Yintoni GDP kwezoqoqosho? imveliso yasekhaya Gross

Umntu eziqhelekileyo akukho imfundo kwezoqoqosho kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba yintoni GDP. Xa ezoqoqosho, eli nani ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokusekelwe kuwo, sinako ukuqikelela inqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho kweli lizwe kunye nokhuphiswano yayo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe.

imveliso yasekhaya Gross (GDP) - iseti impahla (iimpahla kunye neenkonzo), eveliswe abahlali kummandla kwilizwe elithile kangangonyaka, ochazwa amaxabiso imveliso yokugqibela.

Ngamafutshane, imveliso kwesambuku - inani elipheleleyo lempahla kunye neenkonzo eziveliswe onke amashishini kunye nemibutho yelizwe ngexesha lokunika ingxelo elinikiweyo (unyaka wekhalenda ngokuqhelekileyo kuqikelelwa).

Yintoni GDP kwezoqoqosho?

Esi salathisi ibaluleke kakhulu kuvavanyo ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho. imveliso yasekhaya Gross luphawulwa izinga lokukhula kunye neqondo yophuhliso lwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-GDP isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umgangatho wempilo yabemi karhulumente. I elikhulu inani, i ephakamileyo kuthathwa umgangatho wokuphila (ukudibanisa phakathi indices ephila, kodwa kufuneka usetyenziswe, kunye nezinye izalathisi ezininzi ngqo zoqoqosho).

Imveliso wesiqhelo kunye real GDP

GDP unokuba kweentlobo ezimbini:

1. NOMINAL (ebalwe ngamaxabiso ixesha langoku).
2. Real (kubalwa kwixesha elidlulileyo amaxabiso ezifanayo). Amaninzi, ukuze ukuthelekisa amaxabiso kunyaka odlulileyo zithathwa.

Ukubalwa GDP kuvumela Nokwethisa isiphumo kwi izinga lokukhula kwamaxabiso kunye ukujonga ukunyuka kuqoqosho karhulumente.

Amaninzi, i-GDP ibalwa ngo lwemali lobulali, ngoko ke, ukuba kukho imfuneko ukuthelekisa amanani ezichaphazelekayo kumazwe ahlukeneyo, oko iguqulelwe kolunye uhlobo lwemali ngeqondo lonaniselwano efanelekileyo. Ukwandisa umthamo GDP emhlabeni wonke yile ilandelayo (2013).

Buyela (iseti) indlela yokubala GDP

Yintoni GDP kwezoqoqosho? Oku, okokuqala, izinga isekelwe uhlolo inzuzo lwabanini of imiba yemveliso. Calculation kwenzeka summation zabo. Kulo mzekelo, imali ye-GDP iquka amacandelo alandelayo:

• W - isixa esipheleleyo umvuzo ehlawulwa bonke abasebenzi beli lizwe (zombini abahlali kunye non-abahlali);
• Q - ubungakanani iminikelo zokhuseleko loluntu labantu;
• R - nzuzo (gross);
• P - ingeniso mixed (gross);
• T - irhafu (yokungenisa kunye nemveliso).

Ngoko ke, indlela yokubala ebalwe ngu: GDP = W + Q + R + P + T

Ukusetyenziswa (imveliso) indlela

Inani labemi ngethuba umsebenzi wakhe, ukuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwaneentlobo imveliso yokugqibela (ithetha iimveliso okanye iinkonzo ukuba abe ixabiso ezithile). Kuyinto wokuhlangana beendleko zoluntu ukuze afumane imveliso yomsebenzi lokugqibela kwaye iza kuba iyonke kwimveliso yasekhaya. Ekubaleni of GDP nesivuno zishwankathelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• C - iindleko labantu kwiimfuno umthengi;
• Ig - labucala equity ukumnika kuqoqosho (gross);
• G - yokuthenga karhulumente (ukuthengwa urhulumente kweempahla kunye neenkonzo)
• Nx - ezithunyelwa net (umahluko phakathi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle nezingenayo karhulumente).

GDP ibalwa yi wokubala: GDP = C + Ig + G + nx

Ukubalwa-value added

Economics Institute ivumela yokubala isixa GDP ixabiso. Le ndlela ivumela ukuba ufumane eyona echanileyo GDP, njengoko uphosa intermediates ukuba ngempazamo zobalelwa ekuthini lokugqibela ubuchule ekuxoxwe ngazo ngaphambili. Oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa ekubaleni value added ukuphelisa amathuba ukubalwa kabini. izikhombisi Ebeka yongeze ixabiso zonke iimpahla kunye neenkonzo kweli lizwe, unako ngokuthembekileyo ukubala GDP. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-value added - na ixabiso lemakethi iimpahla kuthatyathwe iindleko zokwakha kunye izinto ezithengwe kubathengisi.

GDP ngamnye

Enye nezalathi zentsebenzo ezibalulekileyo kunye inqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho karhulumente. Ngaba siqingqwe ngokwahlula-GDP iyonke inani abemi belo lizwe kwaye ibonisa zingaphi iimveliso mani ezenziwa ixesha elithile, nge-avareji ukuba ummi ngamnye karhulumente. Kwakhona, eli nani ubizwa ngokuba "kwengeniso yelizwe".

Iyasetyenziswa rhoqo Isalathisi lophuhliso lwezoqoqosho le mveliso ezizenzekelayo (GNP), esishwankathela imveliso yokugqibela kuveliswa kwintsimi lizwe nakwamanye amazwe. Imeko ephambili kukuba nomvelisi iimveliso ababehlala kuloo State.

Yintoni GDP kwezoqoqosho kunye nendima yayo ekuhlalutyeni utshintsho sele sifundile. Ngoko ke zintoni GDP weli hlabathi namhlanje?

Simo lamazwe yi GDP ngama

Lo mlinganiselo senziwa ngokwesiseko iguqulelwe iidola emarikeni (mhlawumbi kumiselwe ngabasemagunyeni), izinga GDP wesiqhelo. Uqoqosho lwehlabathi kumisa ukwenzela ukuba inani kumazwe asakhasayo noko asezantsi, lo gama kuphuhliswa - into zabaxwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba oko kuthathelwa ingqalelo umahluko kwamaxabiso iimveliso ezifana kumazwe awahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo, abalishumi phezulu, ngokutsho IMF ngo-2013, yaye imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Simo lamazwe yi GDP ngama -capita nganye

Inqanaba GDP ngamnye kubonisa, kodwa hayi isalathisi lichaneke kakhulu kuqoqosho, njengoko kuthe kwasala ezichaphazela Ungabalelwayo sophuhliso loshishino loqoqosho, iindleko zemveliso, umgangatho wayo, kwakunye nezinye izinto ebalulekileyo ngokulinganayo yenkqubo yoqoqosho.

Uluhlu amazwe ali-10 kunye namanqanaba aphezulu GDP ngamnye, ngokutsho IMF ngo-2013, yaye imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

ukukhula koqoqosho Russian kuyehla ngxaki

iinkqubo crisis Global, kwakunye inani lemiba luluvo zoqoqosho ziye zabangela ukuba 2013-2014 ehlile kwaye kuqoqosho Russia. Of GDP, ngokulandelelana, wakhula ngokucothayo kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho Alekseya Ulyukaeva, ngubani ophethe isikhundla uMphathiswa woPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho of the Russian Federation, 2013 yayi kuqoqosho Russian emva konyaka ntlekele-2008. Yakhe phezu kwesambuku semveliso eRashiya siyongezwa njengoko ngokukhawuleza njengoko kulindelekile. Ngenxa yoko, ukunyuka GDP kulindeleke yehle isebe kwi 3.6% kwixesha ekuqaleni ukuya 2.4% ngoJuni yaye ekugqibeleni 1.4% ngoDisemba.

Imeko kushishino kwa aphelelwe lithemba. Ukuba imigodi usaqhubeka ukunyuka kancinane, nkqu lemveliso wabonisa ukwehla okuncinane. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso hit yi 0.5% ngaphezu kulindelwe.

Izizathu kwentlekele kuqoqosho Russian

Ngaloo ndlela, sinako ukubona imiqondiso yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho Russian. Kuyo kukho izizathu nomgomo zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela-2: bangaphakathi kunye nabangaphandle.

kwiimeko zangaphakathi

1. Uqoqosho ke imodeli ekrwada. Kulo mzekelo, isabelo enkulu ingeniso kwezoqoqosho kungenxa ikrwada izinto kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo ekugqibeleni ediniwe. Kwakhona lwehlisa umthamo imveliso iimveliso zasekhaya kunye nokhuphisano yayo.
2. Iingxaki kunye nomtsalane investment. Le meko ibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwemimandla ngamnye kweli lizwe ubukho utyalo-mali kwicandelo yokwenene kuqoqosho. Namhlanje, abatyali-mali abaninzi amazwe nakuwe kukungabikho amancedo ezikhuselweyo kunokwenzeka. Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko ukuba athathe amanyathelo ukudala inkqubo-sikhokelo zomthetho mihla, kwakunye nokukhuthaza iinkqubo umanyaniso ngamazwe.
3. iindleko eziphezulu lweeprojekthi zoshishino. Le ntetho ibhekisa kwinkcitho kakhulu kwi-asethi ezisisigxina, imivuzo, irenti yesakhiwo kunye nemimandla, kwakunye neendleko zemveliso ezinxulumene. Kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza iseti amanyathelo ekunciphiseni iindleko.

ezingaphandle

1. Ukwehla kwezoqoqosho jikelele eYurophu. Uphuhliso loqoqosho ihlabathi nokungazinzi koqoqosho kwaye lukhatshwa amahla ndinyuka.
2. ukwehla kwi angaphandle (zombini iindleko kunye ubukhulu emzimbeni). Ngenxa zombini oludodobalayo yaseYurophu kwezoqoqosho, kunye nokudinwa eluhlaza izinto imodeli Uphuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuba boyise umbhodamo kwezoqoqosho kuyimfuneko ukuba nokulungiswa shishino, ukuphucula imozulu utyalo-mali, ngokunjalo ithemba ukuphuculwa iintsingiselo jikelele kuqoqosho lwehlabathi.