwenziwa phantse kude kube sekupheleni kuka-1945 kweli dabi, udibaniso.

Ekubeni vivo was ngesantya nanto, amaJamani endiyibumbileyo iinxalenye eziliqela. Oku kucacisa into yokuba i-SS Division "Compostela", amalungu kufuneka ifoto kweli nqaku yaba nezidibanisi ezingafani kakhulu. Ukongeza abantu 11.578 abaye ngokusesikweni batyhubela izifundo zoqeqesho ezizodwa, amaJamani nangoko swi regiments ezihlanu ezongezelelekileyo kunye nomkhosi i "surplus". nangoko Ezi regiments kunye ithathele zaziqengqeleka uqheliso amapolisa zakudala, apho phantsi zonke ezinye uxhulumaniso sazela.

iindlela Used ngokokuqeshwa

Kungekudala kwathi acofiweyo "eziphathekayo" ngokucacileyo akwanelanga ngenxa ilahleko rhoqo ekulweni, ngoko waqalisa ukusebenza kuphela ibhodi idrafti esemthethweni kumavolontiya, kodwa imikhosi ezizodwa, ngubani Sizibandakanye kwilinge enogonyamelo lolutsha. Kuye kwacaca phakathi-Juni 1944, xa Ukraine baye baqalisa ukuba uzive ngokupheleleyo ngokupheleleyo ubukhulu bakhe 'ukuzinikela Reich. " nangoko ulutsha Collared ithunyelwe ukuya kwicandelo kwitanki SS "Hoenshtaufen" yaye "Frundsberg", ukuba ihlobo nje ibekwe kufuphi nesixeko.

Njengoko umthombo cheap Ukrainian "eziphathekayo" ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye namanye amaqela German kukho abekwezo ndawo badlulayo. Ziye ke zithathwe rhoqo inkonzo elinesibini ezimbalwa wabamba "abanombono ngolo Ukraine." Emizaneni kufuphi kulawulo German eLviv kaThixo Babengabalelani zibe zayo wesizwe, Yeremiya ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwemvume kwabantu bonke. Yaba omkhulu lwabasebenzi, nto leyo eJamani ngelo xesha ukuqala ngamandla ephosiweyo. Abantu baqala eyolanda kuphela ezitratweni, kodwa kwakhona ngqo kumaziko karhulumente.

Nkqu i "namaqhawe ahloniphekileyo Ukrainian" leCawa akaba saba baziva bekhuselekile, njengoko "duty Fuehrer" baya ngqo ukunika inkonzo. Ngelo xesha nkqu isizwe kakhulu uyakhetha akwazi ukuba bazibona ngengxaki wemikhosi babo phambili, ngoko idabi lunganga ungxamile. Kukholelwa ukuba i-SS Division "Compostela" (izibhengezo ifoto kukulo material) ligqithise hayi ngaphantsi kwe-32 lamawaka amadoda.

Umyalelo kunye nendawo irejista

Okokuqala, uxanduva ukusebenza iiyunithi zamapolisa omtsha eyabelwe i-SS-Brigadeführer Schiemann. Kodwa kule post wahlala kuphela de phakathi kuNovemba 1943. Kungekudala waba injengele Compostela Oberführer SS Fritz Freitag, ngubani ekupheleni kuka-Epreli wanikwa ngokusesikweni isihloko Brigadeführer (analogu zethu ezinkulu-jikelele kwi Waffen-SS).

Oku kuye myalelo kubangelwa kukuba lo mntu waba nokuphangalala kwamava leeyunithi umyalelo yamapolisa ibe kakuhle le nkcukacha zokusebenza kunye nabo. Amagosa bokulwa German wamphatha kukudelwa kakhulu: Freitag khange watyelela na lupwa, akazange abe nofifi malunga namaqhinga kunye nomkhosi indlela yobomi.

Ngokubanzi, Ukrainian SS division "Compostela" iye yaba uhlobo 'Zinjengonomgogwana "phakathi amaNazi, njengoko ka amaJamani elubhacweni amagosa kuphela yanto, eliphakathi, okanye igwala nje. Kakade ke, ukuba umgangatho olufanelekileyo bokulwa zo xhulumaniso.

Okokuqala, uninzi lwabasebenzi ebekwe kwi "Gaydelagere", yaye ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-1944, oko sifakwe kwi Noygamere (eSilesia, Germany). Nangona kunjalo, i-July 18, 1943, xa nebhetshi yokuqala kwamalungu evela mzi, ngoko kuqala baye babekwa enkampini "Gaydelager" (kufuphi Dębica), kwaye ke igosa nokudaleka kwi regiments amapolisa.

Ukusebenzisa kwempi yokuqala

Ekuqaleni kuka-1944 ukusuka Berlin siveza umyalelo ongxamisekileyo kwi imfuneko yokwakhiwa yokuqala i "amaqela idabi" ukulwa luqalile iPoland USSR. Ngokukhawuleza kwasekwa nomkhosi, wanikwa ibhetri lwemipu ukukhanya, ngoko iqela saa ekwimimandla emelene Poland. Ngoko ke 14 Grenadier Division of the SS "Compostela" waqalisa indlela yayo ehlazisayo ngokwenene.

ukwakheka Zizonke amaqela efanayo sele igqityiwe ngemini, nto leyo ibiya Isibali-ukuhlaselwa ngabavukeli kummandla mzi. Kamva, inkokheli lwamaNazi Kwaqondwa ukuba zombini ezi yunithi "esebenza ngempumelelo." Kodwa amaJamani libonisa unanimity umxhelo, kunokuba uzama ukupeyinta ngakumbi le "impumelelo".

Noko ke, kucacile ukuba "ngenkalipho walwa" Division kuphela imikhosi awongamileyo, wakhetha ukuhlasela kuqala kwi abahlali bengaxhobanga. Ngaphandle ukuba ngenene akukho jika, "amajoni akhaliphileyo" wangena qha lomlilo kunye luqalile, ekulweni i-SS Division "Compostela" enyanisweni, yaye iye yasekwa ngayo.

I 'uqulukubhode' yokuqala Compostela

amabutho Soviet nethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo ukuba zifake le uqhagamshelo archive lizukileyo, nto leyo yaye ukhonza ubungqina njengoko elingenakuphikiswa umlo "impumelelo" lwe Ukrainian bezwe. Kukho ingxelo kangangokuba waba ngowokuqala ukuba webutho yesine ... beza Iyonke kwalimala malunga ezili-12 nalwa luqalile. Ngenxa yokusebenza evela umhlaba wazisula kwilali Guta Penyatskaya kunye Benyaki. Izindlu isizwe anesibindi itshiswe. Kunye nabemi bawo, kakade. Xa zizonke, babulele ubuncinane 800 abahlali amahlwempu, phakathi kwakukho abafazi kunye nabantwana abaninzi. Noko ke, iflegi SS Division "Compostela" akazange ingqalelo ibhanile emkhosini ngenene, ngenxa yokuba phantsi komthunzi walo walwa kuphela "wenqaba 'amagosa aseJamani kunye isizwe ezikhethiweyo, lowo iinkosi zabo kwaye abantu ingqalelo.

Xa somfundisi Ternopil Ukrainian Wehrmacht waya ngakumbi. Xa ukuba balwe ngenxa amaJamani akwazi ukuba baphinde babe yinxalenye aloo mzi, izilwanyana nje waze basindileyo kwenye bamabandla kaThixo, ngoko bonke itshiswe. In Lviv wabo babulala malunga namawaka abantu Zolochev inxaxheba ekubulaweni kwenqwaba wamajoni wathimba ye-Red Army. Olesko idolophu encinane okunene zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo, kodwa yabulala abantu 300 "kuphela".

Oku 'ukupha "ngenxa yokuba abanye abemi wagxothelwa ngebhaxa eJamani. Ukuba bekungekho amaJamani abasweleyo amakhoboka, igazi ndichithe ngakumbi. Isizwe Bathanda ukumbulala abo bangakwazanga kubanika uxhathiso. Eneneni, Division SS "Compostela" Kwaqondwa nonke kule inkalo ethile ngembali yawo.

intlekele Brody

Kodwa ke jikani, aba "amajoni akhaliphileyo 'ukudibana mu lupwa ngokwenene amajoni yobungcali, kungekhona abahlali bengaxhobanga. SS Division "Compostela" phantsi Brody waba "iimbumbulu ngokupheleleyo", ziyaxhotyiswa nejoni ukusuka 29, 30 kunye regiments 31. Ngaphezu koko, iye yenziwa eninzi abalwa kwezinye kusitsha.

Ngelo xesha, xa layo "ezintlwini ezukileyo," ukuba amagosa 346, non-wayalela igosa amajoni 1131 no 13822. Ngenxa yoko, amandla ogcweleyo yaba 15.299 amagorha. Ukusuka 'imbiza Brody "ngokungenzekelanga kwasinda 1,000 kwaye 1,200 izilwi reserve nomkhosi, abo unethamsanqa elaneleyo ukuba aphume encirclement.

ezingamakhulu aliqela isizwe ikwazile osalayo ngaphandle encirclement kumaqela amancinane, nto leyo ukuthintelwa ngxabano evulekileyo kunye namajoni Soviet. Zizonke amawaka 15 basinda hayi ngaphezulu kwe 1/5 wabaqeshwa. Le nto waphinda ukuqinisekisile ukuba nje ukuthi imikhosi amapolisa edabini Ayinakuvula fanelaka. Yonke "anobukroti 'yabo kuphela inkohlakalo nxamnye umphakathi kunye namabanjwa, amajoni engaxhobanga.

Nangona kunjalo, lo omkhulu ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo SS Division "Compostela". Emva kwedabi Brody ukuba kudlula ixesha.

Further yokulwa indlela

NgoFebruwari 1944, kukho ibutho wesine watshintshelwa phantsi Ternopil, apho amalungu ayo ababandakanyekayo kwezithandani yentlangano yabanqolobi. Kamva, babeba kwiimeko manqapha phambili amajoni Soviet uxhathiso.

Intsalela ukwahlulwa sakhutshelwa eFransi, apho kwaqhutywa uqeqesho emkhosini. Entwasahlobo phantse zonke isizwe bathunyelwa Noygamer. Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha baye baqhubeka ukusebenzisa ekulweni i-French Resistance.

Ngenxa yoko, ibali SS Division "Compostela" ngengqiqo yasemkhosini, ngokwenene elihlazo ngokupheleleyo: imfazwe yokwenene Ukraine inxaxheba kuphela ukususela ngoMatshi ukuya kuJulayi. Emva kokuba kwaphulwa ngokupheleleyo Brody, ngeempahla zakhe nemfesane ukuhlengahlengisa ngokupheleleyo isebe yamapolisa, kwaye ke isetyenziswe kuphela kulo.

Slovakia ne esasiya

Ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha 1944 waphumla isizwe, ogama ezintlwini ngoko bophalazwa kakhulu 'ntliziyo' baqashwa ngqo esitratweni, wathumela eSlovakia. Kukho "Aryans anesibindi" Sizibandakanye into eqhelekileyo kunye mnandi kakhulu ngokwakhe, abathintela intshukumo yabanqolobi. "Izicima Dirlivangera" yayisaziwa ngenxa yenkohlakalo ekungenisweni Ukraine. amalungu alo babesakhunjulwa kakuhle e Belarus, njengoko isazela ubomi babo abaninzi ngenkohlakalo bahlukunyezwa abantu.

Apho SS Division "Compostela" ingaba enye ke wathumela? Brody wabonisa ngokugqibeleleyo ukuba isizwe ephuthileyo ukulwa iiyunithi rhoqo imikhosi Soviet, kodwa ngenxa yokuba bathunyelwa laseCarinthia, apho bamsukela kuzinze waseYugoslavia. Apha Galicians kwaye wachitha zonke iinyanga yokugqibela imfazwe.

Ngowe-1945 oko kuphosa amajoni eselapha kummandla waseJamani, ezama ukunyanzela ubuncinane kanye "ngenkalipho ukubonakalisa ifuthe imikhosi Soviet." ithemba Ize. Kamsinya nje amalaphu anomyalezo kumgama glimmer imikhosi UK "amadoda nesibindi Ukraine" kunye kweso bagxalathelana ekuthinjweni. Yaba ukwahlulwa yokugqibela Nyathela SS "Compostela" emfazweni.

Kwidolophu Tamsweg, apho amabanjwa zabanjwa, amaBritane kusekwa kwinqanaba ukuhluza apho ekuqaleni kakhulu wabanjwa ngempumelelo amajoni SS. Fritz Freitag alimwi ezi ndaba wawela ukudangala emnyama nokuzibulala. indawo yayo yathathwa yi-Polish Colonel Paul Shandruk. Noko ke, ixesha lubonise engalunganga ngokucacileyo Freitag. post IsiNgesi ngokusebenzisa engamanzi avuza amawaka Galicians, ngubani ngokupheleleyo kuhlala eNgilani.

"Midsomer ewolo"

Kwenzeka ntoni "abantu abalwa anesibindi" eli candelo, abo ke ngenkalipho bagaleleka mabanikezele ibanjwa IsiNgesi? Awu, kodwa nakwizibetho zabo yiyona ndlela ilungileyo. Zininzi kwimbali nobungqina ukuba ngo-1945 i-UK waba malunga namawaka asibhozo amajoni, ababekhonza nje enye kwi "Compostela".

Njengoko of 1999 owayehlala eNgilani ubuncinane enye enesiqingatha eliwaka-nxaxheba ngqo iziganeko, kwakunye nenzala yabo. Urhulumente UK kakhulu delves madolw 'anzima ukuya kule mibuzo. Yabangamawaka asibhozo swigevenga imfazwe British phantsi ... umntu omnye. Oku "lucky" Anton Sevenyuk.

Yintoni isizathu sokuba ukunyaniseka enjalo? Into yokuba uzinikele "amadoda anesibindi" njengegama elinye ... izibonda, ngubani nje kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, wabulawa kabuhlungu. Khangela ngokufanele kwaye musa ukuba, akurhawukanga umdla British egazini. Ngapha koko, kungekhona emizaneni yabo needolophu batshiswa ezi zilwanyana.

Ngeminyaka yee-90 i-ofisi eyahlukileyo, nto leyo angathanda ukuba nenxaxheba 'ukuba kuthinjwe mthetho imfazwe lwamaNazi, "yaye zayeka ukubakhona kwaphela. zabaxhasi bakaHitler, ngubani ngempumelelo kwiNgxowa-British, ekugqibeleni wayeka ukuba woyike ubuncinane ezinye isoyikiso sesichengeni kunye nesohlwayo. Phantse zonke amaxwebhu kwimeko ngoku eMelika.

Ngokubanzi, abahlali Albion Division of the SS "Compostela" kakuhle yaziwa. A film ngaye, nto leyo yenziwa eNgilani, ngathi isizwe walihlawulisa zenkohlakalo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye wenza ingongoma yokuba uninzi lwamajoni, okanye aqeshwa ngenkani, okanye siwele "kuvuselelwa angxamele zothando Ukraine." Loo nto nje akukho nanye kwezi zibakala akuthethi ukuthethelela izenzo zabo zenkohlakalo.

ezikhoyo ngoku

Imbali enjalo hambo, namhlanje uye ntlokoma yayo. Ngenxa yoko, i-SS Division "Compostela" iflegi anokubonwa kwi ezinye zeziganeko yabanjwa imibutho engekho sikweni, abaye ndilibele nokubindeka bazisa ezi nonhumans.