Formwork - kukuba ... Indlela ukwenza formwork?

Formwork - isakhiwo equka ungamalungu amaninzi. Zabo ngqo nenjongo - nokudalwa iibhloko monolithic. Ngoko ke, ukuba uza kwakha indlu, ukuba inxalenye isiseko, nto leyo iya kuba ngaphezu komhlaba, kufuna formwork. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na, ziziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo nendlela yokwenza formwork ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngenxa isiseko wezandla zabo. Ndikholelwe, oku kuya kuba kukwazi ukuphatha wonke umntu oya inkuthalo ngenxa.

Formwork neentlobo zayo

Sele sibonile ukuba ngenxa isiseko babomelele yaye ifomu ezithile zokusebenza, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwakha shuttering. Kwaye ngoku ndinqwenela ukuba kuthi ngayo izimvo zakhe. Okwangoku, kukho kuphela ezimbini: asuswayo and non-asuswayo. Iintlobo ngeentlobo iinkqubo formwork na, umzekelo, inkampani "KRAMOS" - http://www.kramos.ru/opalubka/. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uhlobo formwork kufuneka ligcine ezilula ezimbalwa, kodwa kwangaxeshanye iingxaki kubaluleke kakhulu, intloko phakathi kwabo - ukwamkela ubambe uxinzelelo phezu eziphathekayo, ngoxa ukutshintsha isimo sayo. flow azamkeleki ngekonkriti ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo, koko, formwork kufuneka ngokukhawuleza nangokulula yakhiwe. Makhe sihlolisise kwi, kunye izimvo zalo yaye zijongisise eluncedo nengeloncedo ngamnye.

formwork Fixed and abasusekayo

Uyakwazi ukubona kwisihloko, ukuba emva obandayo isakhiwo iba yinxalenye isiseko yokwakha. Olu hlobo formwork - isakhiwo ezenziwe ngezinto ezilahliweyo. Kulula kwaye fast ukuyifaka. Njengoko izinto ezisetyenziswa ichipboard, fiberboard okanye isakhelo sisinyithi. Kwezinye iimeko, iyavakala ukusebenzisa styrofoam. Siza sithethe kancinane emva koko. Kukho izisombululo ezifanayo, umzekelo, i- pier isiseko ngesinyithi okanye wemibhobho asbestos. ububanzi yabo kuluhlu 150-200 iimilimitha. Uncedo obonakalayo kwalo. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi kwiimeko xa kusetyenziswa pier isiseko kunye concrete-slab. Ukongeza, loo formwork - kukunqongophala kwemisebenzi komhlaba ezongezelelweyo, kwakunye nemfuneko ukufaka iibheringi abangabancedani kunye spacers. Ke ukuba izakhiwo asuswayo, ngoko akukho nto eyodwa ukuthetha ngayo. Emva bathele isiseko nokwakha formwork ukuba ikhululwe, kwaye ibhodi okanye ngamaplanga zingasetyenziswa nayiphi na enye imeko.

izakhiwo Metal: eziluncedo nezingeloncedo

Enye yezinto ezininzi zexabiso ukuze kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i formwork yi yentsimbi. Usebenza makabhale omise eliqela ubukhulu kakhulu, nto leyo ngokwaneleyo ukuze sixhathise imikhosi ezazifihliwe kwasekusekweni. bafuna nje ukuba uthini malunga ukufaneleka kwesigqibo esinjalo. Okokuqala, lo ngowona ukukwazi ukugoba sheet intsimbi njengoko ufuna. Ngenxa oku kunokwenzeka ukuba ziqhelane imilo ezinqwenelekayo isiseko. Okwesibini, oku ke amanzi engcono, nto leyo kuphela uyakwazi ukucinga ukuba isiseko sakho. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo - kunokwenzeka ukuba weld kugunyaziso isiseko kwisakhelo. Ukususela kule izihlandlo eziliqela kwandisa amandla kwesakhiwo. Kodwa kufuneka usebenzise isiseko esiqinileyo okanye zinomtya. Njengoko ngokuba neengxaki, oko kuphela mnye - iindleko.

timbering ezizinzileyo ukusuka istro kwandiswa kwaye iimveliso eziphathekayo

Into yokuqala bendiya kuthi malunga neemveliso eziphathekayo. Esi sigqibo isuntswana zitshiphu ngaphezu ukusetyenziswa sheets ziintsimbi, kodwa ke ixabiso ayikho njengoko iibhulorho nezincinane, ngoko iindleko ziya obungqingqwa. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba kungenzeka ekutshintsheni ububanzi eziphathekayo, ungenza ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa olungundoqo isiseko, ngoko, gcina kancinane. Kodwa apha ingxaki yile: okokuqala, amacwecwe zinzima kakhulu, yaye okwesibini, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa spacers ezongezelelweyo iimveliso hayi monolithic. Ke izinto ezifana istro, lisetyenziswa njengendlela formwork ayikho kwakude kudala, kodwa sele wazuza ithandwa enkulu ngenxa usizo kwalo. Inzuzo ephambili ilele ningenakumbi ibandla. Iibhloko eziqhotyoshelwe kakhulu nje ukuba loo mdlalo, kwaye phakathi kwabo ubambe ngenxa braces yesinyithi. Loo isisombululo kulungile kuba, ngenxa kuyilo ekhethekileyo ngeebhloko monolithic, isiseko ifunyenwe kuphela tyaba ngokugqibeleleyo, kodwa qualitative (ubushushu thermal okulungileyo zingangenwa).

Ukuba usebenzise i isiseko estrip?

Umhlube isiseko de namhlanje njengenye yeendlela ezibaluleke zokufumana isiseko sokwakha elizayo. Umgaqo apha elula. Kukho iingxowa isanti, oko izaliswe screed uzilungiselele, ebumba sikhokelo unyanzeliso. Kuphela emva kokuba oku kwenziwe agalele eziphathekayo. Kodwa yintoni na kungcono ukuba usebenzise formwork? Kuza ilingane phantse nasiphi na isisombululo, umzekelo, ulwakhiwo istro amagwebu, intsimbi, ikhonkrithi, njalo njalo. N. Kwezinye iimeko, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa nantoni na, kufuneka nje ukwemba umsele. Kodwa ngokunamandla kucetyiswa ukuba enze njalo, kwakunye neziphumo kunokwenzeka, owona engalindelekanga. Ngokutsho manani, amaxesha amaninzi ibhendi formwork ngamaplanga. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ukuba ixabiso eliphantsi imveliso yawo, kunye nokufakwa ngokwayo kakhulu fast.

formwork Classic ngokhuni

Nangona into yokuba namhlanje kukho ezintsha ngakumbi kwaye ekhethekileyo neempawu zalo zobugcisa, izixhobo, wesuka waba ezininzi izakhiwo ngamaplanga. Oku kungenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Okokuqala, oko ixabiso. Namhlanje kukho ithuba lokuba athathe irenti formwork, kunye ngenyanga ukuze abuye. Nokuba uthenga nje ibhodi, akuthandeki ukuba uya kulahlekelwa, kuba ungasebenzisa nabo nakwixesha elizayo. Umzekelo, uyakwazi ubeke phantsi kwisakhiwo efanayo. Enye parameter ebalulekileyo, ngenxa yazo ukunika kukhetha kule nkcazelo - nokusebenziseka. Ukuba ethile into isihange okanye, icala, musa ukuba iqwenga okwanele le mveliso, kulula kakhulu ukusombulula ngoncedo isarha okanye ihamile ngezikhonkwane. Umzekelo, ngamaplanga formwork ezisetyenziswa isilingi. Asinto cheap kuphela kodwa uthembeke kakhulu.

Ukwenza ngezandla formwork sabo

Yonke imisebenzi agcinwe kumanqanaba eziliqela. Makhe siqale kanye kuqala. Kufuneka ukuba benze umsebenzi wonke umhlaba. Emva yokubala imithwalo zezakhiwo phantsi ishishini. Kuyanconywa ukuba ushiye malunga 1-2 cm isithuba phakathi formwork kunye isiseko. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ufakelo lula. Kwixesha elizayo, ithe yakwaphula mpela izaliswe emhlabeni. Le umsele kufuneka yogqunywe isanti (ababetheki intlabathi). Ngoko kukho screed eziphathekayo, apho kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa ilahleko izinto ngexesha bephosa. Ukuba uceba uyile iintonga wezifundo, ngoko ke kufuneka ezibethelelwe emhlabeni kweli nqanaba. Kwisigaba sesibini siya akhe formwork. Ukuze uqale wenze zonke izinto, yaye kuphela emva koko uqhubeke ngqo ukwakhiwa.

Ukumakisha, ukuqinisa kunye nokufakwa

Okokuqala, kufuneka enze isakhiwo. Emva koko, apho kufuneka khona iikona formwork hammering iiphegi ezincinane (zomthi). Kufuneka ukuxhasa ngqo isakhiwo. Emva koko, phezu milinganiselo pre-ibalwe, yayifana iibhodi. Apha formwork monolithic Kukhethwa ngakumbi ekubeni kulula ukufaka ngenxa ukuyila iimpawu. Shield ngezikhonkwane, izikrufu kunye ngezikhonkwane eziqhotyoshelwe izikhonkwane. Ngoko ke, eneneni, kwasekwa kwisakhelo. Kodwa loo nto bonke. Ngexesha elide lo formwork okanye imiqulu emikhulu ngekhonkrithi obuthululwayo kuyimfuneko ukomeleza isakhiwo. Oku kwenziwa ngendlela spacers, leyo zicwangciswa yokunyuka ngeesentimitha eziyi-70-90. Kukho esinye isisombululo: ukutsala la amaqhosha ebhutsi yokwakha, kodwa kulo mzekelo, ukusetyenziswa obuqhubekekayo ikhaka kwezoqoqosho kuya kuba nzima, njengoko baya emingxunyeni iibhodi. Ngexesha ufakelo kufuneka esweni ngenyameko isakhiwo nkqo, leyo ufuna ukusebenzisa kwinqanaba yokwakha. Zonke kwiindawo zokubeka kufuneka ukuxazulula. Ukuze wenze oku, uvumelane phantse naluphi na uhlobo ekhoyo. Ukuba umgama phakathi izinto ezimbini formwork iya kuba ngaphezu kwe-4 mm, oko ukuvuza izicacele eziphathekayo.

Indlela ukwenza ubalo?

Phambi emakhaya shuttering iya kwakhelwa, kufuneka kubalwe. Oku kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iparameters ezibalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, cinga formwork ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ngamaplanga. Ngenxa yoko, ibhodi linobude esemgangathweni ayi-6, Ububanzi milimitha-25 kunye nobubanzi 100-150 mm. Kujikelezo isiseko kufuneka kwahlulwa ngo-6, apho ke ubude ebhodini, nokuphakama - nobubanzi. Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo kufuneka zande kwaye ufumana amanani ukulungele. Ngokomlinganiselo, nganye imitha cubic kuthatha mm-42 ukuya kwi-100 kwibhodi ngokubanzi. Ngokusekelwe kule, kuya kufuneka ukuba sichithe malunga 5-6 amawaka engange cu nganye. Ukuze konke oku kufuneka kongezwe, kwaye ixabiso ezikhaphukhaphu, neyophahla unyanzeliso noshowo. Bonke kunye iya kuxabisa malunga ne-10 amawaka engange. Umzekelo, formwork esisigxina ukususela istro eyandisiweyo kufuneka kubalwe specialist. Apha akhawunti kuthathwa kwisicwangciso sesiseko. Ukuba kukho iindawo ezinzima ezininzi, iindleko iza kuba malunga naleyo xa uthenga sheets zentsimbi. Ukongeza koku ngasentla, kuyimfuneko ukuba Unokulibala ukuthatha ingqalelo iindleko ezisetyenziswa: lezikhonkwane, izikrufu, izixhobo, spacers, njl

Kufuneka ufumane imilo ahanjiswa? ayongxaki

Kwezinye iimeko, ngaphandle ngokusondeza nje ayikwazi ukukwenza, yaye oku sisiganeko ecacileyo. Ikhaka sisinyithi okanye neinventarnaya ibhodi ngomthi ingasetyenziswa nje izinto. Ukuba ufuna ukwakha ithanga, kufuneka kuqala ukwenza i T-nokumila kwizibiyeli obandayo. Musa ukulibala ukuba uwafake kunye. Kodwa yonke into inzima kakhulu ukuba ufuna ukwenza ukufumana na inxaki nemilo ngeenxa zonke. Apha kungcono ukusebenzisa ibhodi. Kufuneka ukubhala kumgaqo le umphanda. Isibakala sokuba formwork kholamu ukumelana umthwalo omkhulu ezithile, ngoko ke kucetyiswa ukuba wenze izakhiwo ezisisigxina. Ukuze wenze oku, emva zonke cm 50-80 kufuneka asebenzise amaqhina kunye nezikhonkwane zazo ukuze kuqiniswe. Kwezinye iimeko, iyavakala ungajonga khona isakhelo esele zenziwe. Ukuba unethamsanqa, uya kufumana enobubanzi efanelekileyo kwaye wonge kakuhle nje imali kuphela kodwa amaphaphu.

Ziziphi ezinye izinto efanelekileyo?

Kakade ke, inokusetyenziswa kuphela ibhodi, kodwa kwezinye iimeko oku sesona sigqibo kuphela echanekileyo. Ukuba ufuna ukwakha amandla formwork encinane, kodwa imilo ajikelezayo, sebenzisa iplastiki. Isisombululo Perfect ukuze kwakhiwe eminqubeni, kodwa akukho ngaphezulu. Material wagoba kakuhle, ingakumbi ukuba isuntswana ubushushu. Kodwa, ngoko kwakhona, ngoko ke amandla ubuncinane. Umzekelo, ukuba ngamaplanga formwork - kukwayinto entle isisombululo elungileyo, kodwa kulungile ukuba nangakumbi ebhodini. amandla alo engaphezulwana nje kancinane kunalowo zeplastiki, kodwa ngeenjongo kakhulu, oku na isisombululo engcono. Njengoko ngokuba sheets yesinyithi, zinokuthi zisetyenziswe phantse naphi na. Kodwa iyavakala shuttering esincinane Uphahla yesinyithi. Layisha apha ezincinane, kwaye isixa isiseko, kakhulu. Kodwa ke iindleko oxwebhu wothuka mnandi kuwe. Xa sithatha iimakhishithi yesinyithi kwaye uzisebenzise ngokweekholamu okanye apho kufuneka zisebenziseke kakhulu.

Ezinye iingongoma ezibalulekileyo

thina apha wena, ekhangela ukuba ukwenza njani na formwork, kwakunye noko izinto kangcono nokuzalisekisa injongo ethile. Njengoko ubona, akukho deal enkulu, okubaluleke - ngayo ukulandela imigaqo embalwa ebalulekileyo. Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuba anikele ingqalelo ngokwaneleyo amandla yoyilo, yaye okwesibini, asinakukwazi silibale malunga nesakhiwo nkqo, ekubeni kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa ukudala formwork ikholam ukwakhiwa lwaba flat ngakumbi, iyavakala ukumba kancinane emhlabeni webhodi. Ngoko ke uya kongeza amandla kwaye uphephe skewing ngexesha ukuthululwa eziphathekayo. Ukuba ngaba awusebenzi ngeendonga zangaphandle, akukho mfuneko ukusebenzisa amaphepha otyhidiweyo, oko nje engenangqondo. Amaninzi formwork wenziwa ucwecwe okanye iibhodi, oko kuyingenelo ngokwenene kwaye efanelekileyo.

isiphelo

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni na formwork. Le yinto ngaphandle apho akukho naziphi na iindleko zokwakha isakhiwo. Nangona isibakala sokuba kukho ukhetho enkulu izinto, ulwakhiwo isimiso esifanayo.

Kulungile, nantso yonke into enokuthethwa ukwenza njani na formwork ngezandla zabo ukusuka ezahlukeneyo izinto. Ukuba uza kuhlala apha kule ndlu, kuba Jongisisa zonke izigaba. Ngokuqinisekileyo asifuni emva koko "kunandipha 'kwigophe kwaye afumile okanye iikona ke kuba khange ahlonelwe verticality, okanye wasebenzisa izinto engalunganga.