Era Cainozoic

Era yophuhliso Umhlaba yathatha inani eyahlukileyo leminyaka. Ziquka kunye amaxesha ezahlukeneyo. I Cenozoic Era nguye lama zejoloji yakutshanje. ubude bayo - million 65 iminyaka .. I Cenozoic Era wahlulwe ezintathu zexesha: i Anthropogenic, Neogene kunye Paleogene. Ngamnye kubo, ke, yahlulwe eziqaphelekayo.

era Cenozoic kwaye kuyaqhubeka namhlanje.

Paleogene iquka Oligocene, babungabandi, Paleocene, Neogene - Pliocene kunye Miocene, Anthropogene - Holocene kunye Pleistocene.

Njani ubomi kwi Cenozoic ngexesha

65 mln. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwixesha Paleogene.

eziqaphelekayo Owokuqala Paleocene. Ekubeni waqala Cenozoic era. Ngelo xesha, amazwekazi baqhubeka intshukumo yabo ajenos (i wase omkhulu) yaqhubeka ukuba bahlukane. Ngokupheleleyo wonqanyulwa, ungabikho ehlabathini kwaba Umzantsi Melika.

On izilwanyana izwe laqala ngokwanda, obeku- okuqala izinambuzane nezikrekrethi. Kwakukho abameli enkulu zombini izilwanyana ezitya izityalo kunye amarhamncwa. Xa amanzi aselwandle baqala ukuphuhlisa iintlobo ezintsha ookrebe kunye nezinye iintlanzi yomona.

Phakathi izityalo baqalisa ukusasaza iintlobo kweentyatyambo.

Babungabandi era kwaqengqeleka iminyaka emashumi mahlanu anesihlanu yezigidi eyadlulayo. Nemisinga zaqala ukuhlala phantsi ngolu hlobo, njengoko kunjalo namhla. Umzantsi Melika Uyekile ukuba ezinxulumene Antarctica, India kwakhona wafudukela Asia. Waqala ziye kunye Australia ku Antarctica.

Kumhlaba kwakukho lemurs, amalulwane, izilwanyana ezitya izityalo ezinkulu (kwiminyanya iinkomo, amahashe, iindlovu, iihagu, kunye nezinye). Ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana nayo savela.

Ukwanda kwenani yamanzi intlanzi, iminenga emva emanzini.

Saqala imithi ikhula kwisibanzi ziingcathu, amahlathi ungamalungu amaninzi ahlukeneyo uhlaza komhlaba.

Oligocene eziqaphelekayo kwaqengqeleka iminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesibhozo yezigidi eyadlulayo. kwilizwekazi Australia nase Antarctica yahlulwe ngokupheleleyo, njengokuba India wawela umgca zemvula. Imozulu kwi planethi waba ezipholileyo. Enkulu cap ice kuyilwa phezu South Pole. Oku kukhokelele ekwandeni ndawo ezweni, ukuncitshiswa umthamo wamanzi. Ngokuphathelele pholisa indawo kunye nohlaza. Endaweni elinemvula emathafeni ukwanda.

nezilwanyana ezitya utyani baqala ukuphuhlisa ngenkuthalo kwimimandla emathafeni. Kukho iindidi ezintsha imivundla, imivundla, lomkhombe, abameli yokuqala yinyongo.

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu yezigidi eyadlulayo kwixesha Neogene. Oku kuquka kwala maxesha.

Ngexesha Miocene, phantse onke amazwekazi baqhubeka ukuhamba. Ngenxa yokuba kwenzeke ingozi yeAfrika kunye eYurophu Asia kwasekwa Alps. Emva kokuxhuma India and Asia kwasekwa malayas. Ngelo xesha, ukuba i Andes Rocky Mountains. Ngelo xesha linye kwilizwekazi Australian naseMzantsi Merika wahlala yodwa ehlabathini. Kwilizwekazi ngalinye livelise flora zayo ezizodwa kunye nezilwanyana. Nokwanda oxwebhu ice kwi Antarctica Bamqumbisa Ukupholisa ngakumbi.

Ngexesha Miocene izilwanyana ekusukeni ukusuka kwelinye ilizwekazi baye kwelinye.

kwiminyaka million emihlanu edlulileyo waqala Pliocene.

Amazwekazi phantse kwi ndawo enye namhlanje. Ukuqhubeka Ukupholisa kunye nokusasazwa emaqeleni.

ezincancisayo ezitya utyani kwaye ayenziwa. Le Ukudaleka ihashe. Indawo awazalelwa kuyo isilwanyana North America. Ukusuka apho, amahashe asasazwe kuzo zonke emhlabeni.

Ekupheleni kwale Pliocene, North kunye Umzantsi Melika waba enxulumene kunye nabanye. Ngokutsho ukwakha "ilizwe ibhulorho" waqalisa ukuhamba kwezilwanyana ukusuka kwelinye ilizwekazi baye kwelinye. Abaphandi bathi ukuba ngeli xesha kwakukho ekutshabalaleni kweentlobo ezininzi ngenxa yomzabalazo nzima ukuze baphile.

Kwiminyaka million emibini eyadlulayo, kwaqalisa ixesha Anthropogenic.

Yayilixesha elithile elizibalula ngeziganeko lokuqala - i Pleistocene - luphawulwa ukusasazeka qhwa. Ngeli xesha, ngelinye ixesha warming kunye ukupholisa, gaga, yaye kwinqanaba lolwandle. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nkqu ngoku meko iyaqhubeka.

iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana bebeziqhelanisa imozulu. Kwabonakala abantu bokuqala.

Malunga namawaka neminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, ukuqala i Holocene - ixesha yesibini yexesha Anthropogenic.

Imozulu yayifana mihla, ukutshintsha amaxesha lungapholi kunye ukufudumala. Yaqala uphuhliso uhlanga lwabantu.