Yintoni i GDP?

Sonke wakha weva ukuba kukho into efana GDP, kwaye oko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba lizwe. Kwaye abanye khumbula indlela V. Putin kwincopho imisebenzi kamongameli 'umnwe ukuba' ukwandisa GDP kangangoko kabini kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi. Kulungile, nantsi eyona nyaniso, yena Imelwe yimincili kancinci. Noko ke, abaninzi kuthi na andazi, nokuba malunga, yintoni GDP.

Le isifinyezo lithetha "imveliso yasekhaya". Ukuze athi ngolwimi olulula, i-GDP - yitotali udibaniso zonke iimpahla kunye neenkonzo ezithe zaveliswa kwixesha elithile (unyaka okanye ikota) ukutyiwa zasekhaya kwakunye ukugcinwa kunye kumazwe angaphandle. Xa oku luboniswa iyonke elingana nexabiso imveliso. Ukuze ngokufanelekileyo kunye iimpazamo ncinci ukubala kwinqanaba GDP, esithathwe eziliqela kweentlobo zakhe. I-lwazi ezithathwe koko kuthelekiswa, neboniswe isiphumo echanekileyo kakhulu.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na GDP, yaye ukubala ubungakanani bayo, kufuneka ukufumanisa ngokwahlukeneyo GDP ingundoqo (ebalwe ngamaxabiso kwexesha lengxelo), yaye emva koko ngokwahlukileyo ukubala GDP lokwenene (amaxabiso kunyaka ophelileyo ngaphandle inflation). La manani thelekisa uze ufumane umfanekiso kuphuhliso loqoqosho kunye ukwanda okanye ukuhla komgangatho GDP ngonyaka ngamnye. Ukuba senza izibalo ezilula kunye ixabiso lilonke GDP lahlulwe ngenani labantu ngokwaseburhulumenteni, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ufumane umlinganiselo ubukhulu, oluba wonke ummi Russian. Ukuba senza ukubala enjalo kwelinye ilizwe, wena unako ngokulula ukuthelekisa inqanaba lophuhliso lwala mazwe mabini. Ukuze ukubeka ngakumbi nje, ukuba uphendule umbuzo malunga yintoni na GDP, ngolu hlobo. Yeyona isixa yonke into edla abantu, imali karhulumente, kumazwe angaphandle, utyalo-mali, kwempahla net.

Oko kukuthi, siya kudla impahla usebenzisa iinkonzo ze uhlawule imali yona. Ngenxa yoko, urhulumente lichitha kuphela lwabiwo mali, malunga neemfuno zesizwe. Kunye nabatyali atyala imali yabo nolondolozo zemali nophuhliso lwamashishini. Noko ke, kukho kwinkqubo enye into ebalulekileyo - ukulingana phakathi neentengo kwamanye amazwe imveliso kweli lizwe. Ibizwa ngokuba urhwebo, kwaye kuyenzeka ukuba iqulethe amaxabiso akhabanayo. Oku kunjalo xa ilizwe uvunayo zonaniso lwangaphandle iimpahla ngaphezu elizithengisayo. Ngenxa yoku, GDP yayo lifinyele.

Kukho nenye Ifomula yokubala uphendula lo mbuzo oko eyenzwa ngokubhekiselele kwingeniso. Ngoko ke, ngenxa yoku, sigqiba ukuba izinga umdibaniso ingeniso yabanini kunye nengeniso yomntu. Enyanisweni, ezi imixube ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zishwankathelwe ingqiqo omnye - imali. Nje omnye mzekelo ingqalelo imivuzo, kunye nezinye - bachitha, nangona kunjalo, imali kunye enyanisweni, yaye omnye ngobuwena, kuvela enye.

Ukongeza, kukho izinto ezifana wesiqhelo kunye GDP lokwenene. Zahlukene njani? Eyokuqala kubalwa ngokususela amaxabiso kulo nyaka, lo gama i-real okuvakaliswa amaxabiso kwisisekelo sonyaka, nto leyo ibe zombini 1999 no-2000, yaye 2014. Izalathisi nokuba, yaye olunye uhlobo lwe-GDP ibalwa kwiyunithi ngokungqinelana: engange, iidola US okanye euro.

Amazwe amaninzi abafuna ukwandisa izinga GDP. Ke Russia, eli nani lidla kakhulu kambe yi kwinqanaba lwemveliso kwempahla, njengoko esi salathisi mgangatho uphulukana ixabiso imveliso kwi leSoviet. Kulo mzekelo, singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba umongameli izithembiso zazingenanto, njengokuba umgangatho wokukhula GDP kuyimfuneko ukuba uqoqosho lukhula 7-8%, yaye ndizele oku kuyimfuneko ukutyala imali yakhe enkulu imali, nto leyo kwilizwe lethu okwangoku, kwaye kwixa elizayo kungalindelekanga.