Mongolia (Republic): iindawo ezinika umdla Capital

Eli lizwe ibekwe entliziyweni Asia. Nguwo lo ummandla emaqeleni ephangaleleyo, iindunduma zentlabathi, iintaba enkulu, esibhakabhakeni olungenasiphelo blue ilanga lishushu. Zobungangamela Mongolia enemfuyo liyana yendalo.

Iimpendulo imibuzo emininzi emalunga kweli lizwe lihle ingafumaneka kweli nqaku. Kuyo uya kubalisa inkqubo yezopolitiko (Mongolia - uyiRhiphablikhi okanye neNgonyama); sendawo, labemi kakhulu ngakumbi.

Zininzi izinto ezinomdla ulaziyo imbali elide Mongolia. Iimpawu nezithethe zamandulo kunye namasiko zindwebile kwaye zahlukene.

ulwazi jikelele

Mongolia has a zizonke iintsuku 250 ilanga ngonyaka.

Eli lizwe lubizwa, udla ngokubizwa ngokuba "ilizwe isibhakabhaka blue", yindawo ekuzalelwe kuyo amaqhawe enkulu koyisa Genghis Khan. Iintaba ezinamatye, amachibi blue, emaqeleni ezingapheliyo kunye kwentlabathi zegolide le Gobi entlango - zonke Mongolian ubuhle bemvelo. Kukho iitempile ezininzi dha abantu bendawo kuyaphawuleka wokubuk 'iindwendwe kunye nenkcubeko efana kunye ekhethekileyo.

polity

Mongolia - republic okanye urhulumente?

Igunya aphezulu umthetho Mongolia - Great Hural (iPalamente). Ipalamente enetsheyimba inamalungu 76 (we-siseko) kunye negunya iminyaka emine. IPalamente kukhethwa okuthandwayo, ifomu engundoqo yomsebenzi ezo yeseshini abahlala kuphela xa kukho 2/3 okanye ngaphezulu onke amalungu ayo.

Amagunya lepalamente - lokusekwa igunya lesigqeba kwilixa Mongolia (urhulumente okhokelwa yiNkulumbuso). Intloko karhulumente na umongameli, ngubani na anyuliweyo abemi Mongolian abaye ndandineminyaka engama-45 kwithuba leminyaka 4 (imeko - indawo esisigxina yokuhlala ekhaya kwiminyaka 5 edlulileyo).

NgokoMgaqo-siseko, usebenza ukususela 1992, Mongolia - republic yasepalamente. amaqela Main yezopolitiko: Abantu Revolutionary Party, i-Democratic Party, i-Democratic Party kunye amagqabi zonqulo.

De 1992, ilizwe eyaziwa ngokuba Abantu Mongolian Republic.

Ngowe-1991 weza ngamandla, i-Democratic Party kwikhosi ye revolution enoxolo. Ukususela ngo-2009, ilizwe iinguqu ezininzi yenziwe.

indawo okuyo

Eli lizwe ithatha yinxalenye Central Asia.

Mongolia - weRiphabliki, akukho eKFC elwandle. Umda yi Russia ukuya ngasentla, ezantsi, entshona nasempuma - kunye China. yonke Ubude imida Mongolia yi 8162 km (in t. H. 3485 km Russia).

Ummandla kurhulumente - 1 566 000 square eekhilomitha.

Kuyiphi Republic, Mongolia yahlulelwe kwii ariya 21 (aimag), eliquka iiyunithi ezincinci yolawulo - somoni. Kwelinye icala, somoni ngamnye (ewonke 342) lahlulwe bugs (izicima). Ezingama-1539.

3 isixeko Mongolian ka Erdenet, Darkhan kunye Choyr na malunga nemeko kweeyunithi elizimeleyo.

Gobi entlango yolula kumazantsi Mongolia, kumda ne-China. Mongolian zeAltai intaba uluhlu lususela entshona ngurhulumente emazantsi-ntshona. Yeyona iphezulu incopho - incopho Khüiten Peak (4374 meters).

Uninzi lwemilambo emikhulu kuqukuqela ummandla Mongolia, Onon, Selenga, Tesiyn Gol Kerulen, Khalkhin Goal njl

capital

Isixeko elimangalisayo samandulo ngokupheleleyo ezikhumbuzo zembali, uye Mongolia (Republic). Ikomkhulu Ulan Bator (Ulaanbaatar ekubhalweni local) iqulathe abemi abangaphezulu kwama-1.3 yezigidi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izihlandlo eziliqela Njengekomkhulu Republic igama kunye ndashukunyiswa.

Ulaanbaatar eqalisiweyo ngenkulungwane XVII (1639). capital Ngaphambili kubekho: URGO (iminyaka 1639-1706), Khuree yazo (eyi 1706-1911), Niyslel Khuree (ukususela 1911 ukuya 1923) Yaye Ulan Bator (1924).

Ngaphambili kwisayithi somzi eMonastri dha.

Population, iilwimi

Mongolians ukwenza i-85% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke, 7% - i Kazakhs, ngaphezulu kwama-4.5% - Durwood kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-3% - abameli amaqela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwaye Mongolia likhaya kubantu abangaphezulu kwama-4 million yobuzwe Mongolian.

Bebonke ekuqaleni kuka-2009 - malunga 2.7 yezigidi zabantu.

Ulwimi olusemthethweni Mongolian (usapho Uralic).

A bit yomlando

Mongolia - republic, ogama amasiko nezithethe zimilile kwenani labemi abantu bamandulo ababekhe belimiwe kummandla Central Asia.

amasiko Zininzi ntlokoma kwezithethe yamandulo WayengumBhuda shamanistic ukuba abe njongo yonqulo kunye nesiqulatho ngokuhamba kwexesha lulahlekile. Noko ke, ezinye izenzo isiko nangoku nehlonitshwayo balapha.

Kukho iinkolelo ezininzi kunye inyala ukuba babe lweengcambu Central Asia. Ngoko ke, ziyafana kunye Buryats kunye Mongols.

Ngaphezulu, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Mongolians abaninzi ukugcina asimoyikanga namasiko yamandulo ephila, kwaye ngoku bahlala ezintenteni wokuthi, kwaye apho ngeendleko yolawulo lwabasebenzi ukulimela.

Ngokubanzi, abantu kwintsimi Mongolian wabonakala ixesha elide eyadlulayo, kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kokubhalwa kwembali, oko olundwendwe mbuya, hlale benza iindidi Confederation karhulumente. I-Chinese bakha Wall odumileyo Great ngenxa Mongols amandulo kakhulu.

Njani ukuba kwaqala?

isikhulu Mongolian ogama Temujin ngo-1206 fumene isihloko Genghis Khan oyiswe aliqela amazwe kunye nabantu. Ngoko kwakukho uBukhosi Mongol. Emva kokufa Genghis Khan, oko yahlulwe ezine Khanate. Ngelo xesha, i-emphaya laliphakathi kwiindawo ukususela eKorea ukuya ePoland, kunye Vietnam esemazantsi eSiberia emntla.

Ukususela ngenkulungwane XVI e Mongolia waqalisa ukusasaza Buddhism emva yeemfazwe zembujiswano kunye rhoqo igunya kunye nemikhosi lokuhlasela eTshayina.

Mongolia ilawulwa yi-Chinese Qing ubukhosi de 1911.

Ngoko ke, Mongolia - uyiRhiphablikhi okanye akunjalo?

MPR, kwaye banobuhlobo USSR, wasekwa ngo-1924.

Yaye ekubeni 1992, Abantu Mongolian ngokusemthethweni Republic kwathiwa Mongolia.

inkolo

Mongolia - weRiphabliki, ilawulwa yi-Mahayana Buddhism (94%), nemimoya phezu kwayo wasentla and Islam (4%) - entshonalanga. Kuphela kwinkulungwane yamashumi eli lizwe yoonongendi zamaBhuda ezininzi - ikhulu ambalwa, yaye malunga ne-30% yabantu ezingamakhwenkwe esakhiweni.

E Mongolia, iphulo anti-zonqulo, phantse kutshatyalaliswa athunyelwe ukususela banesifo yenkulungwane ezifanayo yoonongendi omkhulu nkqubo sele. Abaninzi zavalwa, abanye baphangwe batshatyalaliswa. Noko ke, emva kokuba utshintsho ethile lwentando yesininzi (90), inkululeko yonqulo sabhengezwa. Godlo kwakhona ukuqalisa imisebenzi yabo. In Ulan Bator namhlanje kukho nkqu iBandla Orthodox. Eyahlukileyo lunqulo Republic of Mongolia.

izinto

In mandulo omkhulu Mongolia wasinda ezahlukeneyo elikhulu ezikhumbuzo ezizodwa ngezakudala kunye nembali-bokwakha. Kufutshane emlanjeni. Chultyn Gol unawo kakhulu Imizobo yamandulo neolithic phantsi kokhuselo UNESCO.

Kwakhona kwi top 10 ezinika best Mongolian nga ziquka oku kulandelayo:

- yayingeyiyo Bell Woxolo, ibekwe Ulaanbaatar;

- Grand Umakhi of Sukhbaatar (kwakhona kwi capital);

- ibhotwe Khan kunye eqingqiweyo ezintle Tara (isithixokazi) kwi ikomkhulu Mongolia ;

- Gandan Monastery.

isiko

Mongolia - republic, isithethe kunye nenkcubeko leyo sisityebi kwaye zahlukene. Mbuya eminyaka zazizihambela ezinkqantosini, kumathafa Central Asia, yaye aqhubeka namasiko ingaguqukanga athile. Wonke July e Mongolia yabhiyozela Nadd umthendeleko ukhuphiswano zemveli Mongolian xa ihashe racing, ukutola kwaye kuliwe; wayibhiyozela Ekupheleni kobusika kunye nexesha ukufika Year New - nalo olu khuphiswano.

imithendeleko eziliqela iyabanjwa Mongolia: amanqe okuzingela; Yak ikamela.

Elokuqukumbela, uqoqosho

Mongolia sophuhliso sesizwe ngokwezoqoqosho kwaye yenye kwiimarike nathembisayo e mpumalanga Asia, yaye phantse wonke ummandla Asia-Pacific.