Genrih Geyne: biography emfutshane, izibakala umdla kunye nobuchule

Xa ihlabathi edumileyo imbongi waseJamani Genrih Geyne. ngobomi bakhe lizele ezahlukeneyo yokuhamba, wena nqaba. Noko ke, bayahlelwa imbongi kwakungelula. Uninzi imisebenzi yakhe ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi abazange bafumane ukunconywa kunye nemali position of Health and Henry baba kokwa kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Phezu kwazo nje iimeko ezinzima, waqhubeka ukudala. Namhlanje, kulo lonke ihlabathi uthando le mbongi, Heinrich Heine. Biography ziyenze iza kuxutyushwa kwinqaku lethu.

Origin, ebuntwaneni

Imbongi elizayo wazalwa e Dusseldorf, ngoDisemba 13, 1797 Nantsi ebuntwaneni Genrih Geyne. Biography yobudala bakhe lu dityanisiwe Dusseldorf. USamson Heine, uyise draper yomthengisi. NoBetty, unina womntwana (umfanekiso wakhe eboniswe ngezantsi), Wabufunda ngexesha umfazi. She unomdla kwimibhalo uJean-Jacques Rousseau. Betty uye wabonisa inkxalabo enkulu ngenxa yemfundo yabantwana babo. Lo mfazi ayikho uyathandabuza ikamva Henry omkhulu. Ngelo xesha yena liqulunqe ingcamango ecacileyo kakhulu yintoni abe ngunyana wayo. Waba khetha umsebenzi okanye jikelele ukuba ube yingqondi zemali. wobugcisa bezomthetho kwabakho ukhetho.

UHenry ndandikhula, waza wabhalisa apho kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Le ndawo Catholic Lyceum Heine wabonakala uthando unqulo, esibonakala nathanda komthendeleko. Akazange ashiye lonke ubomi wembongi njengoko Heine. Biography kanye umsebenzi Heinrich ubungqina.

YoNxibelelwano noSimon Geldern kanye Zefhen

Ngeli xesha ke waqala ukunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo Simon Geldern, umalume umama. Waqaphela ukuba lo mfana ichazwe ngokucacileyo utyekelo ngayo ezoluntu. ngcembe uSimon Geldern waqalisa ukwazisa Henry kunye imisebenzi uncwadi yehlabathi. Inkwenkwe ukufunda indalo ingawenzi, Swift kunye nabanye.

Xa-15 ubudala, imbongi elizayo wadibana Zefhen, elula yamahlwempu intombazana. Yena ngoko nangoko wenza abahlobo kunye naye. Le ntwazana yayidla waxelela iinkolelo ezahlukileyo kunye neentsomi olwalukho ebantwini kunokuba intw wafumana Heine imfundo zoncwadi. It is hhayi ngaphandle ukuba nomdla kwi intsomi ka uHenry abakhona ngenxa yakhe. Kamva, oku kubonakala obukhulu zesihobe zifakiwe ngokuqokelela emininzi Heine.

imeko yezopolitiko: indlela kwathatha Genrih Geyne

biography emfutshane kunye nemisebenzi yalo imbongi inxulumene ne imeko yezopolitiko loo minyaka. Heine Young yiNTSHOLONGWANE ubuzwe ngexesha imfazwe isiFrentshi. Noko ke, wakhawuleza kwehle emva kokuba uloyiso phezu uNapoleon iphumelele indlela. Kuthi kwakufika yephondo Prussia ye iRhine kwakhona walawula umyalelo omdala feudal kwaye ingenalo novelwano. Ukulingana amaYuda kunye nazo zonke ezinye iinkonzo wavakalisa uNapoleon, satshatyalaliswa. Zonke ezi ziganeko kubomi kwezopolitiko yashiya uphawu enkulu ukuyilwa yokomoya Heine, ngokunjalo umsebenzi wakhe. Imbongi wakhulela kwi Rhineland, leyo ingqalelo ingxenye engcono eJamani malunga shishino. Abazali uHenry waphupha ukuba unyana wabo waba jikelele yomkhosi uNapoleon kaThixo, emva kokoyiswa Bonaparte baqalisa ukucinga ngamakhondo yabarhwebi, nangona ukuba imbongi elizayo akazange kwafakwa ukuba intlonipho mathemba aphezulu.

Ukuhambisa ku Frankfurt, impilo Hamburg

USamson Heine ngo-1815 wahamba nonyana wakhe Frankfurt. Wayefuna ukuba oko uzithenge ivenkile kunobhala wenkundla. Noko ke, uHenry elifutshane wayehlala emoyeni bhe urhwebo. Emva kwethutyana, wabaleka wemka. Oku unxilile unina wakhe, nangona engazange bayeke ukukholelwa ukuba unyana wakhe wayemiselwe ukuba nekamva eliqaqambileyo zemali. Wagqiba kwelokuba ndimthumele kuye, ukuze anyamekele kaSolomon Heine, omnye uyisekazi Henry, owayehlala e Hamburg waza waba tycoon. Le ndoda yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ngumtshana abaselula. UHenry weza umalume wakhe ngoJulayi 1816. Kwaye ngo 1818 wayesele intloko ofisi yakhe phantsi igama "Heinrich Heine ne K °".

Uthando ukubonakaliswa kwayo kwisihobe, ezadalwa Genrih Geyne

Biography, isishwankathelo imisebenzi kunye iinyani ezinika umdla malunga imbongi isinika ezinye siqonde ebomini bakhe. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Hamburg, iqhawe yethu nje kuphela kwicandelo zemali. Waba ngumhlobo osenyongweni kunye Amalia, intombi kaSolomon. Le ntombazana iye waphefumlelwa ukuba abhale uthotho lwemibongo ifakiwe kamva kwi "Incwadi Iingoma", epapashwe ngo-1827 (uhlelo kuqala ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi).

Noko ke, uthando Amalia wayengekho efanayo. Emva kweminyaka emi-3, yena wayetshate Friedlander, umthengisi owaziwayo. Heine kwakunzima gqitha ukulwa ukuphelelwa lithemba lokuba imisinga emva ukwala Amalia. Wayeka umsebenzi wakhe yorhwebo sulivshee amathemba ezininzi.

imibongo Heine eli xesha, kwakunye yokubhala wakhe, yayingowona mxholo uphambili uthando ezingabuyekezekiyo ukuya Amalia, yongezwe "uthando ngokunxunguphala" kunye mood udakumbile. Bathe semfene iinjongo amaphupha, kabini, uthando, ukufa, njl, ziqhelekile ixesha yothando emva kwexesha.

Ukufundisisa e Bonn kunye University of Göttingen

Emva kwethuba uHenry waya kwiDyunivesithi eBonn, Faculty of Law. Oku bekusoloko yi Betty, unina. Njengoko umfundi Heinrich kumamela iintetho kwaye bathatha inxaxheba kukuzingxala ugly, phantsi impilo yakhe, kakade buthathaka. Lo mfana waba nomdla uncwadi. Indlela yembali yayo kwakhokelela ekubeni yunivesithi Avgust Shlegel. Yaba nguye owafaka incasa oselula Heine for Byron, Shakespeare kunye East. Noko ke, Heine akazange ukuchitha ixesha elide ezindongeni University of Bonn.

Oktobha 4, 1820, waba umfundi kwelinye iziko lemfundo - i-University of Gottingen. Nangona kunjalo, yaye kuwo wakwazi ukuzabalaza iinyanga ezili-14 kuphela. Kungquzulwano ofunda (okanye mandithi, nomzamo wawo) yabangela Ngaphandle Heine. Kuye amalungiselelo mbandela zingabalulekanga.

Ukuqhubeka imfundo kwi-University of Berlin

Heinrich Heine ekupheleni kukaFebruwari 1821 waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe kwiYunivesithi Berlin. Apha ke ikhokelela ebomini yehlabathi. Henry khona zokuzilungisa ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi, ithi esazi ezahlukeneyo ababhali German. Kulo nyaka, uHenry uqalisa ezithengisa kumaphephandaba imisebenzi yakhe enkondlo. Noko ke, imibongo Heine awuboni nawuphi na umfundi okanye mhlalutyi. Nakuba kunjalo, i-Berlin ucofe imisebenzi eshicilelweyo "ballad le YamaSilamsi", "esibi Night", "minnesingers" kunye nabanye.

Intlungu kunye nokuqokelelwa yokuqala yemibongo

Yaba ngeli xesha ndaba zafikelela ukuba Amalia Heine watshata. Nantsi ke imbangi yokuba imbongi waqalisa inxaxheba ezahlukeneyo iindywala kunye nokusela olwandle. Nangamandla akhe onke wazama lokuyigxotha le isithukuthezi obujikeleze kuyo. Sekunjalo, yena usoloko wadala imibongo ezintsha. Ngeli xesha kubandakanya upapasho lokuqala imisebenzi yakhe. Emva kwexesha elithile eendaba kuvela intlekele "Ratcliff", "Almanzora", kwakunye ingqokelela yemibongo osihloko sithi "ombambazelayo Intermezzo". Ngenxa kule ngqokelela, yapapashwa ngowe-1823, Heine uzuza udumo ngezangqa boncwadi.

izimvo zopolitiko, bafudukele Kuksgaven

Kulo nyaka, imilo lokugqibela iqela lezopolitiko of Henry. Authorities Prussia uthabathe inani amalungelo ezopolitiko yamaYuda. Heine uqala bekhalazela elibonakalayo nxamnye neNgonyama.

imibongo ezintsha Heine zakhawulelwa ukugxekwa kakhulu kakubi. Wabona ngemisebenzi ukungoneliseki imbongi mfana kunye umyalelo ezikhoyo ehlabathini. Heine, sikwimo mbi ingqondo, Waphupha ngento bahambe Arabhu. Enyanisweni, Noko ke, uYesu waya Kuksgaven, idolophu njengecebo encinane. Apho wazama kancinci ukuphucula impilo yabo.

Ukuzula ezintsha

Thile emva wathumela Hamburg Genrih Geyne. Biography, izibakala umdla imisebenzi emitsha eli thuba lushwankathelwe sithi. Endleleni imbongi utyelela intsapho yakhe Lüneburg. Noko ke, imo yakhe esibandayo kakhulu. Ukushiya Hamburg, waya eBerlin, yaye emva koko, ngoJanuwari 1824, waya Göttingen.

Ilindele Ekupheleni kweeholide, ngoSeptemba 1824 imbongi uhamba ukuya Harz. Ufuna ukuya ngeenxa lonke eThuringia. Genrih Geyne utyelela Weimar. Apha wadibana I. V. Gete, bekumzuzu aphuphe ngaye. Ngelishwa, unxibelelwano kunye kwakhe kuphelele nje kule ntlanganiso enye. Akukho sabona Goethe Heinrich Heine. ngobomi bakhe, ke, ziphawulwe ngokuthi ubuhlobo kunye ababhali abaninzi abadumileyo kunye namagcisa. Abaninzi kuwo, Henry ukwazana kamva.

Ukuzaliswa zoqeqesho kwiziko, i entsha mveliso

Heine spring 1825 kunye ubunzima obukhulu ukumelana iimviwo eyunivesithi. Uba ngugqirha nomthetho Isigaba sesithathu. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, iqhawe wethu nawo. Sele e Hamburg adibana ngo-1826. Kukho umqulu wokuqala "Imizobo yendlela", kwakunye kumjikelo lwemibongo osihloko sithi "Ukubuya eNative 'yaye inxalenye yokuqala somjikelo" North Sea ". kamva Abanye ixesha libonakala, kwaye umthamo yesibini "lwemizobo yendlela". Phakathi ukugxeka kumaphephandaba, wayivula a polemics elibukhali kakhulu. Ndafumanisa ukuba indlela Heine kaThixo inkululeko onesibindi. Ngoko ke, ndagqiba ekubeni ukuba kuya kuba ngcono ukuba umzuzwana ukushiya Hamburg. Yena uya eLondon. Noko ke, uHenry wabuyela ngokukhawuleza ukupapasha "Book of Iingoma". Yaba iinzame ukuba zifunjwe zonke izibongo wadala ngaphambili.

Imisebenzi kweli phephandaba, uhambo lokuya Italy

Heine ngo-1827 isithembiso ukuba abe umhleli we "Annals zezopolitiko," lipapashwa eMunich. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu, imbongi ahlala kulo mzi. Emva koko enqanaweni uhambo eItali. Kweli lizwe, ufumana iindaba yokufa Samsona Geyne, wathabatha indawo e Hamburg. Emva kokubuyela evela eItali, uHenry umqulu sesithathu "lwemizobo yendlela".

Ukufudukela Paris, waqhubeka nomsebenzi lokudala

A revolution okwenzekayo eParis ngoJulayi 1830, uHenry ufuna ukufumana yonke intliziyo yam. imisebenzi yakhe yokudala uzuza ngezinga elikhulu ngeli xesha. Emva wobugcisa omtsha wembongi, ethi "New Spring" yapapashwa ngoMeyi 1831, Heine wafudukela Paris. Kwikomkhulu French, wayedibana amagcisa ezifana Berlioz, Rossini, Chopin, Liszt, Humboldt. Yena ipapashe imisebenzi yakhe ngeelwimi ezimbini: German kunye isiFrentshi.

E Paris, ezi zilandelayo ziye zapapashwa kunye nomsebenzi wakhe: "Ubusuku sale", "Ngomhla History of Religion and Philosophy e iJamani", "Romantic School". Bayibiza kuhlaselo njengoko ukuhluza iindaba kunye nokugxekwa. isangqa Heine bangani kwikomkhulu French, Noko ke, iye inyusa ukwandisa. Henry baba ngabahlobo T. Gauthier, Alexandre Dumas Elder, A. de Vigny, A. Thierry, George Sand, kunye nabanye.

Ukwazi World kunye Matilda eRothschild

Ngowe-1835, isiganeko esibalulekileyo esenzeka xa bebodwa Heine. ngobomi bakhe kuye kwaphawulwa aqhelane nomfazi wakhe elizayo Matilde Mira (ingasentla). Noko ke, umtshato osemthethweni kunye naye, weza kuphela ngo-1841. Ukusebenzisa unxibelelwano uSolomon, umalume wakhe, uHenry ngexesha elifanayo wayedibana eRothschild. inkanuko Imbongi onesibetho ophelileyo ngenxa kwiingcamango market stock. Baya Heine usebenze ngexesha lakhe nanceba, imisebenzi uncwadi, kodwa hayi kakhulu baphumelele.

Ithuba nzima Heine ebomini bakhe

Ngowe-1838 imeko yezimali imbongi baba ezibangele. Kwafuneka ke ukuba amane inzuzo loRhulumente isiFrentshi, nto leyo ihlawulwe abasuka kwamanye amazwe, kuba uHenry waba eParis kweso sikhundla. Ngaphezu koko, Heine awayewenze uJulius Campe, umvakalisi French, isivumelwano semali. Phantsi kwemiqathango yalo, umvakalisi unika amalungelo awodwa nemisebenzi Henry iminyaka eli-11. Inkxaso-mali evela uSolomon, umalume wakhe, ukusa kumkhamo othile kwaphucula imeko Heine. ngobomi bakhe kwakuza kumcaphukisa lowo ezahlukeneyo xa hayi kuba impembelelo noncedo mntu. USolomon zange ayeke ukuba anyamekele umtshana wakhe abanetalente. ubunzima Material nomsebenzi oyilwayo enamandla kukhokelele ekubeni impilo uHenry zimbi kakhulu. Waqalisa ukubona okubi, ebunzimeni ukuhamba, kodwa zange ayeke ukusebenza. Umbongo "Atta badla" wabonakala ngo 1842. Ngowe-1844 wabona kukhululwe ingqokelela Heine kaThixo "Imihobe New" kwaye mbongo wafumana udumo enkulu, "Tale Jamani. A Winter kaThixo."

uhambe elidlulileyo Paris

Kungekudala Hamburg kwafika iindaba kokufa kukaSolomoni Heine. Biography, isishwankathelo kuthi, ukususela ngelo xesha kulo iba buhlungu ngokwenene. Nangona ziqinisekiso ezishushu uSolomon umtshana wakhe ilifa franc 8000 kuphela. Oku kakhulu uphazamisa sele buthathaka impilo Henry. NgoMeyi 1848, emveni kokuba besele idosi isityhwentywe semali ye umlaliso ukuze kuphele iintlungu, beziva kuye, Heine enyuka yokugqibela nge Paris. Kokubuyela ekhaya, akazange washiya indlu yakhe. Apha, kwi ndivalelwe ngenkani, ngoko ngokufuthi ezityelelwe Alexandre Dumas, Beranger, T. Gautier kunye J. de Nerval.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngowe-1851 yena waliseka incwadi yakhe yesithathu kunye yokugqibela yemibongo osihloko sithi "iibhaladi" Genrih Geyne. ngobomi bakhe kweli xesha nayo yamakishwa ukuqhubeka umsebenzi "Memoirs", yaqala emva ngowe-1840, malunga nonyaka ngaphambi kokufa kukaHenry watyelela Camille Selden, fan enkulu yomsebenzi wakhe. Wakwazi ningaluvusi zakutshanje nkanuko umphefumlo wethu ukufa wembongi. Camilla, kwakunye Matilda, umfazi Heine, de zange ashiye ukufa imbongi kaThixo ngaye. UHenry wafa ngoFebruwari 17, ngo1856 aphela kwi Montmartre emangcwabeni. Teofil Gote , kunye uAleksandr Dyuma babephakathi kwabo ababehamba imbongi kuhambo lwakhe lokugqibela.

Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi banomdla imbongi enjalo, uHeinrich Heine, biography. Ngokufutshane, sathetha ngobomi nomsebenzi wakhe. Ukuze baqhubeke yaleza ukuba kwimibongo yakhe. Ngapha koko, ukuba ukubonakalisa ngokupheleleyo ubuntu imbongi Heinrich Heine. Biography, ngokufutshane apha sithi, unika kuphela ingcamango kakhulu jikelele malunga ihlabathi engaphakathi yombhali. Okwangoku, yena ngokuqinisekileyo esisityebi kunene. Ngesizathu esihle Heine biography ngokomdla Russian babantu bakuthi, nangona kwilizwe lethu wazalwa iimbongi ezininzi kakhulu kunye nababhali.