Kutheni uOleg ebizwa? INkosana u-Oleg umprofeti: biography

Imbali iyinzululwazi ezithakazelisayo egcina ulwazi malunga nobomi bentlalo, iziganeko eziqhelekileyo kunye nobuntu obuchaphazela iimeko zeziganeko zembali emhlabeni. Ngokukodwa olu lwazi luleke ngoku, xa iziganeko zenkqubo engalunganga zenzeka kumazwe afana neYugoslavia yangaphambili okanye namhlanje ye-Ukraine. Kodwa ngokwenene, nguProfeti oleg, i-Kiev yamiselwa ukuba "unina wezixeko zaseRashiya"! Namhlanje, akubona wonke umntu owaziyo isizathu sokuba u- Oleg Veshchim abizwe ngegama. Mhlawumbi wayenenhlanhla?

"Iingxelo Zonyaka We-Bygone"

Ubuntu buka-Oleg buvele kwi-annals of historians, xa iziganeko ezihlobene nokufa kwenkosana yaseNogorodian uRurik zachazwa . Ukufa, uRurik wamnika phantsi kwengqalelo yonyana wakhe omncinci u-Igor. Ngo-879, inyana kaNovgorod kunye no-Igor yindoda yaba yinkxalabo kaOleg, obani ababhali-mlando babecinga isihlobo somfazi kaRurik. Abaphandi banamhlanje bathi uOleg wayengumlwi onobuchule oba yindoda kunye nomntu osondeleyo wenkosana yaseNovgorod. Nabani na uOleg - waba ngu-regent phantsi kwe-Igor, isikhulu seNovagorod kunye neKiev, umntu owayenamandla ngexesha lokudalwa kweRashiya enye. U-Nestor wengxelo kwi "Tale" yakhe ichaza imisebenzi yesikhulu kwaye ubonisa isizathu sokuba u-Oleg umprofeti.

Uhambo oluya eKiev

Ukuba ngumlawuli kunye no-Novgorod, u-Oleg kwiminyaka emithathu ekhulelwe ukuba wandise ummandla weqununu kwaye waya kwiphulo lokuya eSmolensk. Emva kokuqokelela umkhosi omkhulu, ngo-882, uya kwisezantsi kwaye uwathabathe esi sixeko. Emva kukaSmolensk walandela uLyubech. Kule mizi wabeka amagosa akhe ngeenani elaneleyo zamajoni kwaye wahamba phambili kwiDnieper. Endleleni yakhe yayinguKiev. Ngelo xesha ubukumkani baseKiev bwenziwa ngo-Askold no-Dir. INkosana u-Oleg wayenaso isithunzi somdlali wezempi onamava kunye nendoda ekhaliphile. Ngesinye iintaba zaseKiev, wafihla iqela lakhe waza wabonakala kuphela no-Igor ezandleni zakhe. Ukukholisa u- Askold no-Drey ukuba le nto ihambele ngendlela eya kumaGrike, wabakhupha ngaphandle kwesi sixeko. Ama-Warriors atyhawula abalawuli, kwaye iKieg yafunyanwa yiNkosana uOleg.

Kutheni kusisiprofeto? Eli gama laqala ukubizwa ngokuba ngumkhankaso we-Byzantine kuphela, ngo-907. Okwangoku, waba ngumbutho waseKiev waza wachaza lo mzi "unina wezixeko zaseRashiya." Ukususela ngoko, u-Oleg uye waqhuba umgaqo-nkqubo wokudibanisa amaSlav, ukwandisa imida yelizwe, ukukhululwa kwintlawulo, eyayihlawulwa kwiintlanga zabantu.

Ukuhamba ukuya eByzantium

Ukuba ubheka ingcaciso echazayo, ungabona ukuba igama lomprofeti alithetha nje "ukulungelelanisa" kuphela, kodwa "nomntu onengqiqo." NguNkosana uOleg. Kwakukulo phulo lokulwa neByzantium ngo-907 ukuba u-Oleg umprofeti wabonisa ubungqina bakhe. Emva kokuzala umkhankaso, wahlanganisa umkhosi omkhulu, kungekhona kuphela kumahashe, kodwa nakwiinqanawa. Zizo zonke iintlobo zabantu: ama-Varangi, i-Chudis, i-Krivichi, i-Slovenes, nabanye abaninzi, abo amaGrike athi "iSythia Enkulu". INkosi Igor yahlala ilawula iKiev, yaye u-Oleg waqhubeka nephulo. Kusemva kwephulo ekucacileyo ukuba kutheni i-Oleg "Veschim" ibizwa ngegama. Umnqweno wokwandisa imida yaseRashiya, ukuseka ubudlelwane bezorhwebo namanye amazwe aqhube u-Oleg kwiphulo lokulwa neByzantium, apho waya khona ngo-907.

Ukulwa

Ukuza eConstantinople (eConstantinople) nomkhosi kunye neenqanawa, eziyiiwaka ezimbini, uOleg wahlala elunxwemeni. Oku kwakufuneka kwenziwe, kuba umzi ukusuka ecaleni lolwandle wawukhuselekile ngamaketanga avaliweyo i- Golden Horn Bay, kwaye iinqanawa zazingenakuzinqoba. Ehamba elwandle, uNkosana uOleg waqala ukulwa malunga noConstantinople: wabulala abantu abaninzi, washisa umlilo ezindlwini nakwiicawa, wenza okubi kakhulu. Kodwa esi sixeko asizange side. Emva koko u-Oleg wenyuka ngeqhinga: wayala ukuba iinqanawa zifakwe kumavili. Xa umsila womoya uvuthela, kwahamba iinqanawa kwaye iinqanawa zaza zaya ngaseTsargrad. AmaGrike aqonda ukuba kwakuyisikhathi sokuthumela abathunywa kunye nokuvuma ngokuhlawula. Bathembisa u-Oleg ukuba anike yonke into ayifunayo. Bamzisa izitya ezahlukeneyo kunye newayini, leyo inkosana ayingayamkeli, esaba ukuba konke oko kwakunobuthi-kwaye kwakungekho mpazamo. Le nyaniso ibonisa nokuba kutheni u-Oleg "Isiprofeto" esabizwa ngegama: ukubonela phambili kwangasindisa ubomi bakhe.

Inkemba emasangweni aseConstantinople

UOleg umprofeti u-Oleg wabeka umvuzo. Walawula ukuba ahlawule i-hryvnias ezili-12 kwijoni ngalinye kwiinqanawa: kwakukho amashumi mane. Kwaye iinqanawa-amawaka amabini. Walawula ukuba anike umvuzo kwizixeko: eKiev, eChernigov, eLyubech, eRostov, Polotsk, ePeryaslavl nakwezinye iindawo apho u-Oleg alawula khona. AmaGrike ayavuma zonke iimeko ngenxa yokugcina uxolo kwilizwe labo. Ukuseka uxolo, bafunga ngesifungo: ookumkani baseGrike babanga isiphambano kwaye bathembisa ukuhlawula umvuzo. Kwaye uNkosana u-Oleg kunye namadoda akhe bafungela izixhobo zabo kunye noothixo: iiRusic zabeziintlanga. Ba thembisa ukuba abayi kulwa, kwaye benze uxolo. Ngombonakaliso wokunqoba amaGrike, uOleg walukhupha ikhuselo lakhe emasangweni esi sixeko kwaye emva kokubuya kwakhe. UOleg wabuyela eKiev nobutyebi obukhulu, waza wabizwa ngokuba ngumntu emva kwakhe - "Siyi". Ngesihlandlo sokuqala, isayinwe loxolo esayinwe phakathi kwamazwe amabini - uRush neByzantium, ubuhlobo buye lwasungulwa: bavumelekile ukuqhuba urhwebo-free trade. Kodwa emva kokuba enze iphutha elibulalayo kunye no-Oleg Veshchiy: iziganeko zokufa kwakhe zithetha ngale nto.

Isiprofeto seMagi

U-Oleg wesiprofeto wayethetha nomlingo ngombuzo wokufa kwakhe: kutheni kufanele afe? Baxela ukufa kwihashe lakhe elithandayo. Kwaye u-Oleg umProfeti wayala ukuba abeke ihashe, atye, kodwa akayi kukhokelela kuyo. Ulungele ukuba ungahlali kuye. Oku kwaphela iminyaka emininzi. UOleg waqhubeka nokukhankanya, wabusa eKiev, wagqiba uxolo kunye namazwe amaninzi. Ukususela kwiminyaka emine idlulile, isihlanu, iminyaka engama-912 ifikile. Induna yabuya esuka kwiphankaso esuka eTrargrad kwaye ikhumbule ihashe. Ukubizela umyeni, wenza uphando ngempilo yakhe. Yayiphi na impendulo: ihashe yafa. Yaye loo minyaka-emithathu. UOleg wenza isigqibo sokuba iiMagi zikhohlisayo kwiziprofeto zabo: ihashe sele ifile, kwaye isikhulu sisaphila! Kutheni uOleg Veschi engazange akholelwe kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba afune ukuhlala ehashe? Oku kwaziwa nakubani na. UOleg wayefuna ukubona amathambo akhe aze aye kwindawo ahlala kuyo. Ebona ikhanga lehashe, wahamba phezu kwakhe ngamazwi: "Ngaba le nto ndiyifaka ukuba ndibulale ukufa?"

Ukusuka kwintayi kwakubonakala inyoka kwaye yaxhuma u-Oleg oyiprofeto emlenzeni. Emva koko wagula waza wafa. Isibikezelo malunga nendlela iNkosana uOleg Oleg eya kufa ngayo, echaza ngayo imbali ye-Nestor, ilapha, kwaye le ngongoma iziswa.

Iminyaka yoLawulo

Omkhulu uDuke waseKiev no-Novgorod ongumprofeti u-Oleg wathola udumo ngo-879 waza wafa ngo-912. Iminyaka yokulawula kwakhe ayizange ibonwe: ngeli xesha, ukuhlanganiswa kwezizwe zaseSlavic kwenzeka, kunye neendawo ezilodwa, eKiev, zahlelwa. Umda weRussi wanda kakhulu, kwaye ubudlelwane obuhle bobuhlobo kunye neByzantium bubekwe. Kutheni u-Oleg "isiprofeto" abizwa? Ngenxa yobulumko bakhe, ukubonela phambili, ukukwazi ukukhetha isicwangciso esilungileyo kunye nokuqhuba ngokufanelekileyo umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle.