"Tatra T3 ': iimpawu zoyilo kunye photo

Kuba tramways idolophu Okwangoku hamba imifuziselo mihla tram, leyo ukutsala ingqalelo hayi kuphela imbonakalo yayo stylish, kodwa iinkalo zobugcisa ngokwenene 'injezu. Baya ngokuzolileyo, ngokukhawuleza, ngempumelelo, ziyahlutha ngokoqobo yintuthuzelo, ngoko kwiimeko ezininzi ukusuka tram endala emizini inkunkuma. Leyo yindlela ngcembe izitrato izixeko Russian iyanyamalala kancane tram "umfuziselo Tatra T3 '. Kodwa xa babesithi elithile. Ngethamsanqa, akukho iidolophu ezinkulu zisetyenziswa kunjalo, ukuze ukwazi nkxu nostalgia kwaye ukhumbule amaxesha Soviet, xa ezi tram abo kuyo yonk 'indawo.

Noko ke, ngaba ukhe wacinga ngokweenkcukacha ngembali, iimpawu zoyilo kunye nezihloko efanayo malunga, umzekelo, "umfuziselo Tatra T3 '? zezothutho kunye yokucinga ngaxeshanye malunga ziziphi iimpawu zoyilo kwemodeli ethile bambalwa kakhulu abantu ukuhamba. Ngoko ke, ukuba unomdla kweli nqaku uza kufumana yonke ingcaciso eyimfuneko malunga tram. Iqulethe izixa ezinkulu ezahlukeneyo olubanzi lolwazi, ukuqalela iinguqulelo ezithe zikhankanywe ngasentla, kunye nesiphelo kunye neempawu zolwakhiwo kunye neenkcukacha zobugcisa.

Yintoni na?

Ngoko ke, i "Tatra T3 '- imodeli iimoto esiporweni, leyo yaveliswa ngowe-1960. Yaphela ukuvelisa ezi tram ngo-1999 kuphela. Ngenxa yoko, ngeli xesha ngaphezu elinesine lamawaka iimoto zaye zaveliswa, leyo aguqulwe kancincane, ngokuxhomekeke ekupheleni delivery. Inguqulo kuxoxwa kancinane emva koko, kodwa ngoku kufuneka lugxile ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga tram "Tatra T3 '. Ngokwenene, aba zimoto kwenziwa lonke ixesha e Prague, kodwa inxalenye onomtsalane kubo ithunyelwe eSoviet Union kunye namanye amazwe yobusoshiyali. E Western Yurophu, kunqabile ukuba ukuhlangabezana iimoto ezinjalo - ngaphandle eMpuma Jamani.

kokulungiswa

Sele ukwazi ukuba esiporweni "Tatra T3 'yaveliswa Prague, ngokulandelelana, imarike engundoqo sele ikhaya kuye. Uninzi tram kule modeli yaveliswa kwaye esetyenziswa kummandla yeCzechoslovakia. Ke ukuba kwamanye amazwe, kule meko lwenziwe ngaphezu esebenzayo. Oku kungqinwa kanye kukuba kwilizwe ngalinye indawo wadala kokulungiswa yaso, nto leyo yahluke kakhulu ukusuka yokuqala, kodwa wayekade ezinye iinkcukacha ezimbalwa nezinto.

Kwakhona lubonakala egameni ongumzekelo imoto. Umzekelo, inani lesibini likhulu iikopi eziveliswa yaba imodeli T3SU ebinikelwe eSoviet Union (SU ukusuka eSoviet Union). Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi moto ezithile ukusuka yokuqala yaba ukungabikho emnyango engundoqo, kunye nezihlalo extra zafakelwa kwi lokuphumelela amatyala. Kwakhona leri corporate esemva imoto, hayi phakathi, leyo enxulumene kunye nokungabikho emnyango ephakathi. Kukho nezinye bekukho iyantlukwano engephi, ezo abahlukunyezwa imodeli kwisiqalo wenqwelwana kwaphuma.

Kukuphi kunikelwa esiporweni "Tatra T3 '? Yaba uguqulelo ehlukeneyo eJamani, Yugoslavia kunye eRomania, kwaye ngo-1992 yaqala ukuba kuveliswa tram T3RF, eyenzelwe ukuba abunjwe Russian Federation. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele T3SUCS model minh - ezi iimoto, akhutshwa ngokwesiseko ekujongwe ukuba eSoviet Union, kodwa inikezelwa kurhwebo lwasekhaya. Inyaniso ukuba umfuziselo yokuqala ayisa kuveliswa ngo-1976, kodwa kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo ukubuyisela iimoto ezininzi ezindala kwi yee-. Kwaba lelo xesha ke, waza waqalisa kuveliswe le ukulungiswa.

Imbali tram

Yintoni imbali imoto nokulungalungiswa zayo, efana kakhulu ethandwa phakathi kwabo - "Tatra T3SU"? Kufuneka icace into yokuba, ngokusekelwe igama ke, akuzange kube imoto lokuqala kuthotho - "T2" iimoto yaveliswa kwixa elidlulileyo, kwaye hayi kuphela eCzechoslovakia, kodwa izixa ezikhulu ziye zithunyelwe eSoviet Union. Ezi zimoto waba iintsilelo zabo, nto leyo sele ziphelisiwe version entsha.

Sele 1960 kwase yokuqala sesilungile, nto leyo eye avavanyiwe kwaye yamkelwa. Emva koko, imveliso eqala kunye tram yokuqala imodeli entsha waya izitrato ePrague ngehlobo lowe-1961. Nangona kunjalo, entwasahlobo ka-1962, tram ezazithinjwe inkonzo ngenxa yeziphene ezithe ezizinzileyo kunye neminyaka enesiqingatha. Ngenxa yoko, umhla wokugqibela kokuqala ukusebenza minh liye laba ekwindla ka-1963. Kulo nyaka baqalisa, kunye nezinto ezizodwa iimoto eSoviet Union - le pesenti yayifudula enyangweni, nkqu eCzechoslovakia ayizange isetyenziswe iimoto ezininzi kule modeli, njengoko lisetyenziswe "T3SU Tatra" tram. Ukuhanjiswa ezi tram kwizixeko Soviet baba elide kakhulu yaye yaphela kuphela ngo-1987.

nembali yakutshanje

Iqalise zincwadi, njengoko nisazi, ekupheleni koo yokuqala, xa Russian Federation baba iimoto T3RF iyafumaneka. Zanikelwa i-Russian Federation de ngomzuzu wokugqibela, xa kwayekwa imveliso yabo, oko kukuthi, de-1999. Noko ke, isiphelo unikezelo akuthethi ekupheleni ukusetyenziswa: malunga elinanye lamawaka kuphela tram zanikelwa eSoviet Union, yaye uninzi lwabo sele zaphuculwa ukuze bandise nokuphila kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu edlulileyo. Kwizixeko ezininzi ezi tram kuhamba ngamashumi nabamakhulu, ukuze kwixesha elizayo kufuphi eRashiya, bona ncam ixesha liphelile.

iimpawu Technical yemodeli umnyango ezimbini

"Tatra T3 'umnyango-ezimbini imveliso engundoqo ezinikwe eSoviet Union. Yiloo nto ke kufuneka uxelele kuqala. Kuye izihlalo 38 kunye yokuhlala umthamo abantu abaninzi kangangoko 110. It sinobuso TE of injini 022, nganye eneyazo ngomthamo kilowatts 40. Isantya kuyilo Umfuziselo iikhilomitha ezingama-72 ngeyure nganye, ngelixa isantya eyona iphezulu ngumgama oziikhilomitha-65 ngeyure. Ubude imoto neemitha ezili-14, ububanzi - kwiimitha ezimbini ezinesiqingatha, nokuphakama - eziimitha ezintathu. ubunzima wayo malunga elinesithandathu neetoni. Xa edibanisa iimoto ezimbini ufumane uloliwe kweemitha ezingama-30 ubude. Ukuba sithethe yintoni ngaphakathi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuphakama zala mazwe, apho meters 2 40 cm kunye nobubanzi emnyango, nto leyo 1 imitha-30 cm. Le ngeempawu zobugcisa engundoqo ene tramcar "Tatra T3 '. Salon naye, njengokuba ubona, enkulu kakhulu kwaye ebanzi, kwaye imoto ngokwayo has a ubukhulu elungileyo.

iimpawu Technical yemodeli umnyango-amathathu

Noko ke, imodeli umnyango-ezimbini sindise eSoviet Union zonke ixesha - kamva eCzechoslovakia waqalisa ukufumana odolo iinqwelo umnyango-amathathu "Tatra T3 '. Iifoto ezibonisa ukuba umahluko phakathi iimoto ezimbini ayinkulwanga kakhulu, kodwa waba. Ngoko ke, lo iinkcukacha le moto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kakhulu ngakumbi, kwakunye ukuthelekisa nabo inguquko yangaphambili.

Ngenxa yoko, inani lezihlalo ngenxa ukuvela emnyango eliphakathi lancipha - kuloo moto zazo 34, hayi 38 Kwakhona enqaba kunye nesikhundla abakhweli, nto leyo ngoku eyenziwa ngabantu 95, oko kukuthi abakhweli ngaphantsi kweshumi elinesihlanu. I-injini ihlala ncam, asiguqukanga inani, ngoko ke isantya uhlala okufanayo. Imilinganiselo ayahlukanga, enyanisweni, njengoko ubunzima imoto yonke. Njengoko ubona, ngokwenene umahluko ababaninzi kakhulu, nkqu ububanzi emnyango lokuvula uhlala okufanayo.

features design

Into elandelayo ukukhangela xa kuqwalaselwa eso sithuthi nje esiporweni "Tatra T3 '- amacandelo kunye neendibano, umzimba isigadla nangezinto zobuchwepheshe kunye neziqhoboshi, kwakunye kakhulu ngakumbi. Ngamafutshane, ngoku uhamba neempawu zolwakhiwo tram. Kwaye ke inkalo yokuqala, kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo, na ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo ukuyilandela. Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke izixhobo kule esiporweni yi ngumatshini okanye kagesi. Nangona kunjalo, oku uphawu lonke uluhlu iimoto.

Yintoni entsha kuyilo kuvela ngqo kwi "T3 'imodeli? Icala kunye nophahla-metal ekhohlo, kodwa incam imoto zenziwe ngayo, izinto polymeric ezizodwa self-zokucima fiberglass nto inobunzima asezantsi kakhulu kunye nokufezekisa enkulu. Ngaloo ndlela, ukusetyenziswa kwale nto kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ubunzima jikelele ukwandisa iimpawu ashukimisayo yeemoto. Kwakhona, ukulawula ezikhoyo intshukumo iinjini kusetyenziswa isixhobo entsonkothileyo zombane, ebizwa namafutha. Kule ndlwana zafakelwa izibane ezibengezelayo kunye nezifudumezi air imbawula, ebonelela abakhweli kwinqanaba eliphezulu wentuthuzelo. tram Model "Tatra T3 'ngokubonakalayo ladlula iimpawu zobugcisa ezihlangwini yawo, imodeli" T2 ".

izindlu

"Tatra T3 '- kaloliwe, nto leyo lisebenziswa lonke eRashiya, yaye loo nto ithetha ukuba ngelo xesha iimoto data zenziwa kwelona nqanaba liphezulu. Kodwa ukuba bakhangele elidlulileyo, sinako ukuqonda ukuba ngo-1963 lo mfuziselo into emangalisayo. Ukungabikho nayiphi womoya, ukufumaneka ezikumgangatho ophezulu izibane ezibengezelayo kunye nokuzifudumeza, kwakunye nezinye iinkalo umzimba kwenza le nokunqaba tram lokwenene. Ingakumbi zabelwe izinto zezindlu polymeric kunye ifestile enhle. Ngokubanzi, le minh ingqalelo emininzi ngaphambi kwexesha, nto ke leyo ebangele usathandwa kangaka kwilizwe enkulu efana Russia. Kakade ke, ifuthe kunye nobubanzi lonikezelo kwakhona kutheni ukuphelisa elinanye lamawaka tram ukuba zibe ilungiswe kwaye kusetyenziswa kuyo?

ezilungiswe

Nale tram zizisu bezisoloko ezininzi iingxaki. Okokuqala, ngenxa ubunzima kuyehla emotweni badla nako ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza njengoko uthanda, ingakumbi xa isenzo kwenzeka kwi ingoma ezimanzi okanye zibambene. Kwaye oku kubangwa kuphela imfuneko brake ekuqaleni, kodwa amavili nezitishi ekhawulezayo, ngokuthe ngcembe ndazifumanela imilo isikwere aqalise ukwenza ingxolo.

Noko ke, oku akuzange ingxaki kuphela, njengoko ezi iimoto beqale banxibe yimiqolo kakhulu apho waya, ngenxa yokuba wasebenzisa enye kwibakala ukumiswa truck technology. Kungenzeka, oku kwenziwa ukunciphisa ixabiso nje ukunceda kwisigaba-mbini, apho akashiya imizila enjalo phezu kwingoma, oko wayesele esaziwa kwaye asetyenziswe ngokukhutheleyo kwezinye imizekelo tram.

Ngenxa yoko, nkqu isityalo Voronezh baqalisa ukuvelisa tram lokugaya ezizodwa zaravnivali komzila. Ngapha koko, ukuba abasalise ngendlela yokuba ekugqibeleni oko kunokukhokelela umonakalo omkhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ezi yimiqolo wabangela ingxolo eninzi nokuba tram iimveliso kunye nemizekelo.

electrics

Ezi zimoto phambili kakhulu izixhobo zombane, nto leyo yayiqinisekisa ukuba ukhwele ogudileyo, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezintle, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kwakukho iingxaki ezinzulu. Hi xikombiso, le tram abadumile na ukuthembeka iphezulu, kwakunye "sifo" namafutha incangathi umnwe, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba iingozi rhoqo kwenzeka. Kwezinye iimeko, azigqibi kukhokelela ekulibazisekeni kule migca, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu kufuneka ukususa imigca esiporweni ikwimo olungxamisekileyo.

iziqhoboshi

Ngokumalunga inkqubo elekhtrons, kwakungelilo kuphela omnye - kwakukho nje ezintathu. Ezi nkqubo isebenze ngokuzimela enye kwenye - inkqubo electrodynamic primary, electromechanical zisetyenziselwa dotormazhivaniya, kwakunye kaloliwe magnetic, esetyenziswa elekhtrons likaxakeka kwakunye ukubamba imoto kwi ephumayo ukusuka ngokufika kunye izilayidi phezu kwabo.

ukushiyeka

Bobubi iphambili yalo ongumzekelo luthathwe ingxolo ngaphakathi ngenxa ukusebenza iminwe generator-injini kunye unamathela namafutha kubonisiwe apha ngasentla. Kwakhona ingqalelo umkhweli intuthuzelo - polvagona iphezulu kakhulu, yaye iifestile - lisezantsi kakhulu. Kwakhona soloko ilandelwa yi umsebenzi creaks esiporweni - uvuleka iingcango kufana nokuvula nokuvala, yaye iimoto ngokwabo kwi bend.

ukuthandwa

Oku akumangalisi ukuba eRashiya lezi zimoto nangoku ithandwa kakhulu. Noko ke, ukuba baziwa ngaphandle elizweni. Umzekelo, unako ukuba ungafumana esiporweni "Tatra T3 'ukuba Trainz 12, oololiwe kuyi ezithandwayo kunye tram. Lo mdlalo elikhethekileyo hlobo yayo likuvumela ukuba ukuhamba ezininzi koololiwe. Kwaye kwinguqulelo 2012 umfuziselo "Tatra T3 'kuba Trainz, ngoko ukuba awufuni okanye akakwazi ndikhwele kulo esiporweni, unalo ithuba ukwalathisa ebonakalayo.