Yaba igama Gogol ntoni? Interesting izibakala nobomi Gogol

UNikolay Vasilevich Gogol - enye ezakudala abadumileyo iincwadi Russian. biography lakhe ligutyungelwe imfihlelo namaqhina. Mhlawumbi oku abachaphazelekayo imbongi kunye iprozi imisebenzi, ngenxa yokuba imisebenzi yakhe ngokwenu nizele nazaliswa nobugqi.

Ibali okuyimfihlakalo Gogol

ubomi Gogol kaThixo osisityebi, izele mathuba ezibuhlungu. Ngexesha ubomi imbongi sijamelene ngamarhe, ngokufuthi ihonjiswe. Izizathu zoku babebaninzi: Gogol wayesaziwa njengomntu ivaliwe, phantse nabanye kuluntu. Kwaye nangona emva kokufa kwakhe kuye kwiinkulungwane ngaphezu enye enesiqingatha, unanamhla malunga ubomi bakhe phantse eyaziwa nto.

Gogol, olunomdla lentlalo kuqhubeka kuvulwa kule mini, wayedla mythologizing ngobomi bakhe. Ngoko ke ngabom ndathula ngobomi bakhe, nkqu amabali nto ayizange yenzeke kuye ebomini.

Usapho yombhali enkulu wemidlalo

Ngaba ngokwenene ngayo igama Gogol azi? Riddles bamngqongile ukususela ekuzalweni. Kwafika Imbongi evela ohloniphekileyo usapho wohlobo Gogol-Jankowski, evela ngenkulungwane ye-17. legend Family yokuba ngunozala usapho Ukrainian Cossack waba Ostap Gogol - hetman of Ekunene-Bank Ukraine.

uyise Gogol ka-- Vasily Gogol Afanasievich-Jankowski. Basil Afanasievich waba ngumbhali, yimbongi wemidlalo. imisebenzi yabo (kuba becala, nemidlalo zemidlalo ezincinane) wabhala in Ukrainian. Oku ochaphazelekayo bayahlelwa UNikolai oselula, ngubani ngelishwa ezilahlekileyo uyise ekuseni kakhulu - inkwenkwe ebendikhuphisana nayo ayifiki engama-15 ubudala ngexesha lokufa kwakhe.

Unina waba yimbongi umbhali Maria Ivanovna Gogol. Ukuba kucingwa "ngumtyholwa" yenkolo uyithandayo nonyana kunye nobugqi. Ukongezelela UNikolai kwintsapho babo abantwana elinanye. Gogol waye wesithathu, kwaye eneneni, umntwana mdala entsatsheni - iintsana ezimbini zokuqala wazalelwa ufile.

imfihlakalo oluchaza buchopho omkhulu: Yintoni igama Gogol

Njengoko igama Gogol? Nangona oko buqu ayenziwa exoxwe mbali kunye biographers, ekuzalweni, njengoko sonke sisazi, imbongi igama UNikolai. Kodwa bambalwa siyazi ukuba ukuzalwa umfana ogama Yanovsky. Hi ndlela leyi, kunye iminyaka eli-12 Classic Russian babenxiba igama hyphenated: Gogol-Yanovsky. Kukholelwa ukuba umbhali, zingayazi nembali imvelaphi eli gama, waluphosa kuba wayecinga ukuba basungula izibonda.

Ngoku uyazi indlela igama lokuzalwa Gogol, uya kukuxelela ezinye iinyani ezinika umdla nobomi Gogol.

Ifuthe ebuntwaneni eyilayo Gogol

wemidlalo Great lobuntwana bakhe bahlala ezilalini. Lo mfana rhoqo sokuvalwa umoya wobomi Ukrainian. Kwaye malunga nobomi abalimi kunye nabasebenzi wayesazi kangangoko ngobomi igosa lakomkhulu. Kuye ngayo ezininzi imisebenzi Gogol. Waba walangazelela kakhulu kwinkcubeko Ukrainian kunye nembali. Wada waya St Petersburg, umbhali mfana zange ayeke makasizalise ulwazi lwabo - ngoonobumba, wacela unina ukuba ukuxelela okungakumbi ngobomi umlimi kunye Pana.

Inzala kwiincwadi kunye ubugcisa ngokubanzi kwavela ekuqaleni ngokwaneleyo le nkwenkwe - ngethuba kwiminyaka yakhe yesikolo. Njengoko umfundi kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, wayelithanda theatre eshushu engahlawulwayo, nto leyo eye wadala kunye nabahlobo bakhe.

Umbhali iintsuku zesikolo

Xa ndandineminyaka engama elishumi, abazali Nicholas abaselula wamthuma naye esikolweni Nezhinskaja. Ngebhadi kubo, inkwenkwe ayikho wenza kakuhle esikolweni, kodwa ubukhulu becala oku kube iziko yewayini.

Kwakukho iingxaki kunye ukufunda iincwadi Russian. utitshala wesifundo omkhanyelayo sibaluleke inkcubeko ababhali lwala maxesha kunye iimbongi ezifana Pushkin kunye Zhukovsky. Isiphumo sale ndlela umdla bokwenene abafundi ukuba iincwadi zothando ngenkulungwane ye-19.

Formation of N. V. Gogolya njenge umbhali

Emva kokuphumelela Gymnasium 1828, sakudala waya kwisixeko amathuba mkhulu - Petersburg. Eli nqanaba ubomi buye baba ngomnye kakhulu nzima ebomini bakhe, kodwa ngaxeshanye kunye kakhulu nemveliso. abangathathi ntweni, wemka kuye ngunina, a noblewoman ebomini kwisixeko esikhulu, sasinda ngokwaneleyo, kwaye Gogol wathabatha inkonzo yoluntu ukuba kungekudala imbobo kuye.

Ke UNikolai Gogol waya uncwadi. imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala epapashwe phantsi awethu, ziye wagxeka luluntu, kunye nombhali lithemba baya kwamanye amazwe beyofuna ubomi obungcono. Noko ke, wahlala apho inyanga kuphela, emva koko wabuyela eSt Petersburg.

Ngokutsho kokuma ngqondi elizayo uncwadi Russian, ubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nenkcubeko yabantu Ukrainian umdla kuphela Ukraine, kodwa Russian. Kungelo xesha ukuba ingqondo yakhe yaqala ukuba ukubumba isicwangciso edume "ntambama kwi Ifama kufuphi Dikanka". Lo mfana kunomfana unina, ohlala kwilali, ukuba umxelele izithethe engaziwayo Ukrainian kunye namasiko amavo Ukrainian, imibhalo-ngqangi kunye nesinxibo. Konke oku kwamnceda ukuba ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi ngokuchanileyo ebonisa elalini Little Russian kunye nabemi bayo.

Ngowe-1830, uya kundikhuphela ekukhanyeni imveliso yokuqala ngempumelelo Gogol "ntambama ngosuku olwandulela Ivana Kupala" eshicilelwe "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo" ngo-1830. Kodwa ke udumo lokwenene nokuwuqaphela yawangenisa umbhali ulutsha "ntambama kwi Ifama kufuphi Dikanka", "May Night" yaye "Sorochintsy Fair".

Ukususela ngoko ubomi zombhali asiphethule.

Yintoni eyayiphembelela indalo Gogol?

Ngo-1830 i-UNikolai wadibana P. A. Pletnevym, V. A. Zhukovskim kunye A. S. Pushkinym, apho liya nempembelelo indalo boncwadi ka Gogol.

Yonke into ebomini ezakudala yoncwadi wafumana reflection imisebenzi yakhe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, waba ngakumbi nangakumbi waziphosa ebomini kwikomkhulu. Ngenxa yoko, waphuma ekukhanyeni, "St. Petersburg Amabali", eliquka amabali 5:

• "Nevsky Ithemba".
• "I idyasi"
• "Diary of a ephambeneyo."
• "Ngobude".
• "I Ikhala."

Collection edityaniswa ngengxaki, kodwa kwakhona indawo eliqhelekileyo lokungabi kuphela - isixeko St. Petersburg, apho wayehlala N. V. Gogol.

ingqalelo ethile imisebenzi yakhe, umbhali wenza umfanekiso St Petersburg. Esi sixeko owabhala: ababhali kunye ziimbongi. Kubo, Petersburg wayengekho nje umzi - kwaba luphawu Russia elitsha kunye nekamva layo eliqaqambileyo.

baye bambalwa uvukile kwimisebenzi yakhe umxholo capital mbini. Abantu babona nje kuphela "Grad Petrov", kodwa ububi yokuzimela. Oyena imbongi abaneminyaka yegolide, A. S. Pushkin, ngowokuqala butyhileke ubumbaxa le "somzi Neva." Wachaza ngokuthi "isixeko esihle, isixeko amahlwempu."

Ingakumbi ngokuqaqambileyo le ngxaki yabhengezwa "Nevsky Ithemba". Kuba ayenechaphothi kwisitrato esikhulu efihliweyo amathemba aphulwe, iintlekele abemi abaqhelekileyo. Kweli bali isixeko akakukhathalele iingxaki zabantu - onke aqhutywa imali kunye nezikhundla. Yayo okuhle kunye nokubi kwi enkunzi kudala kutshatyalaliswa. Ingcamango ofanayo uye wavula noN V. Gogol. Licebo imisebenzi emininzi iyakhula eSt Petersburg: oko luyathandabuzeka yaye "impumlo" kunye "Diary of ophambeneyo", "I idyasi" yaye "Nevsky Prospekt". Petersburg Gogol - elichweba abantwana abahlala ezitalatweni kunye namagosa amahlwempu. Lo mfanekiso esiphikisana kumfanekiso eqhelekileyo nophuculo - ntofontofo, bengasebenzi, ubhobhoyi blinding.

Kwelinye icala, ikomkhulu Gogol kaThixo - isixeko apho nobugqi leyinene baphile omnye.

Mirgorod kubomi kunye nomsebenzi Gogol

Nangona St. Petersburg kwaye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo imisebenzi Gogol, indawo yokuqala lithathe lwemveli Ukrainian. Ukongeza kwezi misebenzi oluphawulekayo njenge "ntambama kwi Ifama kufuphi Dikanka" yaye "May Night", umbhali wabhala amanye amabali yonqulo, leyo kwadityaniswa ibe yingqokelela "Mirgorod". Gogol wonder azithiye imifanekiso yakhe lo gama: mzi Myrhorod ivela emsebenzini wakhe "I Tale of Indlela Ivan Ivanovich baxabana Ivan Nikiforovich".

Kwakhona kule ngqokelela iquka eminye imisebenzi ezaziwa kuthi esikolweni:

• "Wii."
• "Taras Bulba".
• "World wabaNini Endala".

Kutheni kanye Mirgorod? Gogol ngabom bakhetha le ndawo. Yena akazange kude kwilali Great Sorochintsy, apho Nicholas baselula, nichithe esengumntwana esakhula. Le lali efanayo kwakhona manani aphezulu emsebenzini wakhe "Sorochintsy Fair".

Kuyo yonke Ukraine yaye, ingakumbi, kummandla Mirgorod namhlanje imbeko kwisikhumbuzo le countryman enkulu. Yonke akubonakali kuphela ezikhumbuzo azinikele umbhali, kodwa ezitratweni, iihotele, Motels, izikwere, izibhedlele, amathala eencwadi, ogama njengentlonipho yokumbulela.

Le ukuziqambela amabali Gogol kaThixo

Emva kokuhlalutya zonke iimveliso ukuba bodwa ezithile olona Gogol. Ezinye mathuba kubomi umbhali namhlanje izinto mlonyeni, kodwa izenzo zabo Gogol ichanile kakhulu gca.

Indlela creative lombhali liyabonakala kakhulu. Leyo ukohluka ileta yakhe eya Gogol kuvunyelwa ukuba abe ngomnye wababhali ezinkulu Golden Age. umbongo wakhe wokuqala "Ganz Kyuhelgarten", apho epapashwe phantsi elabo, ayiphumelelanga kakubi. Isizathu soku iinzame ukubhala umbongo xa isimbo romance Vasiliya Andreevicha Zhukovskogo.

Iinoveli ezilandelayo nazo ibhalwe ngendlela yothando, kodwa aqalile kuvela umlinganiswa eyodwa yokubhala Gogol kaThixo. Kamva, umbhali, baphenjelelwa Pushkin, wathabatha izifundo ngokoqobo ezibalulekileyo. Nangona Gogol wambona liwafundise bakhe, akazange wazama ukwenza imodeli imisebenzi Pushkin kaThixo.

imisebenzi Umbhali ongasekhoyo waba uqhelaniso ecacileyo kwezentlalo. Gogol wayengomnye wabantu bokuqala nako ukubonisa ngokuchanileyo kakuhle ingxaki le "ndoda omncinane" ekonakaleni Russian. Wenza kwacaca bamhleka indoda yobukrwada ukonqena mihla, uyihlubile eziphikisanayo zentlalo ixesha.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo imisebenzi zokuqala UNikolai. Le misebenzi babelana iimpawu ezifanayo ukuluqonda. Umzekelo, imfihlelo nokuthandana, ekhululekile kunye nenkcazelo 'siphila' ubomi Ukrainian, kubhekisela lwemveli Ukrainian.

engako Kungokwemvelo: ubuntwana zombhali kwi Ukraine. Iminyaka emininzi, ubomi bakhe linxibelelene kakhulu kumasiko Ukrainian kunye nenkcubeko. Kule misebenzi, ngakumbi kukho eyayinaso - zikhangeleka kakhulu kunene ngathi nentsomi engancumisiyo. Kwiincwadi zakhe, ngobuchule Gogol odityanisiweyo bobukho akanakwaziwa otherworldly - kufutshane ebantwini Ukrainian babephila elula namagqwirha kunye mermaids, kunye needemon.

buchopho ukufa

imibuzo emininzi malunga nobomi umbhali enkulu yaye kungakholeleki abachaphazelekayo kunye iingqondo zabantu. yaba igama Gogol ntoni? Ngaba yena watshata? Ingaba kukho nayiphi na inzala bakhe? Kodwa ke umbuzo engundoqo kusekho imfihlakalo kwaye zibangela eninzi kwengxoxo - na unobangela ngokufa Gogol.

Kude kube ngoku, akukho mntu uthi kakuhle indlela ukukhanya walishiya eli ubungqondi yokucinga zoncwadi. Ababhali-mbali abaninzi, biographers kunye abaphengululi zoncwadi babeke phambili uguqulelo ukufa kwakhe. Enye inguqulelo yokuqinisekisa eqhelekileyo, kodwa ayifumanekanga iye ithi umbhali angcwatywa ephila.

Oku ngokwenene ongenabuyambo enkwantyisayo ngokufa zakudala yasungulwa ngo-1931. Ekubeni emangcwabeni apho nokokuba wangcwatywa, ngokusemthethweni, kwagqitywa ekubeni rebury kuyo. Xa emcimbini ngababhali abaninzi amanqugwala, xa ibhokisi lavulwa, Ningamangqina kukududuzela ndafumanisa ukuba le ndoda Gogol kaThixo wayelele intloko yakhe, wajika waya ecaleni elinye.

Le ndaba iye yabangela isiphithiphithi ingxoxo hayi kuphela bume boncwadi nezembali, kodwa phakathi kwabantu abaqhelekileyo. Kwathi kanti, isenzeko unalo kwencazelo enengqondo: ngowokuqala ukuba ukubola inkqubo icala iibhodi ebhokisini, kwaye isiciko lomngcwabo, ayinazo inkxaso eqinileyo, uqala ukubeka uxinzelelo phezu kwentloko isidumbu, ebangela ukuba ukujika "Atlantov" vertebra. Ngokutsho iingcali ukungcwaba, yinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye Gogol asinguye zokuqala, emva komngcwabo ezifumaneka kulo ukuma.

Le meko nzima nangakumbi ngumba wokuba uloyiko inkulu uyaphila UNikolai yokungcwaba. Nkqu ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe, waphawula ukuba urhulumente kuxhomekeke ebizwa ngokuba "silale" njengendlela yokusabela ehlabathini abasingqongileyo ayifumaneki, nokubetha kwentliziyo ehla kakhulu, kwaye ukubetha akusekho uvalo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, wenza umyolelo apho yayalela ukuba amngcwabe kuphela xa iimpawu ziyacaca isidumbu yokubola. Oku wanika Legend of umbhali yokungcwaba mfihlelo okukhulu usaphila.

Enye, uguqulelo nto eyoyikisayo ngokunjalo ukufa ezakudala - ityhefu calomel (iziyobisi mercury aqulethe ezazisetyenziswa ngayo kwinkulungwane ye-19). Umbhali ngokwakhe ezithandwa izifo ezininzi, ngoko ke baphathwa yi ezahlukeneyo koogqirha. It is a impazamo yezonyango kunokubangela ukufa ngaphambi Gogol.

Uguqulelo olutsha othandwa kakhulu, kodwa ke ayibonakali njenge ligosa.

Ngenxa yoko, kukholelwa ukuba uNikolay Vasilevich Gogol wafa ngenxa Ukudinwa okubangelwa yindlala. ezakudala Contemporary wavuma ukuba sinotyekelo edakumbisayo ithi kunye ngokugqithiseleyo ukubo- unqulo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba bagcine indlela uyazidela yobomi nokugatya neziyolo zenyama.

Ukufumana uloyiso umoya phezu umzimba Gogol ziyalamba ngokwam ukwala gqolo ukutya. yena Kwiveki phambi kokuqala leNzila wathatha isigqibo ukulahla umsebenzi, ukutya kunye nokulawula abafowunelwa kunye nabantu.

Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wayitshisa impahla zabo, njengoko ecacisa, "phantsi kwempembelelo umoya ombi." Kwiintsuku ezimbini phambi kokufa imeko zombhali engaboni - wathatha ukhuko lwakhe, lukhuni naluphi na uncedo ngengqondo balungiselelwe ukuba ukufa. Oogqirha zange ayeke ukuzama ukunyanga umbhali, kodwa February 21, 1852 uNikolay Vasilevich Gogol uyafa.

Ke kaloku Gogol wangcwatywa Moscow Novodevichy Amangcwaba. Umbhali wasweleka kwincopho yobomi, kodwa, njengoko mhlalutyi zoncwadi VA Nikolaev, kuba 'ukufa, ezele intsingiselo yokomoya, "yaye yintoni umbhali afuna.