ESt kaMichael Monastery: inkcazelo, imbali, uyilo, esekelwe kunye amibala

ESt Michael kaThixo Monastery, ehlala endala ngcwele of Kiev, iquka isakhiwo itempile sakhiwe egameni zingelosi uMikayeli, umxhasi mzi. Ukongeza ukufaneleyo ukuqina zobugcisa bobugcisa isonto, peculiarity yayo yeyokuba yokuqala eRashiya etempileni nkundla isale ngegolide yena. Oku kwanika igama ukuba yonke weemonki ezintsonkothileyo.

Cathedral, lamiswa Prince Svyatopolk

Kwenza ukukholelwa ukuba ulwakhiwo woonongendi edibene igama Metropolitan of Kiev, uMikhail, kukho inkolo eyaziwayo ye X kwekhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ulwakhiwo yecawa edumileyo igolide-angqukuva yaqalisa kwenkulungwane kuphela kamva, ebudeni bolawulo Prince Svyatopolka Izyaslavicha. Kokubhaptizwa, elika uMikayeli, kunye nokwakhiwa icawa umqondiso ukuvelela abalungiselele abalulamileyo pha phezu kwakhe umxhasi ezulwini.

Sakhiwe prince abangcwele, lo Cathedral baqhuba indawo ebalulekileyo kubomi babemi kwakunye eKiev waba phantsi ukusekelwa yasezulwini Arhangela Mihaila. Nje kwenzeka St. Michael i-Golden-angqukuva Monastery, ku ezahlukene apho wayelilungu, ukususela kwinkulungwane XII yaba yindawo yokungcwabela yentsapho njengenkosana abantu. Yaba uhlobo yonk 'into ekuthiwa, obonisa phezu amangcwaba abo ixesha obalulekileyo kwimbali Kievan Rus.

Dome First igolide eRashiya

Ngowe-1108 isiganeko ebonakalayo eyenzeka ebomini woonongendi: ukusuka kwikomkhulu yaseByzantium eConstantinople zaye zadluliselwa kuye esele St. Barbara, ezaba zamahenyu ephambili yale weemonki. Ukuze eli xesha abaphandi bathi kunye ukuzalwa ngokutsha ngexesha yesiko yokuyilwa ngobugcisa kwayo kwawo ihonjiswe. Church of St. Arhangela Mihaila yaba yeyokuqala eRashiya, apho abakhi saphumeza le ezintsha.

Ngokuhlaselwa nangezinto kolawulo Polish

Nzulu ngayo bayahlelwa woonongendi ngexesha ngokuhlaselwa abahlaseli iintlanga. Phakathi kwabo, umonakalo omkhulu ukuya weemonki yabangela ingxokolo AmaTatar woyisa Kiev ngo-1482. Azitshabalalisa izakhiwo ezininzi woonongendi, wabatshabalalisa zesikhumbuzo nanto yokudweba Old Russian nokubhala.

Xa eSt Michael kaThixo Monastery, kunye nalo lonke Kiev, wawa phantsi kolawulo ookumkani Polish, waba amaxhwebhu ukuba wabanika igunya lokuba yokunyula abbots kwaye inikeza ukuzimela geqe igunya yabefundisi of metropolitans kunye irhuluneli ngokwesigqibo esicalanye. Oku kukhokelele kuphuhliso wayo, yaye, ngokutsho amaxwebhu kwimbali ixesha, ukuze phakathi kwenkulungwane XVI, woonongendi yaba liziko zonqulo sikhulu izityebi Kiev.

ukulwa Uniates

Sibubone iziganeko ezinkulu ka looNongendi iSt Michael yaqala ngenkulungwane XVII ekuqaleni, xa uKumkani Poland wamnika ilifa Uniate - abameli Greek Catholic Church, uzama ukusasaza nempembelelo yalo kwimimandla esemazantsi kunye kumzantsi-ntshona eRashiya.

kwiinzame zabo kuthimba amafa sokubandakanyeka woonongendi waza wambeka isiphelo Cossacks ngeengalo abo ilwelwe iitempile zooyise.

Igazi uliphalaze abavikeli bahlala nilwamkelele ilize. Ngenxa isigodlo yabo inkalipho alawulwa yi-Orthodox, umphathi walo Job Boretsky yaphakanyiswa ku Metropolitan. Ekhohlo ibikukuphila phantsi iindonga woonongendi, nto leyo yandiswa ngokubonakalayo ubume bayo, ukuze iminyaka emininzi yokuhlala isigxina Metropolitan.

eminyaka Iziganeko XVII-XVIII

Inqanaba elilandelayo ebalulekileyo kubomi woonongendi yaqala ngo-1654, xa kwakukho uqhagamshelwano of Kiev kunye nemimandla isifundo sakhe kurhulumente Russian. Nangona isibakala sokuba weemonki Michael elilahlekileyo yinxalenye ngamafa zalo ilizwe, ebe yipropathi Commonwealth, ukulahlekelwa ngaphezu babuyekezwe kunye hetman kunye namagosa Cossack, ilifa iimonki ukubhalisa iindawo ezinkulu, ibekwe i ekhohlo-bank Ukraine. Ukuqala 1800 nayo woonongendi yaba yokuhlala UmMeli Kyïv eDayosisi.

Ngexesha XVII-XVIII kwiinkulungwane yonke inezakhiwo ithe ngokutsha enkulu ukumila xesha yobuciko. Ngenxa yemisebenzi kumanyange, ngakumbi pre-Mongol icawa zibandakanya Cathedral ka Monastery-zingelosi Michael St. Michael kaThixo. Ukusuka kube kuphela isibingelelo apse, iingceba iindonga kunye lwale engundoqo. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo zahlawula ebhanyabhanya yamandulo esekelwe ukuba banxibe iindonga zetempile. Kwane- zifundwa mbali ngobugcisa, baye ukususela zazishenxisiwe wambuyisela.

Ukukhumbula imbali pre-olululo woonongendi, singasathethi ngeyabo woonongendi eyakhelwe kufuphi eKiev, yaye ukusondela sigodlo yakhe eponymous, ziguqulelwe 1712 kwi emqukumbelweni. Le isigodlo oyingcwele nayo yasungulwa imbeko umxhasi ongcwele umzi - Arhangela Mihaila.

Ekutshatyalalisweni Cathedral ngexesha eSoviet

Akukho namnye Tartars, ngalizwi angaboyisi angaphandle looNongendi eSt Michael iye ungandivumeli lahleko ezinjalo noqhekeko, zombini ukusuka abemi baso ngemithetho yaso ababhalise ngamaxesha eSoviet bubugeza yokungabi. Xa ikomkhulu Ukrainian wafuduselwa ukusuka eKharkov ukuya eKiev, waza wathabatha eninzi isithuba ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ofisi, abasemagunyeni republic wayalela ukuba kudilizwe le yecawa endala.

Nangona bonke lizama ukugcina ubugcisa ekutshatyalalisweni lesikhumbuzo yamandulo ekhethekileyo, ngo-1934-1936, umsebenzi ukudilizwa wayo bathwalwa phandle. Ebhanyabhanya kunye esekelwe eSt Michael ka-Golden-angqukuva Monastery yecawa wasinda ngokuyinxenye. Baye bomelezwa ngokusekelwe ezintsha zibekwe eSt Nozipho Cathedral, ibekwe embindini Kiev.

nooAshera Orthodox, ebe pieces lwembali

Ukugcina lo mfanekiso wasedongeni ebewenza kaMoses "uMthendeleko" kwafuneka ukuba kwakhiwe iholo mboniso endlwini ka St. Nozipho Cathedral eludongeni, kanye ukuzala kucacile ukuba apse yengcwele Michael Church. Ezinye iingceba ebhanyabhanya kunye esekelwe ifakiwe ingqokelela yeemyuziyam eMoscow, iLeningrad naseKiev.

Ngexesha nomsebenzi German le ebhanyabhanya kunye esekelwe wayihombisa eSt Michael kaThixo Monastery, baye basiwa eJamani. Emva kwemfazwe babuyela kwilizwe lethu, kodwa hayi kwi kweenxweme Dnieper, kwaye ziimyuziyam kweminye imizi. Izinto ezingcwele of St. Barbara, kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, kuba loo ndawo yonqulo ephambili woonongendi, ukususela ekuqaleni gqira sangcwatywa kwi the Vladimir Cathedral e Kiev. Umfanekiso Imbasa looNongendi iSt Michael kaThixo bunokubonwa eMoscow, iLeningrad kunye Novgorod.

Kufuneka kuchazwe Kuyadanisa kakhulu. Isicwangciso ukwakha isakhiwo solawulo ndawo apho ngaphambili waye yecawa iphambili looNongendi iSt Michael kaThixo, zange iphunyezwe. Kokutshabalalisa lesikhumbuzo zexabiso zakhiwo yamandulo zetempile, amandla wemka endaweni yayo yinkangala ngexesha eSoviet zibonisa isimo sabo okungenaluzsini ukuba imbali yabo.

indlu savuka

Kwakhona ekupheleni koo yi womzobi Yu Lissitzky, itempile sivulwe ngoMeyi 30, 1999. Labuyela izinto ezininzi nohombisoa yangaphambili, iivenkile ukuya xesha zeemyuziyam lizwe kunye pediment elinamawonga ikopi Umfanekiso yamandulo Arhangela Mihaila.

Le belfry, ukusungulwa ngokomfanekiso wamandulo, wabeka isixhobo somculo mihla - a carillon. Ngoncedo zeemvumi lobungcali enze kuqamba entsonkothileyo ngokomoya.