ENizhniy Novgorod. Yesicelo - inqaba kumbindi wesixeko (ifoto emileyo)

Kweli nqanaba ngayo Kucingelwa ukuba kukho 41 idolophu yimbali eRashiya. Phakathi kwazo indawo eyodwa Nizhny Novgorod. Yesicelo yesixeko yenye izinto ezininzi ezintle magingxigingxi yaye alondolozwe phakathi isixeko itsala amawaka abakhenkethi, kuquka abo bavela kwamanye amazwe.

Imbali sesiseko kunye nokwakhiwa

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ummandla Russia yamandulo bamiswa iinqaba esikhusela isixeko uhlaselo yotshaba. Akumangalisi ke Scandinavians ekuthiwa Gardarika ilizwe lethu. Enye yezi iinqaba, eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-14, waba Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo, elo ekuqaleni elakhiwe umhlaba kunye nemithi.

Phantsi Ivan i Okwesithathu, ngo-1500, ukomeleza amandla ukukhusela isixeko wabeka nenqaba ilitye yokuqala, eyaziwa ngokuba yaseTver. Ngenxa anayo ayihlasela ukugqibezela ukwakhiwa kuphela ngo-1505, kwakunye kweminyaka 8 kamva wayitshisa komterebhinti yesicelo e Nizhny Novgorod wamema wezakhiwo Pietro Francesco. Yile Italian kwaye wadala iinqaba ngamandla, nto leyo namhlanje mangaza iindwendwe.

New yesicelo lwakhiwe tufa, eveliswe emazantsi iVolga, kwaye bolshemernogo lwezitena ezibomvu, evela kuloo ndawo.

inkcazelo inqaba

Yesicelo (Nizhny Novgorod) yaba udonga 2-nekhilomitha kunye 13 ezinde. Kwezi, 5 zezithuthi uxande-8 - ngeenxa zonke, abangevayo. Kwakhona, phambi Dmitrov Inqaba ibhulorho nelityana ukubhobhoza inqaba.

Nqaba yayibiyelwe ububanzi umsele anhydrous kunye nobunzulu 25-30 m -. 2.5-4 m Iingcali zithi kwingingqi nomjelo Dmitrovskaya Tower kwezinye iindawo, zizele komhlaba.

Izixhobo lenqaba

Inqaba zokudubula ngenkulungwane ye-16, le nto mzuzu uyaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, i-data igcinwe ukuba kwinkulungwane ye-17 ikampu Abaxhobileyo yaba nemipu-20 kuphela, kuba emva kokuthatha Ivanom Groznym ngo-1552 Kazan yomkhosi wokhuselo ngokuthethwa Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo lehla kakhulu. Baba ukuvuleka becala ezincinane squeaked isinxibo. Kwakukho oomatrasi - guns ezincinane ukudubula amaqhekeza. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwezinye imipu - ukutya-gakovnitsy.

Yesicelo (Nizhny Novgorod): Imbali

Ukutyhubela inqaba ngenkulungwane ye-16 iye ngokuphindaphindiweyo phantsi zokungqinga, kodwa utshaba zange bakwazi ukukhulisa phezu ibhena ngayo yayo.

Ngenkulungwane ye-17 incwadi yesicelo uye waba yindawo apho kwakukho embuthweni, oko kwaphumela entlanganweni yeSibini Abantu athathwe, okwenze eRashiya, baza bagqiba Troubles.

Ngenkulungwane ye-18 ukuba isetyenziswe njengendawo yokuhlala lerhuluneli. Xa uCatherine umyalelo esihle yesicelo wayibuyisela. Noko ke, imveliso imisebenzi kuphela mandundu imeko yesakhiwo. Ngakumbi ekonakaleni kwaba iinqaba uhlangula olwenziweyo kule minyaka 1834-1837. Ngokukodwa, emva emhadini yazala, ukuphakama incwadi yesicelo lehla nge-4 m kwaye amacandelo eziphantsi komhlaba. Ngenxa yoko ke, kwana kwamanzi phantsi komhlaba kunye ngcembe waqala ukubola. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, i-yesicelo (Nizhny Novgorod) uye waba yindawo apho waya War Patriotic ka umkhosi wamajoni, owathi, othembekileyo kwimemori kwanootatomkhulu, bazibonakalisa eyarhaxwayo yamajoni angamagorha.

Kumila myuziyam

Phantsi Alexander lafika Wesithathu befashoni zonke Russian kunye nomdla ezimbalini zeli lizwe. Ngowe-1894 kwagqitywa ukuba aququzelele imyuziyam ngokwezembali yesicelo. Ukuze wenze oku, siye sagqiba ukwenza Dmitrievskaya Tower. Ekugqityweni ngo-1896, lo imyuziyam kwavuleka kuluntu. Ukuze uhlangulwe iindwendwe Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo (Nizhny Novgorod), ifoto leyo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi, ngo-1896 yi-wakha aneziporo street iKrismesi. Noko ke, ngo-1926 kwaba uvaliwe, njengoko yaqala ukusebenza umgca ethutha ecaleni Zelensky Congress. Wazibandakanya esitratweni Great ebathethelela Christmas.

Phantsi kolawulo yiSoviet (1945)

Emva kokuba October Revolution, kwakunye lonke eli lizwe, kukho utshintsho olukhulu ethe yabehlela Nizhny Novgorod. I yesicelo akasenawo abadumileyo wakhe yoTshintsho Cathedral, apho kungekho ndawo phakathi komzi, igama imbeko Maksima Gorkogo.

Xa isayithi ye-itempile yamandulo, eyakhiwa Mihailom Romanovym kunye uBhishophu Filaret ngenkulungwane ye-17, abasemagunyeni abatsha wokwakha amabhunga indlu, kwaye imyuziyam, esebenze kwi Dmitriev Inqaba ezivaliweyo. Kwakhona iphuhlise isicwangciso neyentshabalalo ezinye iimboniselo, ukuze bandise ummandla eSoviet, kodwa izicwangciso babesifa kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic.

Ukususela 1941 ukuya 1943, amaNazi baqalisa ngemibuzo umoya Nizhny Novgorod. Incwadi yesicelo, ngelo xesha eminyaka ngaphezulu kwe-4, wavuka ekhusela kwisixeko zakowabo. On iinqaba zayo nambatha anti-moya imipu esikhusela esibhakabhakeni e Gorky.

Kweli xesha kwempi

Ekupheleni Second World War kufuphi ezindongeni yesicelo yamandulo, Soviet Square (Minin kunye Pozharsky), kwaba Ukoyisa Parade, yaye ukususela 1949, le nqaba yalulanyiselwa ngokubuyiselwa. Emva '31 kwi yesicelo, umboniso izixhobo, ukulwa zabahlaseli.

Ekubeni 1990 ukungabikho mali kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni nomhla ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi wokulungisa. Baqhubeka kuphela 2000. Ngelo xesha, ukuba kulondolozwe amahlandinyuka ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo, kwi Nizhny Novgorod eziququzelelwe yi the Historical kunye Reserve Zokwakha, isiseko yona yesicelo.

Ukususela kwiminyaka yokugqibela iziganeko kufuneka kuqatshelwe Zachatskoy kuvuselelwa nenqaba leyo kwenziwa ngo-2012. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa isebenza Ring yesicelo iindonga zibe ngazodwa, kunye lomculo zokwakha Ndizuze ifomu epheleleyo.

Ukuba namhlanje bebona ngabakhenkethi e Nizhny Novgorod

Namhlanje isixeko lelinye lamaziko kubakhenkethi ezibalulekileyo kummandla. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo ezininzi ngonyaka ngamnye kutsala amawaka abakhenkethi Nizhny Novgorod. I yesicelo nguye aziintloko kuwo. Phakathi ezikhumbuzo wosindiswa nommandla wayo, ukuze makuqatshelwe iinqaba-13, iyileyo uhlolo luya abathandi beziyolo enkulu izakhiwo. Ukongeza, kukho iSixeko Duma, iofisi yomtshutshisi, kwinkundla kulamlo lokugqibela, i-ofisi enkulu yobhaliso, i-ofisi yeposi, iholo Philharmonic, i-museum zobugcisa, a endlwaneni kunye nelangatye ongunaphakade. Kwakhona, zicwangciswe khona: Alley uthando, a cafes ezimbalwa kunye nezinye izinto ezibangel 'umdla.

Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo: ukuba indlela

Le nqaba lifumaneka kwi ekudibaneni Oka kunye iVolga, phezu promontory phezulu. Abo bafika kwisixeko ngololiwe ukusuka kwisikhululo sikaloliwe eMoscow ide ifikelele yesicelo, esebenzisa kwisiphekepheke ibhasi N 34, 81, 134, 54 okanye 172 ukuba ayeke 'Minin and Pozharsky Square ". Oku kulandelayo kukuba Kwathi kwisitalato ngeenyawo - Bolshaya Pokrovskaya.

nezinye dostoprimechaelnosti

Yintoni enye ubona ukuba unethamsanqa elaneleyo ukuba ukufika Nizhny Novgorod? I yesicelo ingqongwe ezikhumbuzo umdla kwimbali zobugcisa, zinokujongwa. Ngokomzekelo, xa yembutho ka Minin kunye Pozharsky, akhiwe kwicala mpuma iindonga zesixeko, kukho ikopi odumileyo eMoscow ilitye imbeko kwamagorha. Kufutshane nayo A. S. Pushkina Museum, emthonjeni, wakha ngo-1847, ezikhumbuzo V. Chkalov kunye Kuzma Minin. Le yokugqibela eyaziwayo ukuba oko efakwe ngexesha lemfazwe, ukuze bafake of Nizhny Novgorod ngemihla yokuhlasela kweenqwelo olunzulu umzi.

Ngoku uyazi into etsalela abakhenkethi Nizhny Novgorod. Yesicelo (bona ifoto. Ngaphezu) ifanelwe kumncina; yaye ezele ingangamsha izenzo ookhokho bethu.