Ermak: biography. Cossack Ataman, lo moyisi kwimbali eSiberia

Engqondweni zithandwa oyisa edume ka eSiberia - Ermak Timofeevich - iye ibe par kunye hero uyindumasi, lokuba ubuntu obalaseleyo nje, washiya uphawu yabo kwimbali weRashiya, kodwa engumqondiso elizukileyo yayo elidlulileyo ubalulekileyo. Le Cossack Ataman sele iqalile yophuhliso babeziindleko ezinkulu ukwandisa Stone bhanti - Great phambene Iintaba.

Riddle onxulumene imvelaphi Ermak

mbali Modern, kukho yeengcinga eliqela enxulumene kwimbali imvelaphi yayo. On omnye wabo, Ermak, biography egama ndaba izizukulwana ezininzi izazinzulu, yaba Don Cossack, kwelinye - eli Urals. Noko ke, kuyabonakala ukuba oko kusekelwe kokusinda yokuqokelela ngqangi wenkulungwane XVIII, isixelela ukuba intsapho yakhe luvela Suzdal, apho utatomkhulu wayeyindoda bedolophu.

Uyise, uTimoti, luqhutywa indlala nobuhlwempu, wafudukela Urals, apho wafumana indawo yokusabela amazwe atyebileyo solepromyshlennikov - ngabarhwebi Stroganoff. Apho ke sahlala, watshata bakhulisa oonyana ababini - Rodion kunye Basil. Kolu xwebhu, kulandela ukuba le nto kuthiwa ubhaptizo engcwele koyisa elizayo eSiberia. Ifudusiwe igama elifanayo kwimbali Ermak - isiteketiso, omnye wabo ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo elinikiweyo bume Cossack.

Iminyaka emkhosini

Unokuloyisa babeziindleko zaseSiberia Ermak Timofeevich waya, sele emva kwakhe nokuphangalala kwamava yokulwa. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba iminyaka emashumi mabini, kunye namanye Cossacks elimlindileyo imida osemazantsi eRashiya, yaye xa 1558 ukumkani Ivan Grozny waqala War Livonian, wathabatha inxaxheba kolo hambo, yaye baba nodumo njengomnye irhuluneli kakhulu onesibindi. ingxelo abalondolozwa kwingqwayi-Polish kwisixeko Mogilev buqu kuKumkani Stefan Batory, apho uyaziva isibindi sakhe.

Ngowe-1577 abanikazi kanye belizwe phambene - Abarhwebi Stroganoff - waqesha iqela elikhulu phambene Cossacks ukuba uvikele kuhlasela njalo loonothwal, ikhokelwa ngu-Khan Kuchum. Isimemo ezifunyenweyo Ermak. Ibali lobomi bakhe ukuba mzuzu yenza ijika elibi - a Cossack Ataman omncinane-eyaziwa waba yintloko abahloli akhaliphileyo ka eSiberia, ngonaphakade abhalwe amagama abo kwimbali.

Kwiphulo Wathobisa bendawo

Kamva, le Siberian Khanate wazama ukuba sihlale ngoxolo akwa Russian necocekileyo was ukuhlawula irhafu - walihlahlisa ngokohlobo izikhumba zezilwanyana ezinoboya-langa, kodwa oku lwandulelwe ixesha elide yaye kunzima lamaphulo kunye amadabi. Izicwangciso udumo Kuchum kwakuquka ekugxothweni Stroganoff nabo bonke abo baphila kumazwe abo kunye Urals Western nemilambo Chusovaya kunye Kama.

Ukuba ndizinyathele iintlanga, abangaswele kuthobela mntu uye umkhosi omkhulu kakhulu - eziliwaka elinamakhulu amathandathu amadoda. Kuloo minyaka hlathi edge ezikude kuphela kwendlela yoqhagamshelwano enokusetyenziswa yaba omlambo, kwaye kwebali Yermak isixelela ngendlela wahamba phezu amakhuba Hundred Cossack - izikhephe ezinkulu enzima linokuthwala abantu abangamashumi amabini kunye zonke izinto.

Ermak kunye neempawu zayo

Eli phulo sele zilungiselelwe ngocoselelo, kunye Stroganoff akazange azisole imali yokuthenga izixhobo ezingcono ngelo xesha. Xa nokutshitshiswa kwee-Cossacks baba arquebuses ezimakhulu mathathu, ekwaziyo Ngokubetha utshaba kwi kumgama seemitha ezimakhulu, ezimbalwa imikhono nedazini nkqu arquebus Spanish. Ngaphezu koko, lima nganye baxhotyiswa ngemipu ezininzi, siwenze Ngaloo ukulwa inqanawa. Konke oku kwenza i Cossacks inzuzo ebalulekileyo phezu hlokondiba i khan kaThixo, ngokubanzi lo gama zange eyaziwa imipu.

Kodwa ke into ephambili negalelo kwimpumelelo yeli phulo, waba umbutho ecacileyo wacinga-kakuhle amabutho. Squad yonke yayahlulwe regiments, ekhokelwa Ermak wabeka yinkokeli kakhulu abanamava ohloniphekileyo. Ngexesha ekulweni, umyalelo zabo zesini imiyalezo usebenzisa imibhobho ifakwe, timpani namagubu. Yena wadlala indima kunye isiyalo intsimbi, wabeka imihla lokuqala phulo.

Ermak: biography waba legend

iphulo Famous waqala kaSeptemba 1, 1581. data zembali ekuziseni Ermak zibonisa ukuba umkhosi wakhe, bawela Kama River, ukuya efikelela kuyo umlambo Chusovaya behla umlambo ekufikelelwe Serebryanka Tagil idlula. Apha e Kokuy-kwidolophu ezakhiwa ngayo, i Cossacks wachitha ebusika, kwaye entlakohlaza baqhubeka nendlela yabo ecaleni umlambo Tagil - sele kwelinye icala phambene Iintaba.

Kufutshane emlonyeni umlambo hlathi Tours yaba idabi lokuqala ezinkulu kunye nangezinto. kwecala labo elikhokelwa ngumtshana ye-Khan Mametkulom behlaselwa kunye elunxwemeni ndihlanjwe Cossacks ilifu iintolo, kodwa saa ukubuyiswa arquebuses umlilo. Kwawona nje ukuhlaselwa, Ermak kunye namadoda akhe baqhubeka nendlela yabo, waphuma waya emlanjeni Tobol. Kwabakho ingxabano olutsha notshaba, eli xesha kumhlaba. Nangona kukho inyaniso yokuba omabini amacala wabandezeleka ilahleko enkulu, i AmaTatar babebulawa basaba.

Ukuthatha imizi utshaba enqatyisiweyo

Emva kwezi Okwemfazwe zalandelwa ezimbini nangaphezulu - i-Battle of the Tobol River kufutshane Irtysh kunye ngokuthabatha Tatar isixeko Karachinov. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, Usindiso iphumelele ngenxa nje kuphela Isibindi Cossacks, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ezibalaseleyo waka ilifa Ermak. ESiberia - zezindlu zooyise Khan Kuchum - ngcembe kudlule phantsi Protectorate Russian. Wahlulwa Karachinov khan wabhokoxa yonke imigudu yakhe kuphela kumanyathelo ukuzithethelela, eshiya amabhongo zabo.

Emva kwexesha elifutshane, ukuthatha enye ingongoma enqatyisiweyo Ermak ekugqibeleni bafika ikomkhulu Siberian Khanate - City Isker. Legend of Ermak, alondolozwe ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, uchaza waya indlela abathathu Cossacks ukuya kuhlasela isixeko, yaye nangezinto ezintathu walwa kumkhosi Orthodox. Ekugqibeleni, amahashe abo liqalise sortie ngenxa yokuba izakhiwo ukuzithethelela, batsiba ukuya Cossacks.

Leyo impazamo yazo oyingozi. Xa kokubona abatoli, baye kubo lula. Njengoko ithamo ngalinye arquebuses zelizwe alekwe ezintsha kunye namaqumrhu ezintsha nangezinto. Ekugqibeleni Isker abavikeli wabaleka, eshiya ukuba ukuzimela Khan. Usindiso epheleleyo. Oku waphumelela ezintshabeni yesixeko Ermak kunye nomkhosi wakhe wachitha ubusika. Njengoko sezopolitiko olumkileyo, wakwazi ukuseka ubudlelwane kunye nezizwe hlathi lwasekuhlaleni, ngaloo ndlela sikuphephe kwegazi ngokungeyomfuneko.

End of yokuphila Ermak

Ikomkhulu owayesakuba Siberian Khanate e Moscow uthumele iqela Cossacks nge ingxelo ngenkqubela hambo, kunye isicelo ukusekelwa kunye nezityebi Yasaka ngezikhumba izilwanyana ezinoboya-langa. Ivan Grozny, ukuze siqonde ekuhlengahlengiseni Ermak, bathumela yokuthobela kwakhe enesihlwele esinzima enkulu, yaye ngokobuqu wanika iqokobhe sentsimbi - umqondiso phambi kokuphakama kwakhe yobukumkani.

Kodwa nangona zonke inkqubela, ubomi Cossacks kwenzeka sisengozini yokuhlaselwa entsha nangezinto. Lixhoba kuzo oyisa edume ka eSiberia - Ermak. Biography episode ngayo Bemba xa Agasti ebusuku omnyama 1585 ibutho Cossacks, wachitha ubusuku phezu kweenxweme hlathi lomlambo zasendle, kuyinyamezela ixesha.

nokunganaki Fatal wavumela AmaTatar ngesiquphe siyakulwa nabo. Ekubalekeleni kwiintshaba, Ermak wazama ukuqubha ngaphesheya komlambo, kodwa isikrweqe enzima - isipho kukumkani - ubhidwe kuye ezantsi. Ngoko yaphela ubomi banentsomi owanika Russia babeziindleko ezinkulu eSiberia.