Elona mali umsebenzisi kwintsapho yabantu 4. Ingcamango mali lomthengi minimum kunye nexabiso layo. Yintoni idityanisiwe mali yabathengi minimum?

Nakule bonke abantu, ukususela emphaya kakhulu kwaye ukuvela amaziko ezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho kuluntu lwanamhlanje, ulwazi malunga nemeko yabemi kubaluleke kakhulu. Loo nto ibonisa inqanaba lophuhliso karhulumente.

ixesha New - amagama amatsha

Ekuphuhliseni uluntu namhlanje, kukhatshwa ukuvela amaziko afana nawezentlalo nezoqoqosho. Kunye nale nkqubo ephuculweyo uhlalutyo imigangatho yokuphila. neemfuno kuphela komzimba ngokuhamba kwexesha wangena imvelaphi, kunye nakummandla ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziqhelekileyo yabemi kwaphuma ukuya kwindawo yokuqala. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 iye yatshintsha ngemeko yezentlalo neyokusasazeka le planethi, ukwanda imveliso kunye nemfundo yabantu. Konke oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela iimfuno ngokomgangatho entsha ekuhloleni iimeko zokuphila zabemi. Kukho kufika ixesha iimfazwe ezinkulu-isikali ukuyila zobugcisa. Ngeli xesha, uvavanyo imeko yentlalo iyakhula zibalulekile kwezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko. Nokufika iindlela ezintsha manani, lwezenhlalo, zezibalo ingqikelelo "umgangatho wokuphila" lifikelele kwinqanaba elitsha.

imigangatho esisiseko social

Namhlanje, ezi ziquka:

• umvuzo Ubuncinane kunye neenzuzo nokukhubazeka (ixesha), ngqesho imbuyekezo abemi omeleleyo, inkamnkam zentlalo kunye wabantu abakhubazekileyo, abantu abakhubazekileyo, abadala.
• Scholarship zabafundi,-off omnye okanye iintlawulo rhoqo inani eliphantsi-mali.

Bebonke bakha inkqubo sotsgaranty ubuncinane. Zabo software - Ngumsebenzi karhulumente. Abemi unalo ilungelo lokufumana wemivuzo, imali ye pension yabasebenzi, inzuzo ye-inshorensi, kuquka iingenelo ukugula, intswelangqesho, unonophelo lwabantwana ekuqaleni, kubeleka njalo njalo, kwakunye neenkonzo ezifunekayo simahla entsimini kwenkcubeko, ezempilo kunye nemfundo. Undoqo nkqubo yentlalo karhulumente Lomqulu amaholo. Nalo kufuneka ukunxibelelana zonke ezinye iziqinisekiso zentlalo kunye nemigangatho.

Ezisetyenziswa ziphele-kwengeniso: ulwazi ngokubanzi, yokuhlela

Formation of the amanqaku uthelekiso agcina Kubalulekile ukuba ulawulo ngendlela eyiyo na kuqoqosho. Ngokutsho iziphumo kuphothulwe ukuba, kangangoko imisebenzi efanelekileyo yaye iluncedo, yaye yintoni na kuyimfuneko ukwenza utshintsho ukuphucula le meko. Ukungqinelana iqondo ngokwanelisa iimfuno ahluka:

• Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali yabathengi minimum. Yenziwe ngokubhekiselele kwiimfuno izinto zemihla ngemihla.
• A lwabiwo enengqondo. Xa umzobo up iindleko zawo elingathathwanga ezikhoyo kunye ezingenayo, kwakunye nezikhombisi ezivela iingcamango yesayensi-based malunga neemfuno kunye nezithethe zokusasaza. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ucwangcise unxaxho lwabiwo lombane kanye. Kusebenza isikhokelo ibonisa ukuba yintoni na ukuhanjiswa kwempahla ebalulekileyo "bekufanele".
• mali elite. Yenziwe samaqela abanemivuzo ephezulu.

Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi mali yabathengi ubuncinane. It iqulathe, njengoko umthetho, abakhokeli ikhaya. Umzekelo, i-mali yabathengi ubuncinane losapho 4 itafile. Xa elinye zonke iimali ezifunyenwe ixesha elithile, kwaye enye - loo iindleko ngexesha elifanayo. Enye indlela yenziwa lwabiwo-avareji. Kulo imali yetyala neendleko kunomyinge wesizwe. Oku kuthatha ingqalelo engobozini yomboleki. Kwaye ke mali ubuncinane nkonzo, kunye nomndilili, kwaye real zilungiselelwe ngokuhambelana kwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani ezifunyenwe ngethuba lezifundo ezikhethekileyo ingeniso kunye nenkcitho. Njengoko umthetho, isifundo oluqhutywa qho ngekota. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali yabathengi ubuncinane i-Russian Federation yenziwe ngokungqinelana kwizifundo zobalo kwizixeko enabantu abangaphezu ikhulu lamawaka, ematyotyombeni 32 amancinci naphakathi-ertyisi, iindawo zokuhlala 58 ezisemaphandleni. Phezu kwalo lonke, sasifunda kumakhaya malunga namawaka amahlanu.

Kubalo-mali lomthengi minimum

Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zisetyenziswa ekumiseleni kwiziphawuli:

1. Olumisiweyo. Kulo mzekelo, isiseko kwezithethe owamkelweyo ukusetyenziswa kweenkonzo nempahla, kwakunye eyona iindleko zabo.
2. Statistical. Esebenzisa le ndlela, uhlahlo abathengi lincinane ziqulunqwe ngokwendlela yecash zengeniso, bengethixo ke xa ukulahlwa yabemi.
3. Luhlangene. Kulo mzekelo, sithabathela ingqalelo nemigangatho ukutya kunye ndleko sezibhaliwe nezinye izinto.
4. Ezikhathazayo. Le ndlela isekelwe phezu uluvo loluntu uphando nengcali.
5. Resource. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali yabathengi Ubuncinane kule meko ngokungqinelana urhulumente ukubonelela ngamathuba anika abemi amaxesha ukuhlangabezana neemfuno izinto zemihla ngemihla.

Ezisetyenziswa ziphele, ingeniso can be yenziwe nje kuphela amaqela athile abantu; kodwa ngenxa kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zelo lizwe.

Elona mali yabathengi yase Russia

ixesha ngalinye amagama kwinqanaba elithile kakuhle-ntle eziphathekayo, apho olukhutshelweyo zabasebenzi kunye labemi kuya kumpompoza ngokuqhelekileyo. Ekwenzeni izinto ezisetyenziswa ziphele-ingeniso ukuze neendidi iinkonzo kunye neemveliso. Isibakala sokuba yinxalenye mali lomthengi ubuncinane, uthathwa ukuba babe eziyimfuneko ngalo unokuncunyiswa yeemfuno ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, ezi ziquka izihlangu, iimpahla, ukutya, impahla, izinto yococeko, amayeza kunye njalo njalo. Ixabiso le mali lomthengi lincinane kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba apho imikhosi imveliso ye eli lizwe. Kwiimeko ezininzi nokulungiselela amanqaku ikhutshwa phandle phinda imigangatho kunye nemigangatho ye entengo. Ukuba akakho, ngoko ke isiseko ngokuthatha data ngqo. Njengoko isiseko, apho inkqubo yesizwe yokhuseleko eziphathekayo, enza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lomthengi minimum kunye neendleko zokuphila. Umahluko phakathi kwabo Senziwe ixabiso ngesakhiwo kunye nokusasazwa kweemveliso imiqulu. Ingcamango mali lomthengi ubuncinane ubonelela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, olubalelwa imali ethile ngokomoya. Ngokubanzi, oko kuquka iindleko loluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo kunye nempahla. Ngoko ke, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali yabathengi Ubuncinane waba ngaphezu amaxesha 3-4.

imeko yezentlalo noqoqosho labemi

A ixabiso elikhulu ngokwaneleyo kule abalinganiswa asemgangathweni wokuphila yaba utshintsho ngcembe ukusuka 'ummi avareji "ukuze indlu. Iye yaba yinqontsonqa yayo yonke Izifundo zentlalo. Negalelo kule sigqibo ngo-1992, le nkqubo kwinkqubo akhawunti yesizwe. Elo xesha lokuqala labantu luchazwa njengesifundo ngokupheleleyo izakhiwo zoqoqosho. Ukuze ufumane uvavanyo enomongo kwinqanaba lwentlalo noqoqosho kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo ukuba ibhajethi abathengi lincinane ezinxulumene kunye neendidi ezithile ingeniso kunye nobutyebi kunye nophuhliso lwezentlalo-yezibalo. Namhlanje, ukwanda kakhulu ingqalelo iimfuno yokhuseleko labantu.

Uhlalutyo le meko

Living ImiGangatho yokuHlola lwenzelwa kumasipala wonke. Oku kuthatha ingqalelo:

• Iimpahla wabutha.
• nemigangatho umgangatho wobomi yamkelwe luluntu kwi kuvavanyo yengeniso.
• yokonga imali.
• Iinkcitho nokuselwa.
• izinto Ukhuseleko inkcubeko, ezorhwebo, izindlu, ubugcisa, unxibelelwano, ukuthuthwa, iinkonzo kubathengi, ezemfundo, ezempilo, njalo njalo.
• ukhuselo State of kumaqela asemngciphekweni.
• Umthamo kweemveliso non-ukutya ukutyiwa.

Izalathisi ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yovavanyo ye:

• Umvuzo.
• inqanaba sokuqhubeka ezithile amaqela demographic.
• Okuthenga amandla avela Wed. s / n ne pension.
• Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lomthengi zisezantsi abantu ethile yezibalo.
• Iindleko Imali kunye ngongeniselo ezinkulu abemi.
• Inani kunye inani labantu ingeniso iiyunithi eziqikelelwa ngaphantsi kwe komzimba (subsistence) kunye nohlahlo kwabathengi ubuncinane.
• Ukusasazwa zokutya kumakhaya anengeniso ezahlukeneyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo

Njengoko kumi iindleko zokuphila. Ukutolikwa yale nkcazelo enikwe kubonelelo methodological izibalo. irekhodi yakhe, ukuba ukujonga apho isiseko mali lomthengi ubuncinane, ezinxulumene ne kudidi kweziqinisekiso zentlalo zikarhulumente. Siveza iimfuno komzimba zezinto ezibalulekile zabantu. kwenqanaba lokuphila imisela inqanaba ukusetyenziswa kweenkonzo nempahla, egqalwa ezaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

scope

kwenqanaba lokuphila, ngaphandle kokuba ezinxulumene nenkqubo karhulumente sotsgaranty esetyenziselwa ukumisela umgca intlupheko, lisebenza njengesiseko zokusekwa umahluko umvuzo, imihlala-phantsi, izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo kunye ezonwabisayo. Oku kusetyenziswa ekubaleni inzuzo kubemi abasweleyo.

izinto zokuqhagamshelwa

Ukuzimisela sokutya njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, yenzelwa usebenzisa ubuncinane i parameters mali ukusetyenziswa. Kulo mzekelo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo inqanaba yengeniso ikuvumela ukuba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabantu ngokungqinelana nemigangatho nokomzimba. Nabo ke, kufuneka ukuba ukuhlawula inkcitho amandla umzimba ukuze abantwana kunye nokukhula, abadala yobomi, ekugcineni impilo ebudaleni kunye neendleko nezinye iinkonzo kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko. Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-abathengi Ubuncinane umiselwe ngokuxhomekeke kubudala, isini kunye nendawo kunye nemisebenzi yabantu eqhubekayo. Ixabiso wayo ngamaxesha kwakhona ngokungqinelana Dynamics amaxabiso. Ukuchaza kubaluleke kakhulu ixabiso le ibhaskiti nkonzo.

imigangatho esisiseko

Suite yemveliso ezifakwe ngokungqinelana ubungakanani ubuncinane ukusetyenziswa amandla le Institute kunye inxaxheba WHO. Ubuncinane ibhaskiti eyohlulwe kwimimandla zezulu 8. Ulwahlulwa-mmandla wenziwe ngokungqinelana novavanyo ubungakanani ezenza ukuba ukumisela iimfuno zenkcubeko eziphathekayo labemi, kuxhomekeka kwiimeko apho ahlala labemi. Standards Funding for impahla non-ukutya kunye neenkonzo, kwakunye neentlawulo mandatory zisetwe ukuya isabelo iindleko usapho, kunye umvuzo omncinane. Njengoko iinkcukacha ezigcinwayo na isakhiwo yezinto zokufunda ixabisa-10% abemi kunye nokhuseleko liphantsi.

Ukuhlolwa ntle

Ukudala iimeko azivumi ukuba kwenziwe kuyimfuneko nje kuphela ukuze isebenze kakuhle indlu, kodwa ukuba bacwangcise ngokufanelekileyo mali yabathengi ubuncinane. Family 4 unokuba ezingenayo zilandelayo:

• Salary.
• ingeniso Property.
• inzuzo zeShishini.
• izibonelelo zikarhulumente (umhlala-phantsi, izibonelelo, yokufunda, iinkonzo free).
• Ingeniso evela kweminye imithombo (lilifa, umzekelo).

Ngenkcitho icala unakho kuba nezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Irhafu.
• inshorensi Social.
• Ukutya.
• Wazikrazula, eziluncedo.
• Izihlangu kunye nempahla.
• Imishini.
• Furniture.
• Transport.
• Entertainment.
• Education.
• Ukuqhubeka.
• Iindawo ezinika umdla.
• impahla Industrial.
• Ezinye iindleko.

Imali eyingeniso kakhulu phakathi iingeniso zibe ezininzi iintsapho imivuzo kunye nenzuzo yokusebenza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba amisele ntle yentsapho. Le ingeniso ebonakalayo elandelayo baxhasa propati. Oku kube irente, iirenti, iintlawulo zezabelo, inzala njalo njalo. Kwicala inkcitho, indawo yokuqala asezikhundleni inkcitho ekutyeni. Xa iintsapho ingeniso ungaphantsi ubuncinane, ukuba zomyalelo 60-90%, kwaye isivuno eliphezulu - 42%. Kwi-US, ngenxa kuthelekiswa, le limi kuma-25.4%, e-Japan - 25-30%. Ngokutsho uphando olwenziwa ziingcali yaseMelika, umthamo ekhaya ekuqaleni ezi 90. Leyo mali 34.4% yenqanaba eUnited States, impahla - 39%, kunye neemveliso - 54%. Ukwenza imali, khumbula ukuba uninzi iindleko angamanga ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, abezoqoqosho basekhaya ubaseke ukuba yi-90 ekuqaleni 'waphoswa ngokomyalelo 15-20% yemveliso yokubhaka. Emva kokuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso abantu baqalisa babaphatha kakuhle ngakumbi. Ke ezinye iimveliso (inyama, ubisi), umkhaya ezandleni zakhe baphulukana malunga 4-12% kwingeniso epheleleyo.

imithetho emiselweyo

Ingqiqo "ibhaskiti umsebenzisi" kuqala ngo-1992 yi umongameli. Ke bekucingelwa ukuba lo ngumlinganiselo wexeshana ngexesha lentlekele. Ekumiseni kwafika uMaqoma evela yokuba inani labantu ezinye uhlobo ukudla, ehamba efama. UMthetho elawula jikelele, esithathwe ngoMatshi ka-2006. Phantsi koMthetho, nengobozi yandisiwe share inyama kunye neemveliso zentlanzi, ubisi, amaqanda, iswekile kunye nemifuno. Ngelo xesha nye lancitshiswa amazinga ukusetyenziswa itapile kunye nesonka. Ngokutsho uGqirha Baturina, nengobozi ayenzelwanga ukuyidla nani le ndlela. Limela umgangatho kwezoqoqosho kuphela, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba unako ukwenza ukutya yesiqhelo ngokwezonyango mihla le mali umthengi ubuncinane, apho oko kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuqinisekisa ababephile qete.

Ekuphetheni

Eyona njongo ephambili yale naluphi na uluntu namhlanje sixhasa ekuphuculeni ubomi bebonke. Urhulumente kufuneka abonelele iimeko ithembisa ukuba sempilweni, ekhuselekileyo, elide kunye nempumelelo ebomini. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa nokudalwa uzinzo lwezentlalo nezoqoqosho eluntwini. Imigangatho eyamkelwe phesheya, yahluke kakhulu ukusuka ekhaya. Ngelo xesha ahlawule ingqalelo into yokuba ukutya kumazwe aphuhlileyo wachitha ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha ingeniso. Inxalenye enkulu kubo ithunyelwa eziluncedo kunye nezindlu. Ke ibhaskithi yabathengi Russian, oku kwakhona eyahlukileyo ngokwesiseko kulowo Koloni. Rhoqo zawo, wazimisa imivuzo ephantsi kunye neenzuzo. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lomthengi Ubuncinane kude nayo zimbi. Isibakala sokuba oko kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi - ingobozi enye, umvuzo lincinane njalo njalo.