Nangqesho - ntoni na? Iimpawu kunye iimpawu nangqesho

Ngenxa yoko, sicinga ingcamango "nangqesho." Yintoni na? Ngoko wabiza imo yoqoqosho, xa ukwehla mihla le nangenxa yokudodobala kwemveliso kunye nokunyuka kwemisebenzi kunye nokunyuka njalo amaxabiso - kwamaxabiso. Oko kukuthi, lo gama uchaza emali sizoku lwisana nangenxa yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho. Ngamanye amazwi, nangqesho ekuthiwa uhlobo odangeleyo lwe yintlekele yokudodobala koqoqosho. Iimbangi ezingundoqo zale nkqubo le imilinganiso anti-ntlekele, nto leyo uwugcinayo-nkqubo karhulumente kunye bodwa, apho inqanaba eliphezulu amaxabiso ngamaxesha obunzima.

Eli gama idla ngokusetyenziswa namhlanje Uqoqosho mihla. kuye kwabonakala Le meko engaxhaswanga kwakude kudala ngenxa uphuhliso wovandlakanyo loqoqosho lwesizwe kwaye ukuyilwa iindidi ezintsha yokuzala eyinkunzi.

le nkcazelo

Ingcamango nangqesho ke wokuqala ngo-1965 e-UK. De kube lelo xesha, imeko yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho owayesoloko lukhatshwe ukuhla kwamaxabiso, kodwa ukususela ngo-1960, kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kwabakho inkqubo umva, ethe ngokuba nangqesho. Yintoni na kwaye yintoni na oonobangela iinkqubo ezinjalo, izazinzulu ezininzi uchaze ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. ezibangela kunokwenzeka ziquka oku kulandelayo:

1. ezifa- Energy.
2. Iindleko eziphezulu bodwa iimpahla ngamaxesha obunzima.
3. imisebenzi kaRhulumente kwenziwa ukuphucula imeko yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe.
4. Jikelele jikelele uqoqosho kunye nokupheliswa ezizenzekelayo.

izibonelo nangqesho

Kwiminyaka 1960-1980 of nangqesho waphawula kumazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo Zasebhofolo. Kukho imizekelo emininzi, kodwa eyona ekhumbulekayo iRashiya waye umzekelo 1991-1996 ngayo. Yaba ngeli xesha ilizwe onamava phezulu kwamandla emali kunye nokwehla ukulisa GDP. Umzekelo, kunye nokwehla kwezoqoqosho eUnited States ngowama-1970. Nangona izinga lokukhula kwamaxabiso kweli lizwe yaba 5.5-6%, oko kukuthi, e-siseko, yaye wabonisa ukuba nangqesho.

zimpawu nangqesho

Malunga nangqesho kwenkqubo yezoqoqosho nga kugwetywa khrayitheriya zilandelayo: ukwanda ngqesho, zikwimeko odandathekileyo yoqoqosho, iinkqubo kwamaxabiso kweli lizwe kunye ukwehla lwemali kazwelonke kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Le fom intsha lobunzima kwezoqoqosho, apho imali ekhoyo abantu abanawo amandla nokuthengwa kwinqanaba elisezantsi, kodwa ke ixabiso ikhula.

Nangqesho luphawulwa zonke ezi mpawu, yaye bonke inhlawulo ebekwe kwi imeko yezoqoqosho Russia - engange kuyayinciphisa umgangatho imisebenzi kwakhona kwinqanaba elisezantsi, kukho ukuhla jikelele nokukhula kuqoqosho. Kungenxa yesi sizathu, abezoqoqosho ithi amathuba nangqesho eRashiya. Liyinyaniso elokuba, abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuba iinkqubo ezinjalo ngoku khona uqoqosho kwamazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo ngayo, kodwa kunganzima ukuba intuthuzelo. Le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa nangqesho, yintoni na, okanye kunoko, kodwa wafunda ngokupheleleyo yi zoqoqosho. Kukholelwa ukuba imeko efanayo kuqoqosho kuyaphela ngokukhawuleza kangangoko zenzeke. Kodwa omnye umhlaziyi into bayavumelana: nangqesho kubandakanya zisifake kuphela.

Yiyiphi imiphumo nangqesho

Nangqesho, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, iba nefuthe elibi kuqoqosho. yaso - i ukwehla kwezoqoqosho kunye ukuvela Inkinga, ezifana ukwehliswa kwinqanaba ukhuseleko abemi, intswela sesichengeni kwezentlalo yoluntu kwiindawo ezithile labemi, nokuncipha GDP kwaye ukuhla yenkqubo mali kunye namatyala.

Phillips ijika

Njengoko imodeli elula Keynesian kuqoqosho inokuba nokuba emali okanye ngqesho. Ngelo xesha, aba babini ayikwazi inkqubo kwenzeke, kodwa isekelwe kwizifundo enokwehla oluqhutywe imi--50-60., Abantu abanoQoqosho baye baqinisekisa ukuba nolwalamano olunjalo ikhona. Nangqesho kunye Phillips igophe uphawu a lobudlelwano ezizinzileyo nezinokuqikelelwa phakathi kwamaxabiso kunye nentswela-ngqesho.

Unxulumano phakathi kwezi parameters ezimbini bomzimba leevoti, ngoko sinako sicinge ukuba kukho enye indlela, kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo. Ukuba kwigophe Phillips ziya sisigxina endaweni enye, ngoko abantu, esicacisa imeko yezoqoqosho, kuya kufuneka wenze isigqibo ukuba yintoni na ekulungeleyo ukusebenzisa ukuphucula imeko - ukwenza okanye umgaqo yesithintelo karhulumente.

Indlela yokuphepha nangqesho

Ngokwemveli, ukuze ukuzinzisa le meko amanyathelo kuqoqosho isicelo kunomda kuphela nokunikezelwa imfuno zizonke, leyo, enyanisweni, aluchaphazeli ukungalingani kwimalike yabasebenzi kunye nenkqubo kobunganga kurhwebo. Kulo mzekelo, izinga lokukhula kwamaxabiso eqala ukwenyuka ngaphambi sele iphunyelelwe ingqesho epheleleyo. Umzekelo, manipulation imfuno aggregate ngokusetyenziswa kwemali kunye karhulumente amanyathelo kwakhokelela kuphela kwangaphambili ukubana kwezoqoqosho Phillips igophe.

Ngaba nangqesho ku Russia

Ngenxa elibukhali ukwehla le engange zoluntu ingcali benza ngakumbi Ingxelo limfiliba. Iingcali zithi ukuba kuwa loo wayengekho nkqu amaxesha lombhodamo kwiimalike zemali. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwacetyiswa ukuba iRussia ujongene nangqesho. ungenza ntoni na nokuba yintoni babuyele kuqoqosho, sele ngazo. Ayikho into elungileyo imeko yezoqoqosho, eRashiya ayithethi kuthi nangqesho sidibanisa ukwehla ngaxeshanye uqoqosho kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso.

Ngokutsho umhlalutyi

Ngaba nangqesho ku Russia? Yintoni na, ukuba baseRashiya ukufumana? Okanye ngaba kwesizindlo elandelayo kuqoqosho lwasekhaya, unsubstantiated kwaye igwetyelwe na? Ngoko ke, ukuba ukholelwa amabango Centre for Higher School of abezoqoqosho, ngoko Russia uza kujongana nale ngxaki krakra. Its iingcali Ingxelo ukuhla nokuhlaziya uchaze ngolu hlobo. Njengoko yaziwa, nangqesho - inkqubo amazwe, apho omnye amaqela ukugqiba ukwehla msebenzi mveliso.

Ingaba kukho ubungqina kule ukwehla? Ukuba uyakhumbula Iziphumo nyaka uphelileyo, i-Russian ivalwe kulo umlinganiselo wokukhula kwezoqoqosho kwi 1.3%. Kwintlanganiso yokugqibela leBhunga lezoQoqosho Russian uMongameli Putin V. V. wakhankanya into yokuba amazwe ambalwa ehlabathini abonisa ukwanda okunjalo GDP. Kwaye abanye baye baphawula ukuhla zesi salathisi. Thelekisa, utshintsho e-GDP ngowama-Italy, apho bawa 1.9%, lakhula nge-0.2% kuphela eFransi. Ngoko ke, sinokugqiba ukuba uqikelelo ziingcali ke ungrounded, kwaye embi kangako kunye uqoqosho Russia, njengoko uzama ukubonisa. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba kunyaka odlulileyo, ngowe-2012, eRashiya ukukhula koqoqosho zafikelela 3.4%.

nangqesho elinye icala uthi kukunyuka kwamaxabiso kweli lizwe. Yaye eneneni, ngokutsho manani, eRashiya, amaxabiso kubathengi yenyuka nge 6.5% kunyaka ophelileyo. Thelekisa: kwi-EU bavuka yi% 1 kuphela. Ingakumbi, ukunyuka ngamandla kwamaxabiso eboniswe iqela imveliso yokutya - nge-6.2%. Ukuba kwakhona sibenokuthelekisa eli nani kunye data kwi European Union, khona lakhula nge% 1.4 kuphela.

Njani na amanani ngo-2014

Amaxabiso lweemveliso zokutya yaya ikhula kulo nyaka. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ukukhula kwabo kuya kubonakala kakhulu ngakumbi, ingakumbi xa ukwanda ixabiso imifuno, iziqhamo, zobisi kunye neemveliso zentlanzi, iziselo ezinxilisayo kunye inkonzo eluntwini. Ngokutsho uqikelelo nolusizi ezinjalo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kweli lizwe kunyaka angavuka kwi-6%, oko kukuthi, kuya kuba 1.5% ngaphezulu kwe-indeksi, leyo wamisela Central Bank.

Kungenzeka ukuba imali engange iya iphela nokuba ixesha elide. Oku kungenxa imiba emininzi efana ekunciphiseni ongenisa, ekuma kwishishini lokuvelisa, ukunqongophala lwemali kweli lizwe. Yonke enye into, wathi yena, yaye ukungazinzi neAfrika. Xa nokuye waphawula ukuba ukuze le meko itshintshe, kuyimfuneko kukubonelela ukwehla olunzulu lwemali.

Ukuba sinikele ingqalelo omnye umba obalulekileyo nangqesho, oko kukuthi, umgangatho ngqesho kweli lizwe. Kutsha nje, urhulumente ngokuziqhenya lowu izinga lentswela eRashiya kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo ilelona lisezantsi. Kwaye lo ngokwenene. Ngo-2013, ireyithi engasebenzi malunga 5.5%. Kodwa ke uqoqosho eRashiya lingancipha ukukhula kwayo, ngoko ke, ukuba kulindeleke ukuba kuza kubakho abangaphangeliyo. Kulindeleke ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2014 izinga lentswela kube ngaphezu kwe-6%. Noko ke, ukwanda ngokukhawuleza zesi salathisi kungalindelekanga.