Hagia uSophia ise e Istanbul

Hagia Sophia, abaninzi ibhekisela kwincopho izakhiwo yaseByzantium, kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi ukubeka indlela yophuhliso izakhiwo kumazwe amaninzi aseMpuma naseNtshona Yurophu, kunye noMbindi Mpuma. Kunqulo lwamaKristu, ukuba unako, mhlawumbi, ngokuba omnye izakhiwo kakhulu omkhulu. Imbeko Ubulumko KaThixo amabandla amaninzi Orthodox kwakhiwa eConstantinople, kodwa itempile Hagia Sophia - eyaziwa kakhulu sikhulu kubo.

Imbali ubiza amagama amabini nababhali lo msebenzi wobugcisa: Isidore of eMileto kunye Anfimov Trallsky. Yafika avela kwelaseAsiya, endisebenze abasebenzi phantse ishumi lamawaka.

Ngowe-324, uConstantine Omkhulu ezazilapha kwisixeko eConstantinople, leyo saba likomkhulu omtsha Empire udumo lwakhe. Kunye neminyaka emibini kamva, wanika ukuze kwakhiwe ibandla Hagia uSophia eConstantinople, elo lesikhumbuzo lokuqala izakhiwo baseByzantium. Kakade ke, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba bekufanele ukuba ukuthatha ubukhulu soMhlekazi, ngoko, bevela kulo lonke bezisa apha igolide, nezemarmore, nesilivere, zeendlovu, namatye anqabileyo. Evela kwimimandla iitempile yamandulo yokuthatyathwa yonke into enokuba luncedo yecawa elitsha.

Hagia uSophia yakhiwa ukusuka umyalelo entsha ngokupheleleyo ku izinto ezizibeni: ikalika, ezenziwe ngamanzi nerhasi isamente kunye nokongeza ioli. Noko ke, yaba zodidi ukusebenzisa amatye anqabileyo - netopazi, ngeesafire, neerubhi, ngeempahla zakho. Nkqu imigangatho zazenziwe leyaspisi abomvu. Le chroniclers yexesha wabizwa itempile "mbono omangalisayo, inokubhabha ezulwini, zizele kwelanga, ngokungathi ukukhanya ophuma ngaphakathi."

Omuhle kakhulu ibandla Hagia Sophia ithathwa amajukujuku yayo enobubanzi kweemitha-32. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala ekwakhiweni kwawo eyayenziwe nakwiingqameko ezingoonxantathu: oko kuxhaswa kwiintsika ezine, ngoxa yena ubunjwe windows-Arch amane. imitha yelanga banyebelezela kubo, ukudala wento engekhoyo wokuba kwawo semouse emoyeni.

Ekuqaleni ibandla ngenkulungwane ye-13 ka St. Sophia yahlaselwa nzima ngenxa Crusaders: inxalenye ubutyebi bakhe abathathelwa eYurophu. Akukho nto nangoku ayaziwa malunga bayahlelwa kwesibingelelo segolide okwenziwa aphuma engcweleni.

Ngenkulungwane ye-15, emva kokuba kuthinjwe kwisixeko saseTurku, isonto, ngokuyalelwa Mahmed Fatiha, eyaguqukayo yaba mosque. Yaye ekubeni ngokomthetho yamaMuslim izilwanyana kunye nabantu esekelwe lubhekisele engenakwenzeka, zonke iindonga zisindwe ngekalika abangaphucukanga, endaweni umnqamlezo efakiweyo Crescent kunye wongezelela zamaRoma ezimbini ezine. Ngaphakathi ibandla St. Sophia, ngoku ebizwa ngokuba Aya Sofia, waye eya kuthi yongezwe amangcwaba nesilili sultan Noluyolo kwaye iiplanga ngegolide bazisa igama umprofeti Muhammad kunye neenkokheli lokuqala.

Ngokungummangaliso walondoloza mosaic ngentla komnyango kumanani kaMariya Mntwana, UConstantine Justinian.

E St. uSophia inomnye yokutsala: ngaphakathi ikholam, leyo kuthiwa enkungwini up. Ngokutsho legend, zonke iindawo isibetho ebantwini nangoko waphilisa ukuba nca kuwo.

Ukongeza, kukho itempile kunye imfihlelo: kwenye injongo yakhe kwicala lasekunene rhoqo uve cwaka. Legend yokuba malunga namawaka amakholwa isitheleyo, xa bahlaseli atyhoboza, angena kulo ibandla ukusuka Turks, umbingeleli wayilesa ngomthandazo. Xa janissaries Amisa phezu umbingeleli amakrele abo, niche eludongeni ngesiquphe yavulwa owawanyayo kuye ngaphakathi. Kuthiwa ingxolo - nesandi imithandazo umbingeleli ngokwakhe, lowo elinde ixesha xa, ekugqibeleni, i Hagia Sophia uza kuphinda ndibe ngumKristu, ukuze siphume size siqhubeke sikhonza.