Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich: ibhayografi emfutshane

Unyana neembongi ezimbini yodumo Lev Gumilyov. Biography, ubomi kunye nelifa le mbali umdla gqitha uluhlu olubanzi zabantu. Oku kuyaphawuleka zombini njengomntu kwaye unyana kwiimbongi enkulu. Nazi izizathu ezibini eziphambili simazi nabo kufutshane.

Gumilev Lev - mbali Russian, ethnologist, Doctor of Sciences Geographical kunye Historical. Nguye ke umbhali imfundiso kwamaqela eentlanga nobuntu njenge iindidi biosocial. Leo wafunda ethnogenesis, bioenergy lwalo, koko wathi passionarity.

Imvelaphi kunye nabantwana

October 14 1912 e Tsarskoye Selo wazalwa Gumilev Lev Nikolaevich. biography emfutshane yemisebenzi yakhe emihle ngenxa yokuba abazali bakhe omkhulu Russian yimbongi A. A. Ahmatova noN Gumilev. Gumilyovs umtshato ndahlukana ngo-1918, kwaye ke inkwenkwe wayehlala nonina, ngoko noninakhulu wakhe Bezhetsk. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ulwalamano lwakhe ekukruqulayo Andreevnoy ibisoloko nzima. Kwifoto ngezantsi - Lev Gumilyov evela kubazali babo.

Imfundo kunye nokubanjwa emfazweni

Leo, ngo-1934 waza wangena iLeningrad State University, Faculty of History. Noko ke, emva konyaka wokuqala wabanjwa kuqala. Kungekudala wakhululwa Lva Gumileva, kodwa yena akazange ukuphatha iziqu. Kakade kunyaka yesi-4 ngo-1938, waphinda wabanjwa ngenxa inxaxheba kwintlangano yomfundi kwabanqolobi. Gumilyov wagwetywa iminyaka eli-10 kule nkampu. Kamva, Isiphelo sakhe yaphazamiseka. Tolstoy sifanele ukuba ukukhonza leminyaka-5 Norilsk. Emva koko xesha, ngowe-1943, yena abaqeshwe Turukhansk kunye kufuphi Norilsk. Ke Gumilev waya ngaphambili. Walwa de uloyiso gunners anti-moya. To Berlin weza Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich. biography emfutshane ingcali yenzululwazi, njengokuba ubona, hayi kuphela kuphawulwa impumelelo entsimini kwembali.

Ukhuselo ithisisi yokuqala

Tolstoy ngo-1946 abapase iimviwo zangaphandle kwiYunivesithi, waza waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe Institute of Oriental Studies, apho wayefunda iziqu. PhD ithisisi yakhe sewulungile, kodwa ngowe-1947, isazinzulu, wagxothwa ukusuka kwiziko ngenxa ngesigqibo iimagazini "Leningrad" yaye "Inkwenkwezi", eyamkelwe Central Committee CPSU (b). Esi sigqibo phantsi ubuchule uAnny Andreevny Ahmatovoy. Nangona zonke iingxaki, Tolstoy wakwazi ukukhusela ithisisi yakhe ngenkxaso eLeningrad kwizifundiswa.

ukubanjwa entsha

Ngowe-1949 Gumilev LN ngobomi emfutshane wakhe wabanjwa kwakhona, njengokuba ubona, izele khomiwile. Wakhululwa kuphela ngo-1956, yaye kwangaxeshanye kwisimo ngokupheleleyo. Kwathi kanti loo ndawo iziqalelo ze Kululwaphulo zifumaneka izenzo ENU. Total uTolstoy wabanjwa izihlandlo-4. Xa zizonke, kwafuneka achithe kwiinkampu Stalin kangangeminyaka eli-15.

nezifundo zobugqirha kunye neencwadi Gumilyov

Ukubuyela Leningrad, Gumilyov ndafumana umsebenzi bokwexeshana Hermitage. Ngowe-1961, wayezithethelela ngempumelelo ithisisi yakhe zobugqirha kwi "Turks Ancient kwiinkulungwane VI-VIII.". Abaphandi ke wathabatha umsebenzi kwi-Institute of Geography, sise kwicandelo ngokwejiyografi iLeningrad State University. Apha wasebenza de umhlala-phantsi, esenzeka ngowe-1986.

ubugqirha Geographic Gumilev Lev wathethelela ngo-1974. Noko ke, iKomishoni iziQinisekiso akazange akholiswe isidanga sakhe. umsebenzi wesandla Gumilyov "Ethnogenesis nokuPhilayo kwiglobhu Komhlaba 'akuvumelekile ukuba ukupapasha, kodwa yasasazwa samizdat.

Kuphela ngo 1959 waqala ukuzivakalisa ngenkuthalo Lev Gumilyov. Biography kunye nomsebenzi wakhe ayikho ngengozi umdla omkhulu ngezangqa zenzululwazi. Enakho amaphepha ngaphezulu kwama-220, kuquka monographs eziliqela. Kwi-post-Stalin ixesha imibono Lva Gumileva wagxeka kwiimpapasho ezisemthethweni, kodwa sele kuye kwaba akukho neentshutshiso ngaye. Kuphela 1980. ukuhamba iimpapasho bakhe amisa ngokufutshane. Lvu Gumilevu kwafuneka adlulisele loo mcimbi kwiKomiti Central. Wabhala incwadi ukungavunyelwa iincwadi zawo. D. S. Lihachev kunye nezinye mbali ixesha shoka him.

impilo Personal

Zimbalwa iinoveli asinda ngenxa yobomi bakhe Lev Gumilyov. Biography, usapho kunye nabantwana - bonke abanomdla abalandeli bakhe. Kwi ubomi lobuqu Leo Tolstoy, asiyi kungena iinkcukacha. Nakuba kunjalo, iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo, kufanele kuphawulwe. Ngowe-1967 watshata Gumilyov N. V. Simonovskoy, igcisa (iminyaka yobomi - 1920-2004). Wahlangana naye ngoJuni 1966. Esi sibini babehlala kunye engama-24 ubudala, wada wabhubha Leo Tolstoy. Ngokutsho izimvo zabanye, umtshato waba ogqibeleleyo. Umfazi Gumilyov ubomi bakhe bonke. Ulishiye kwisangqa omdala abahlobo kunye nomsebenzi. Ukhetho yempembelelo Tolstoy kunye nomnqweno bakhe ukuba babe nabantwana, oko engama-46, yaye yena ngoxa intanda yakhe - 55.

Ubudlelwane kunye Slavophiles kunye bezwe

Gumilyov ukunyuka ngokugqithiseleyo kuthandwa kwenzeka kwi ocalu-eSoviet. iincwadi zakhe zapapashwa iintlelo emikhulu. iimbono nezopolitiko ingcali yenzululwazi, njengoko kuxeliwe kuMgaqo-unomathotholo nomabonwakude usasazo, izihloko bakhe bobabini anti-Western kunye anti-wamaKomanisi. Oku kumenza engumqondiso anti-liberalism. ithisisi ngale "ngokuncedisana Slavic-zamaTurkic" zikaTolstoy uthathwe phezulu Russification kwi Ekuveleni 90. Aba bantu sibajonga kakubi ukuba izimvo zezazinzulu kwi idyokhwe anayo kaThixo, kunoko, endleleni, bavume. Le ngxoxo ingentla eyanyuswa ngayo Slavophiles njengoko ileta ebhaliweyo echaza isizathu ukungabi omtsha karhulumente Russian. Isizwe lohlanga abantu abangabemi waseUSSR, nezaziwa zikaTolstoy. Kubo, Gumilev Lev Igunya okunjalo.

"Imfundiso ethnogenesis" kunye nenzululwazi

Gumilev ingqalelo ngokwakhe "i yaseYurophu yokugqibela". Kunjalo, wadala "ingcamango ethnogenesis 'embhoxo Eurasianism kuphela ngokubanzi. Ukususela ngokombono isayensi, ngathi imbali, babecinga ukuba inzululwazi kuthathelwa ingqalelo ithiyori. Noko ke, Gumilev Lev wathetha ngokuyintloko nezazi eSoviet zobugcisa, kungekhona mbali nabo. Ngexesha nezazi yobugcisa waqola ukuqiniseka ukuba imbali yiSoviet Union - i njengesixhobo ze, kungekhona inzululwazi, ukuba babhala. hypothesis zembali zikaTolstoy uvuse kugxeka izazinzulu njengoko ayiqinisekiswanga. Nangona kunjalo, i "ingcamango ethnogenesis 'emehlweni abalandeli ENU nje ifuna. Leo ngumgwebi ngembali ngokwembono zenzululwazi zendalo kunye koongqondo yazo lwenzululwazi ingqalelo ngaphantsi leli kwe wobuntu.

Eyona engundoqo izibonelelo kwithiyori ENU

Lev Gumilyov wakha ingcamango yakhe ngoluvo lokuba "amaqela eentlanga" - uhlobo eziphilayo eziphilayo. Banalo ixesha lobutsha, ukukhula kunye nokuguga. Gumilyov kuquka inani amaqela eentlanga amaqela eentlanga ngqo nje kuphela, kodwa yezopolitiko, ezenkolo kunye nobungcali. Wayekholelwa ukuba ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya ekufeni, kuthatha malunga 1200-1500 neminyaka. Ngokutsho ulwazi nzulu ngayo ukuvela amaqela amatsha yobuhlanga ngenxa 'ngokwentshukumisa ecenga ", nto leyo evusa kwimitha emajukujukwini. Kukho abathile ukuba "iyavumelana" omnye komnye, kwaye kukho abamelene. Ukongeza enempilo, kukho amaqela singanyangekiyo "chimeric" yobuhlanga, eziphilayo olwaye lwamfimfitha enye. Healthy kwakhona nobudlelwane ezahlukahlukeneyo ngeendlela okusingqongileyo zemozulu "landscape nursing" kwaye ziyahluka ngokwezi mpawu.

Gumilev wadala ingcamango yakhe, ukuzama ukuqonda isizathu sokuba, kumaXesha Aphakathi kunye kudala kwi emathafeni Great waphawula undulations kunye neenkqubo fast yobuhlanga. Eneneni, ukuba yayisoloko, ngendlela enye okanye omnye, ezinxulumene nokutshintsha iimeko zemozulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba othile ukunxulumanisa izazinzulu landscape kwaye ethnos kufanelekile. Noko ke, "ingcamango ethnogenesis" ezilahlekileyo bomyalezo onesiphumo elililo Gumilyov indima izinto zendalo. Igama elithi "passionarnost", ephethwe yi Lev Nikolayevich, waqalisa ukuba baphile ubomi babo. Oosonzululwazi wasebenzisa ngayo ukubhekisela ntliziyo yokuqala yobuhlanga. Ngoku, ke, eli binzana ayikho yakwenza Gumilev kaThixo "ngobhalo ethnogenesis."

Juni 15, 1992 eSt Petersburg, wafa Lev Gumilyov. Biography, usapho kunye nezinto ezininzi zelifa lemveli sisazinzulu ziye ngokufutshane ziqwalaselwe yi kuthi. Ngoku uyazi, kangangokuba waba ngunyana ethandwa kakhulu neembongi ezimbini ezinkulu Russian.