Hagia Sophia - uphawu of Russia yamandulo. Sophia Holy Cathedral

Hagia uSophia e Kiev - nekhadi lebhizinisi hayi kuphela inhloko Ukrainian, kodwa urhulumente ngokubanzi. Yimalini kungenxa kule zobungangamela lesikhumbuzo bokwakha. Okokuqala, Kiev St. Sophia - luphawu Russian ubudala, yaye okwesibini - oko ke ubungqina kwimbali yamandulo kunye mihla. Wonke ummi kweli gunya nanto kunyanzeleka nje ubuncinane kanye ebomini babo kutyelela indawo enkulu enjalo. Abakhenkethi abeza Ukraine emasondweni ezisemaphandleni Umhlaba kwindawo yokuqala, yaye ulangazelela ukubona wobugcisa bokwakha, iculwa yeziKronike zembali kunye memoirs.

Uphi yena

Hagia Sophia - uphawu of Russia yamandulo hayi kuphela. Nangona le tempile kwaye myuziyam na iwonga lesikhumbuzo yembali, ixesha elide waba lingqina era ethile ngamnye nowangoku kuzo zonke izizukulwana. View wetempile kunye mboniso sengqondo kungqinwa zonke iinkcukacha malunga nemeko kukarhulumente kunye noluntu.

Le impande Kiev okanye abakhenkethi langaphandle, phambi kokuba etempileni efihlakeleyo, kunyanzeleke ukuba aye nge kwindawo enkulu, nto leyo ingqongwe uphuhliso mod, lihlaleni lesikhumbuzo ukuya omkhulu Hetman Bogdanu Hmelnitskomu, elasekwa kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Emva koko, ukuze ubone ekugqibeleni wobugcisa zokwakha, kufuneka Ndoniphumelisa phantsi nenqaba intsimbi enhle ecaleni kweendonga eziphakamileyo ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII. Kwaye nkqu nayo yonke into Saint Sophia Cathedral ise phantse kumbindi wesixeko - kusenjalo indawo ezolileyo mavoko. Kodwa ke kusuke kwanzima kakhulu ukukholelwa ukuba apha, kwakuyakuhlala kunjalo.

Ngenye imini le ndlu yecawa okokuqala, abantu baya ukuba iyaphucuka indlela endikhangeleka ukumangaliswa kumacala ahlukeneyo, omfutshane, libanzi nangaphandle isakhiwo ngesiquphe liphuma kwazo phezulu, kummandla lo enkulu, kodwa ngqo ukuya owayekhona ibukeka Orans a - enyulu bugcwele segolide. Man uziva isidalwa nokuba ezizodwa okanye zakhiwe onke. Kodwa ngoku kuya kuba lula kakhulu ukuyicinga kwibhunga uxokozelayo, leyo lwaqokelelwa phantsi iindonga kwesakhiwo, ukuze enze isigqibo ibaluleke kakhulu eli lizwe.

Conjectures kunye izibakala

Hagia uSophia (njengomfuziselo Rus yamandulo ') yakhiwa kwaye bamiselwe ngenkulungwane XI, yaye ngakumbi ncam, kwisiqingatha sokuqala. Nanamhlanje, ababhali-mbali, izazinzulu babeka phambili imihla emininzi indalo yayo. Ngoko, loo nto ixela ukuba nomtsalane yakhiwa ngo enye yezi minyaka: th 1011, we-1017 kunye th 1037.

Imihla ezimbini zokugqibela zisekelwe phezu iirekhodi yemihla ezahlukeneyo - Novgorod kunye "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", ngokulandelelana kwazo. Ukungqinwa iziphumo zokuqala zesifundo zithathwa ukuba amanqaku afakwe ezindongeni zendlu, kwakunye kuhlaziywe ezinye izibakala iirekhodi ezibhalwe yamandulo.

Kwakhona zingenakuphikwa kukuba kwimbali izimvo kunye nokuphakanyiswa yecawe ngokunxulumene indissoluble ukuba ubuKristu eRashiya. Kufuneka wenze ngayo kunye namagunya ezintathu adumileyo kumkani - Princess Olga, Prince Vladimir kunye Yaroslav Izazi.

Ngokutsho yeziKronike, i Hagia Sophia original - uphawu of Russia yamandulo - yaye ube ngowakhe ongqonge itempile zakhiwa e Kiev, Olga. Mhlawumbi kunjalo, ukuba ezinye ixesha ngaphambi kokuya Princess kaConstantinople. Yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba imifanekiso itempile awabasondezayo ukuba uMphathi waseConstantinople. Icawa entsha yakhiwa ngomthi, ngoko ngo-1017, yaye emva koko, bavutha phantsi ngexesha umlilo Kiev.

Vladimir and Yaroslav

Ngokutsho kwezinye ingcaciso evela yemihla, Cathedral omtsha St. Sophia e Kiev wabeka Svyatoslav Vladimirovich. Yaba icawa enkulu eyenziwe ngomthi. Yayikumgama entsimini (ngaphantsi ngoko capital), kuloo ndawo apho sithe isikhulu woyisa Pechenegs.

umatshini yezakhiwo, ezopolitiko kunye yokomoya ibandla yaba kuloo ndlu yecawa iSt Nozipho eConstantinople. Yena usenza kunye ukubonakala kwaso yaye mhlawumbi, waye memory elingalibalekiyo Princess Olga. Kwaye ukuba bayavuma into yokuba ubhaptizo yabafazi, kufuneka uqale ngenxa yokuba oku kwenzeka eConstantinople, xa ibandla Hagia uSophia. Kwaye Korsun ibandla ka Hagia Sophia wabhaptizwa kunye isithsaba ngokwawo Prince Vladimir. Kungenxa ulwakhiwo ibandla eRashiya ibingelilo ingozi.

Phantsi Yaroslav itempile ukufikelela incopho yayo, nokugxininisa geqe kunye namandla Kievan Rus.

Nobukhulu yecawa

Phantse xeshanye ukwahlula St. Sophia (imbali yendalo echazwe kweli nqaku) ifumene kunye neSebe Metropolitan of Kiev Sebe. Courtyard metropolitans zokuhlala kunye ezinqatyisiweyo. Kodwa ngemilinganiselo kwexesha nommandla wayo ukunyanzela kuphela ngokobukhulu bayo. Ngoko ke, akukho ezibandakanya kwimicimbi zonqulo karhulumente, hayi nje urhulumente kunye nabefundisi, kodwa kufuphi iindonga banelungelo aqoqe abemi abaqhelekileyo kwi Chamber okanye ukwenzela ukuba babhiyozele ekunyukeni yinkosana omtsha phezu kwetrone.

Indlela ekhangeleka ngayo

Sekunjalo, izazinzulu ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba Hagia Sophia e Kiev yakhiwa ebudeni bolawulo Yaroslav Wesilumko. Nanamhla oku isakhiwo ikwazile ukugcina akanaso izakhiwo yamandulo kunye nobuhle bemvelo lwekhulu XI. Kweli bandla nobunye kudityaniswe ngomfanekiso kunye emihle. Inxalenye engundoqo wezasekhaya ahluka usebenzisa mosaic (isibingelelo kunye lwale central). Le ndawo yokuphumla ihonjiswe kunye esekelwe. Namhlanje ibandla kunye neendwendwe uyakwazi ukubona 260 m ² ebhanyabhanya ezizizo ngenkulungwane XI yomhla, yaye malunga ne-3 macala onke. M. ayi esekelwe.

Nozipho Cathedral wanikezela ubulumko yoncedo, kwaye ngoko ke izakhiwo kunye ekupeyinteni icawa bekumele ukomeleza bevuma ubuKristu kunye namandla izinduna. Isibingelelo kunye lwesakhiwo engundoqo ye-ubuso azotywe ngayo abalinganiswa abaphambili kunye iziqephu ukholo lwamaKristu. Bona baqashwa ukusuka glazes kwi udaka emanzi. Temple esekelwe iqulathe 177 Kolerova abangasekhoyo.

Le medallion central amajukujuku obuvezwa uKristu ungusomandla. Kwaye emhlabeni lokugcina kanye awuthimba archangels ezine, kodwa mnye kuphela nani wahlala zayimosaic. I-oyile eseleyo sele luhlonyelwe.

museum abe

Ngeminyaka yee-1930, abasemagunyeni ngoko yiSoviet Ukraine, kwagqitywa ukuba Hagia Sophia (uphawu of Russia yamandulo) kufuneka abe imyuziyam-reserve. Le ndlu yecawa baqala ukwenza uphando kunye nokubuyiselwa umsebenzi. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, umsebenzi myuziyam kuye kwaqatshelwa ehlabathini lonke. Namhlanje i-National Reserve "Nozipho of Kyïv".