Icon ye nguMama kaThixo Zhirovitskoy: inkcazelo kunye nembali icon

Phakathi umfanekiso adumileyo ungowokubongwa Virgin Mary icon Zhirovitskoy uMama kaThixo elusuku olukhe- ngenxa yembali yalo eyodwa ukubonakala ngenxa engaqhelekanga kwiimeko ezinjalo, ubuchule ngokubulawa. Ngapha koko, loo nto babemjonga ngokulinganayo njengoko Orthodox othembekileyo kunye nezalathiso nasentshonalanga abalandeli zamaKristu.

Inkcazelo icons unique

Ngokungafaniyo icons yethu yesiqhelo umfanekiso Zhirovitsky yi umkhondo okweqanda ngohlobo isiqabu asenze Jasper. imilinganiso yalo mancinci kakhulu - h4,1h0,8 5.7 cm, nangaphandle oko kufana icon sifuba okanye eye-. Elinye icala le icon ezigudileyo. Jasper, ukuba yenziwe ukusuka apho, ibe indibanisela yendalo imibala emnyama obomvu kunye eluhlaza, icandelo zokubonwayo imbola nombala.

Mother oyiNgcwele kaThixo imelwa ukuyibamba ngesandla sasekunene kweemveku angunaphakade, ngelixa ekhohlo licinezelwe nxamnye esifubeni. Queen Bareheaded yamazulu ityekele ekugcinweni wanamathela uNyana wakhe kunye Adi Yakhe. Baby UYesu ambethe ingubo elifutshane, iyishiye obala ngamadolo akhe. Intloko nguMama noNyana jize. Kumacala omabini iileta ezikhethekileyo yamaGrike, zemveli olu hlobo ii icon, kwaye ezibonisa amagama abo.

Zhirovitskoy Icon of Lady yethu, inkcazelo ezinikwe apha ngentla, woba uhlobo iconographic, ebizwa ngokuba "Vrilissia" - Nomsa. Olu hlobo Marian imifanekiso yakudala kakhulu, kwaye sele uvele eYiputa kwixesha lamaKristu okuqala, xa ifunyenwe lokudubula ekuthiwa-art Coptic.

Nakhodka cowherd young

Imbali ye-icon yi nje engaqhelekanga nangokuvela kwalo. Eli bali (kunye nabantu, njengoko siyazi, akukho nto uya kukuxelela), ukuba 1470 i icon yatyhilwa kuqala kummandla Grodno kufuphi elalini Zhirovichi, igama apho, nina thelekelwayo oko, wanika negama layo. Kwenzeka ukuba abantwana basekuhlaleni zazisitya iinkomo ehlathini, wayevela isityebi olinene - Lithuanian ngokuzalwa, kodwa ukholo obudala. Igama lakhe Alexander Soltan.

Ngequbuliso (kunye ilizwi ngokuqhelekileyo isoloko fun iqala kwi amabali), babona ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo eyaphulo Wakhula isithsaba esesiphelweni umthi emibhaka. Ukoyisa uloyiko, cowherd Kwathi esondela, wabona phakathi ayo icon ezincinane, ukusuka apho macala onke ray. Xa umoya bated, abantwana isuswe kumthi ukufunyanwa emangalisayo, yaye uleqa nayo umniniyo. Akubuzwa ukuba le icon ye nguMama kaThixo Zhirovitskoy - Blagozdravnitsa njengoko Kwazeka kamva ngenxa emininzi Ngayo ngokusebenzisa imimangaliso yakhe zempiliso.

Qala imimangaliso obekubonakala

Alexander Soltan, a ukwazi zididekile kakhulu, wayengazi ukuba benze ntoni na, kodwa ngokukunika makhwenkwe kwengqekembe, nje xa kunokwenzeka icon itshixiwe esifubeni, kumiselwa xa kuvela ithuba lokuba athathe lwakhe Grodno uze ubonise ubhishophu Diocesan. Ezenziwe-iron ibhokisi - into oluthembekileyo, naphi na kuyo ukufumana (expensive, kubonakala) akayi naphi. Ndothuka xa ngemini elandelayo, abanqwenela kukuqhayisa kwi abamenyiweyo, wafumana ibhokisi oluxabisekileyo engenanto.

Isimanga ukoyikisa master umkhonzi ngeentuthumbo obungunaphakade kwihlabathi elilandelayo, kwaye iintonga kuwo, bonke wafunga ukuba niyazi abazi nto. Kwaye ibhokisi ezibalulekileyo sibulaleke ubusuku wachitha entanyeni yakhe. Kaloku, kucacile nezandla zakhe ityala. amagumbi Soltan efafazwe ngamanzi angcwele, uze ucinge ukuba angenza ntoni. Ngequbuliso (kwakhona, oko ngesiquphe) le ubeyalusa efanayo kwakhona wabona kwi ngohlangothi sele eziqhelekileyo kubo, elubengezelo kunye, zokulindela iingqekembe ezimbalwa ngaphezulu, indulumbane kuye.

ubomi obufutshane kwicawa somthi

Re-ukufunyanwa kwe icon washiya Akuthandabuzeki ukuba kufunyenweyo nto elifutshane ummangaliso, yaye yena Alesandr Soltan, njengabanyulwa bakaThixo, apho athe wabonakala. Efuna ukuzibonakalisa bafanelwe lilungelo omkhulu onjalo, amanene nangoko wayalela ukuba ukwakha esesiphelweni ehlathini, apho umalusi kwakukho Zhirovitskoy icon ye nguMama kaThixo, ibandla ngomthi, wazibeka ingcwele lwakhe.

Ngasemdeni yehlathi-zizityebi, ukwakha into elide ukuba ityala - ukukhangela inkosi ayizange, indlela nezamazembe kakhulu cwaka, waza wakhulela phakathi kwebandla ukugawulwa-elihle. Kodwa, uyabona, hayi uYehova wawusikelela umsebenzi wakhe - ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu njengoko wabetha umphezulu yaye yatshiswa ebusuku, zomthi, sekunjalo enuka ukwakhiwa nentlaka. Kwathi ebusuku, kwaye ngelixa belali yamvusa intsimbi zapoloshny de wabaleka - isityu nto ngasekhohlo. Wahlala kwisiza yecawe kuphela ngumwewe ukutshaya wamalahle.

Ukufunyanwa wesithathu ngokungummangaliso

Yaba amahlwempu nofefe ngayo imisebenzi yabo, kunye inkosi yakhe - kuthetha wonakele wodumo, kodwa inkoliso yabo bonke azisole icon ngokungummangaliso, nto leyo bamfumana efile ngomlilo. Balo chayali elide ukubona indlela ngesiquphe (okwesihlandlo sesithathu le nto yonke ngequbuliso a) abantwana efanayo, kodwa esiza esikolweni - mhlawumbi kwinkulungwane XV ezilalini Zhirovichi waye - waphawula kufuphi ibandla atshiswe-out ehleli phezu Ibhinqa rock ubuhle zibonwe, Bayenza ke icon aziqhelileyo izandla.

Emva kokuva ukuba ibali abafana udidekile, le lali, ababekholelwa ukuba baphinde zatyelelwa ngokotyhilelo kaThixo, wabalekiselwa kuloo ndawo, musa ukulibala ukubiza kumfundisi wasekuhlaleni, owathi yena, wathatha uyise-idikoni eneebhanile yes imifanekiso. Ngokubanzi, ukuba uthuthu Church ngaphuma umngcelele.

Ke kaloku, bakubon 'ukuba bonke zilungele umqondiso, kodwa engathandi bhuxe xa ngamatye, mnyama yi uthuthu lweziko, phambi kwabo wabonakala zingabanjwanga ngokupheleleyo ngomlilo Zhirovitskoy icon ye Lady yethu. Ibali ingase ibonakale, yinto eningenakukholwa yiyo, kodwa phantse emithandathu eminyaka nangomphefumlo ukuphulaphula, ileswa izizukulwana ezininzi amaKristu uMama Russia, kunye namazwe zahluke ndithuthumela.

Itempile, leyo iqale ukwakha woonongendi

Kugxile kwi Aleksandra Soltana icon ngokutsha ukusuka uthuthu intsomi ePhoenix, ngathi lokuduma. Ngoko nangoko wayalela ukuba ukwakha ibandla ngamatye kuye, baniqalekisayo ngokunyanisekileyo mna loo okwenkawu kuqala, waza wamisa ibandla ngeplanga zezinto nanto kangaka. Kaloku, ewe, akuthethi, njengoko nisazi, byi kabini. Waqesha neengcibi, neengcibi zeendonga, nabo wasikelela, wakha iBandla ilitye le Dormition, leyo yabekwa ngokunzulu Zhirovitskoy icon ye nguMama kaThixo - izihlandlo ezithathu abalahlekileyo efumaneka kabili.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI ngeenxa ibandla kwasekwa uluntu emishini, ngoko similise eMonastri. Rhode Soltanov nasheyi baphela ngexesha igcinwe kufeza kufezeke abekwezo ndawo, yaye omnye abameli balo egameni kaYakobi wada waya kwakha ibandla lityeni woonongendi okwangoku. Noko ke, izicwangciso zakhe abazange umiselwe ukuba waqonda, njengoko kumbindi kwilali kwinkulungwane ye Zhirovichi wanikwa ukuba amatyala kwi bhanki mortgage uIsake Mikhalevich, wayithenga kuphela iindlalifa kaYakobi abo bayiwelayo nexesha kubuKatolika.

isigodlo Uniate phantsi kwegunya

Ngowe-1605 Zhirovichi kwakhona utshintsho umniniyo, loo nto yaba Lithuanian uLord Ivan Meleshko wanika ibekwe kwi kummandla bempahla yakhe woonongendi phantsi kolawulo Uniate Church, zilondolozwe, njengoko nisazi, inxalenye yonqulo Orthodox, kodwa ukuthobela kwiVatican. Kwabonakala ke Zhirovitskoy icon yobu uMama kaThixo emthunzini waseRoma abangooBhishophu.

Le ubungakanani bomfanekiso encinci ungowokubongwa Virgin wazisa woonongendi laziwa kakhulu imimangaliso yayo ibonakale ngaye. Ngokomzekelo, xa Lithuanian Hetman Pavel Sapega amajoni Russian akwazi bezwe ngesibetho esikhulu kwilali Polonka, leyo kuthiwa impumelelo yakhe wakhonza umthandazo Zhirovitskoy icon ye nguMama kaThixo, yona ipani irhuluneli ukufunda esidlangalaleni phambi kokuba idabi ngoJuni 1660.

Inyaniso kukuba, ukuba lo ekwindla ka nyaka mnye Pskov Boyar Prince Khovanskiy wambuza kwenduku elungileyo, wazama ukuba ukucinga, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, amakhulu zabanquli beza kunqula i icon ngokungummangaliso, kungekhona ukukhohlwa nizalise lemali weemonki.

A ngomfanekiso elahliwe eRoma

Zhirovitskaya icon ye nguMama kaThixo, photo inikwa kweli nqaku iye kukuzukiswa ngakumbi kwinkulungwane XVIII. Kwenzeka ukuba ngo-1718 isebe yamaRoma Katolika enye odolo zonqulo, kutywinwe iintanda, ngaphantsi ngomaleko udaka ngomfanekiso, zaba noboya ehambelana nomfanekiso Zhirovitskoy icon. Yathi yabuyiswa, yaye kungekudala kakhulu beza ubungqina yokuqala phendla imimangaliso yakhe.

Oku kwenza abameli eVatican ukunikela ingqalelo enkulu kakhulu kwi icon kwi elalini Zhirovichi kwaye emthembisa Isahluko - iqela abefundisi kunye isitulo Episcopal - zaye ifundwa iinkcukacha amangeno ezimakhulu mabini ukuya imisebenzi yayo. Ngenxa yale icon ubungqina wayeyiqonda ngokungummangaliso waza wenza isigqibo ibekwa. Ewe, amaKatolika apho kwaye benze isithethe enjalo.

icons ibekwa

Nemicimbi Zhirovichi ngoSeptemba 1730. Akuzange ngaphambili le lali athobekile angamboniyo izihlwele ezinjalo. Okunye olwandulela usuku olumisiweyo kufika Ukunyathela ezintathu nabasemzini, sikhatshwe webutho of Janissaries, lowo phantsi umyalelo kakumkani Pan Radziwill. Yintoni le khomishini, nkqu Katolika, kodwa umsitho zamaKristu watsala amaSilamsi - ibali ayicacisi.

Icon ye nguMama kaThixo Zhirovitskaya ogama ixabiso ukususela ngelo xesha ikhule ngokungathethekiyo, ebekwe phambi amathathu anesine amawaka, yaye yabanjwa iintsuku ezisibhozo unqulo ezityelelwe alikhulu elinamanci mabini amawaka. Le icon izizithsaba ezimbini zegolide bathunyelwa, ngokukodwa eyenziwe eRoma kuthathelwa Zhirovichi inxusa loopopu. Hi ndlela leyi, zonke iindleko ezinxulumene kunye nokusebenza isiko, kunye nemibhiyozo ezilandelayo wathatha unina unozakuzaku leyo - umhlolokazi of the Polish ukumkani UStanisław Radziwill Anna uKatarzyna.

Ukususela ngoku Icon ye nguMama kaThixo Zhirovitskoy uye waba ngomnye kakhulu iziqu phakathi amaKatolika. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ubabalo lukaThixo, ukuba athumele phantsi kuye nakanye wathandaza umntu aphezulu. Ngoko ke, ngo-1744 leSizwe elungiselelwe kanye le njongo lali Zhirovichi wawongwa yi bekutyelelo Polish King Augustus III, kwaye ngo-1784 - ngukumkani yokugqibela Commonwealth UStanisław Agasti Poniatowski. Liyinyaniso elokuba, wayenolwalamano kunye icon ngokungummangaliso ngokucacileyo zange ukusebenza, kwaye ngo-1795 phantsi neempelesi of dragoons Russian wasiwa uKumkani ukuya Grodno, apho asayina isenzo shela.

Ukubuya kwe icon zeCawa Orthodox

Xa banesifo emva kwenkulungwane XIX kummandla osentshona Russian, inkqubo yokuvuselela jikelele ucwangco yobu zonqulo, enye yeendawo zokuqala apho waphila, yaba lali Zhirovichi. Yayingubani looNongendi wakhe baphinda baba Orthodox. Ekubeni akathist Zhirovitskoy icon ye nguMama kaThixo, wakha kungekudala emva umcimbi, ukuba indawo i basekuhlaleni abangenagama imithandazo Latin.

Ooyeha esifakwa ngekhulu XX

Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, Grodno zonke iindawo ezingqonge kwi embindini zokulwa, ukuze kulondolozwe loo ndawo yonqulo ukuba wachukumiseka yokuqala Moscow Cathedral of kuMoses kwi icandwe, kwaye ke kuloo mzi, zengingqi Vidnoe, apho iminyaka eliqela igcinwe eMonastri uCatherine.

Kwilali yakhe lomthonyama, apho wachitha kwiinkulungwane phantse ezine ezinesiqingatha, i icon babuya ngo-1922. Kulo lonke eli lizwe, ngoko ke nephulo likazwelonke lokulwa nolwaphulo-zonqulo zenzeka, kunye buyo yakhe kwakugcwele emngciphekweni omkhulu. Ngoko ke, ngokukodwa bafika eMonastri owaziwayo Archimandrite Zhirovicheskogo bayithubelezise amazwi nanto, walufaka kuyo ingqayi jam.

Hayi nje sikwazile ukuzisa e Zhirovichi icons iholo, kodwa kungekudala neemonki Pochaev Dormition Monastery wenziwa ngakumbi ngenxa Kyoto yakhe, apho kwabe wayigcina yonke iminyaka elandelayo. Ubukho ezinjalo icons eMonastri nozise negalelo nokubuyiselwa kunye kuvuselelwa ecaweni yayo engundoqo - umbono Cathedral. Ngowe-1938, kunye Zhirovitskoy imingcelele icon ezenziwa kwiindawo ezininzi Western Belarus, apho yonke imali efunyenwe kwizipho, waya ukwenza umsebenzi kuyimfuneko.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, nangona zonke iintshutshiso ukuba iCawa wabandezeleka ngexesha ezininzi kwinkulungwane XX, loo ndawo yonqulo omkhulu Zhirovicheskogo weemonki yaphela uhambo. It uyaqhubeka namhlanje.

Zhirovitskaya sidumisa yintoni esiza?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo zingafumaneka ngokuthi ufonele kule yaqalwa imisebenzi yakhe imbali, uninzi lwazo zicatshulwa ende ukusuka kwiincwadi woonongendi, kunye inkcazelo isenzeko ngokusebenzisa imimangaliso yakhe. Ukuba ngoyaba ukukhankanywa kunokuba ezingaqondakaliyo uncedo ezibonelelwe yi-icon ye Lithuanians xa komdlalo amajoni Russian ngo-1660 phantsi Polonka malunga waxelelwa ngaphezulu, inkoliso iirekhodi zibonisa iimpiliso, ummangaliso obenziwe imithandazo nguMama kaThixo phambi kwalo mfanekiso.

Umbuzo kukuthembeka kunzima kuba ngalinye ngexesha elinye amangqina lotyikityo eqinisekisiweyo. Kwaye hayi kuphela icon ngokwayo umqhubi sobabalo lukaThixo, kodwa iliwa phezu kwayo zabubamba kufuphi ibandla itshiswe-out. Kulo mba, kukho ingxelo isixelela indlela iinkozo ezimbalwa nayo yi idlaka umntu ofayo umfazi omithiyo, wabuyela ebomini bakhe.

Ngenxa yoko, bengahambi ngokwesithethe eliye lakhula phakathi kwabemi Western Belarus waqonda Igqirha ogulayo ukuba kanye Zhirovitskaya icon ye nguMama kaThixo. siyithandazele ngaphandle lokufumana impilo phambi ngale ndlela ngokunyaniseka? Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba Nasono ukumkanikazi wezulu akayi kuba kade zesandla sakhe, yintoni zazivela isicelo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba xa lijonge nkqu nesithunzi sele Ndigxothiwe iintliziyo intandabuzo ethandaza omnipotence yenceba kaThixo obungenasiphelo ka ungowokubongwa Ntombi uthethelela kuthi phambi kwetrone yakhe yasezulwini.