"Abramtsevo", imyuziyam-estate: ukuba indlela apho, indawo, ncomo

Le myuziyam isoloko ezixineneyo. Abramtsevo Manor namhlanje yindawo ethandwayo phakathi imini lokuphumla Muscovites. ummandla wayo iqhele imyuziyam yinzwakazi. Ngexesha utyelelo kwi zakhiwo, uyakwazi ukufunda izinto ezininzi ezinomdla malunga imbali yezobugcisa Russian neendinyana isimo esihle ngaphandle eMoscow. Indlela ukufikelela i Museum "Abramtsevo" evela eMoscow kwaye ungabona, sichaza kweli nqaku.

Imbali welifa

Sisihlandlo sokuqala Manor fanele kwinkulungwane XVI. Emva koko ke ilali encinane besive umnini Volyn. Ixesha sibalulekileyo elalini yaqala ngo-1843, xa saba impahla umbhali S. T. Aksakovu.

Njengoko fan ukufunda ngokuzingela kunye nendalo, Sergey T. baziva kakhulu kwi kwilifa. Yena watyelelwa kutyelelo N. V. Gogol and I. S. Turgenev. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho umdlali M. S. Schepkin kunye mbali MP Pogodin. In Abramtsevo Aksakov wasebenza nangokuvakalayo. Apha wabhala 'umzukulwana Childhood Years Bagrov kaThixo "bathandiweyo izizukulwana ezininzi sentsomi malunga imilingo iintyatyambo obubomvu.

Ilifa unekhono Mamontova

Emva kokufa umbhali, ilifa wawa azisalungiseki, yaye ngowe-1870 neendlalifa zakhe wathengisa Aksakov eyaziwa usomashishini S. I. Mamontovu. Savva maseko ngokubuyiselwa yayo. Kuqala ke walungisa indlu, wakha izakhiwo ezininzi ezitsha zorhwebo. Ngelishwa, inkoliso yabo ezilahlekileyo namhlanje.

Savva unomdla imbali yezobugcisa, imidlalo yeqonga kunye bokwakha. E Moscow, indlu yakhe yavulekela abantu abanetalente kwaye creative ngamaxesha onke. Mamontov bathutha namasiko alo entle entsha kwilifa kufuphi eMoscow.

isangqa bokubeka

Ngokuthe ngcembe, walapho awayeqhelene ethanda Mamontova eyandisiweyo, yaye kwakukho uluntu amagcisa edumileyo, ethi namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba Abramtsevo isangqa. It iqulathe iinkosi ezinkulu ezifana V. A. Serov, I. E. Repin, V. D. Polenov, M. A. Vrubel, VM kunye A. M. Vasnetsovy kunye nezinye amagcisa. Ngokufuthi ihlale, sahlala kwilifa, ukudala yobuciko zabo. Imizobo emininzi yi welifa kufuphi Moscow, wangena-mali segolide art Russian.

workshops wezandla

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, enkosi liphulo unyana Savva Ivanovich, umfazi wakhe, amagcisa odumileyo, ingqokelela osisityebi yezinto zobugcisa intsomi sele iqokelelwe kwilifa. Kwaye namhlanje kuyinto enye yexabiso elikhulu wengcibi yokuluka. Kwezoyilo yakhe ekhethekileyo evenkileni ukuchwela, ibekwe kwi kwilifa, siqalisile ukwenza ifanitshala entle ngamaplanga.

Ngowe-1890, ilifa sele uqalile workshop ceramic. iphefumlelwe wayo umlawuli lokudala M. A. Vrubel. Ikhupha Umfanekiso zokuhombisa, ubuhle engaqhelekanga tiles le Moscow House Mamontov namanene zabo, umbhali izitya.

iimveliso Abramtsevo ngokukhawuleza wafumana abawathandayo yayo. Baqala ke ukuba athengise kwi noovimba St. Petersburg, eMoscow nakwezinye izixeko ezininzi Russian. Iingcali iyayithanda umgangatho ophezulu Drama of Creation. Ngowe-1900, imveliso Abramtsevo amagcisa zanikwa amabhaso yekhethelo kwi lo Mboniso ka yeHlabathi e Paris.

Ixabiso kwisangqa odumileyo ubugcisa zibalulekile. Abathathi-nxaxheba ndazigcina ezikhumbuzo nanto zobugcisa Russian kunye nemisebenzi yezandla. Ngenxa yemizamo yabo ke okwam, wezandla isithethe yokwenza iithayile ukhuni.

A xesha linzima kwimbali Manor

Le ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX yazisa iinguqu ezinkulu ebomini nangobude Manor. Ngowe-1899, Savva owatyholwa gadalala kwezoqoqosho iinyanga eziliqela iye entolongweni. Yena engenalo ngo-1900, kodwa eyaziwa prrmyshlennik walahlekelwa phantse onke karhulumente.

Indlu e Moscow, ndawonye agcinwe ingqokelela apho imisebenzi yobugcisa wokuthengiswa. Ngethamsanqa, Abramtsevo wasinda. Ekubeni sele kwakhona iqabane advance Mamontov kaThixo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX ilifa sakhutshelwa eMoscow, workshop yodongwe, ethe aguqulwe-mveliso encinane ngodongwe. Hayi wonke umntu uyazi ukuba wenza inkosi Abramtsevo olungaphambili "Metropol" ihotele, kwakunye uyilo olukhulu ngaphandle kwesakhiwo i-Tretyakov Gallery.

Manor ngo-1917

Ngowe-1918, emva kokuba ukusekwa kwamandla yiSoviet, ukuba uhulumeni ifa Abramtsevo. Le myuziyam kwintsimi yayo iye yavulwa kunyaka omnye. main umgcini Its waba Aleksandra Mamontova - intombi Savva Ivanovich. House-Museum "Abramtsevo" yathatha de-1932. Emva koko, kwilifa lavulwa yeHolide for bhanya. Ukususela ngo-1938, elo ilifa waqalisa ukuba kusetyenziswa kweso sibhedlele. Yaye ebudeni Second World War kwilifa wajika kwisibhedlele emkhosini.

Ngeli xesha kunzima lonke ilizwe izinto ezingcwele zexabiso welifa wafuduselwa Sergiev Posad. Imiboniso emva-1950, yaye "Abramtsevo" (Museum) wavula iingcango zalo iindwendwe. Ngeli xesha, wamiselwa omlawuli imyuziyam Vsevolod Savvich Mamontov - unyana i usomashishini. Ngowe-1995 wafumana iwonga "Abramtsevo". Museum-Estate yaba oqingqiweyo ngokubaluleka federal.

Namhlanje, amasiko bezobugcisa zocweyo Manor endala uqhubeka Industrial Art College, ekuthiwa emva wegcisa Russian VM Vasnetsov.

"Abramtsevo", Museum-Estate

Eli bhotwe myuziyam okhoyo kommandla mahlanu yeehektare. Yena wabeka yezinto ezimbalwa kunye ipaki elihle. "Abramtsevo" (museum-estate), idilesi yakhe: Street Museum, 1, iye ingqokelela sisityebi. Bona akhawunti for imiboniso ngaphezu kwamashumi amabini anesihlanu amawaka ezizodwa. Le misebenzi graphic yayingumfuziselo, imifanekiso, izinto ze lobuciko, iifoto ezinqabileyo kunye neefayili.

indlu Manor

Ngundoqo zakhiwo lolondolozo lwembali ithatha indlu endala Manor - kwindlu enkulu Manor. Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane XVIII. Nangona ngokutsha ezininzi, ukuma kwayo macala, leyo ulwakhiwo, kuyabonakala namhlanje.

Olungaphambili elingasempuma lendlu une ukuwasa evulekileyo zihoyi epakini, entshonalanga - eyadini. Kunye olungaphambili wasempuma wohambelwano omkhulu amagumbi - iholo, igumbi zokuphila lokulala ngaphambili. Kunye olungaphambili elisentshona yohambelwano wabaleka ngemihla, apho uhlala amalungu entsapho aye khona. Yenzeka phakathi abandwendweli ezimbini wepaseji banzi.

Namhlanje, indlu Manor KUNYEnokutyhilwa elungiselelwe usapho Aksakov, abahlobo babo. Apha ungabona Imizobo kunye neefoto, iincwadi kunye nempahla. Zonke ezi zinto yaqokelelwa amaqabane Mamontov. Bamhlamba eMoscow iivenkile zakudala.

Indlu Manor ibekwe yenye mboniso umdla, nto leyo lunikezelwe Abramtsevo isangqa yokuluka. Nazi eni yentsapho Mamontov, nxaxheba isangqa yokuluka, okusingqongileyo, alondolozwe ukususela kumaxesha amandulo.

Isakhiwo wezempilo namhlanje umboniso osisigxina imisebenzi abaculi Russian kunye Soviet.

Church of uMsindisi wethu

"Abramtsevo" - imyuziyam eye kwezakhiwo yaso eyodwa ntsimi. Okokuqala kwaye kwephambili ibandla uMsindisi. Umbhali walo yale projekthi ibalelwa ngumzobi odumileyo vd Polenov. Kamva, umsebenzi wakhe waqhubeka nomsebenzi V. M. Vasnetsov. Gorgeous lidala isitayile Russian, lo iconostasis wetempile - umsebenzi lokwenyaniso zobugcisa. Uninzi ii icon icawa ziye zipeyintwe abaculi ezinkulu, vumba xiphemu xa Mamontov isangqa.

Arbour

Enye lesikhumbuzo eliye laba lwentando Abramtsevo. Le myuziyam buyabasindisa original isakhiwo bokwakha. Le yinto engaqhelekanga ngomthi gazebo - ". I bhut ngemilenze chicken" Le ibekwe kufuphi ibandla. Arbour wabonakala kwilifa ngo-1883. Kuye olwaqalwa V. M. Vasnetsovu.

Ondele kuye, kubonakala ukuba ngoku kuya kwabakhangela Baba Yaga. Ngaphandle kokuba esi sakhiwo fantastic ibekwe kufutshane kakhulu ukuya ecaweni kunye nezinye izakhiwo, kubonakala ukuba sasihlangatyezwa umi kwihlathi ashinyeneyo luluqilima.

ipaki

"Abramtsevo" - an Imyuziyam emangalisayo. Ukuba kwenzeka ukundwendwela ifama, qiniseka ukuba athathe uhambo epakini simangalisayo sisiphiwa eziyingqongileyo kuyo. It yahlulwa masimu ezintathu nabahle entilini umlambo encinane Warri.

Le paki sihle naliphi na ixesha lonyaka, kodwa ehlotyeni okanye kokwindla, yena ingakumbi nomtsalane.

yesebe museum

ISebe of Artistic Crafts Museum-Reserve Abramtsevo ise-Khotkovo, hayi kude Manor. imvelaphi balo ngenxa enamandla angxamele kuphuhliso workshop Abramtsevo yezobugcisa nobugcisa kummandla Abramtsevo.

Eneneni, imbali ye-museum kwaye lisukela emva istudiyo, ngelo yabangela Elizabeth G. - umfazi Savva Mamontov. Emva koko kubekwa Elena Polenov. workshop samagama yaba isikolo qho ngonyaka ukusukela ngo-1876, wazama ukufunda abantwana ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu ukusuka emizini ejikelezileyo.

Kweminyaka emithathu amakhwenkwe baqeqeshwa simahla. Emva kokugqitywa kwale khosi bafundi ukuwufumana isipho workbench kunye iseti izixhobo ukuchwela. La makhwenkwe babuyela kwiilali zabo, waza wafumana umsebenzi ekhaya. Le workshop ibanike nabo imiyalelo kunye eziphathekayo. Ukususela neendonga zaso bemifanekiso ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini zobungangamela anamava. Abaninzi kubo baye basebenza, akayifezi kuphela imizekelo ukulungele eyenzelwe imizobo, kodwa ukudala imisebenzi yabo. Ezinye zezi zenzo inokubonwa namhlanje myuziyam.

Ngoku ndiphangela apha nokudala mveliso umdla bemifanekiso nje kuphela, kodwa imizobo, iinkosi ngodongwe kunye zabazobi. ababhali Modern athathe inxaxheba kwimiboniso, phantsi apho amagumbi ezininzi kumgangatho ophantsi ebekwe bucala.

"Abramtsevo", imyuziyam-estate: ukuba indlela apho?

Ukusuka Station Yaroslavl eMoscow kukho oololiwe zombane, nto leyo yenza yokumisa kwisikhululo "Abramtsevo". Oku kumane kubotshwa e Alexandria, Balakirevo, Sergiev Posad. Indlela eya esitishini olifunayo kuthatha iiyure 1.15. Ukususela iqonga kufuneka uhambe ehlathini trail intle malunga nesiqingatha sekhilomitha. Indlela uya kukuzisela wena kakhulu - hayi kaninzi abemi bazisa ukuhamba emahlathini. Ukufumana elahlekileyo akunakwenzeka - iyasetyenzelwa kwasekwa ekhomba ezininzi.

Ukuba uceba uhambo imoto, ngoko eMoscow, kufuneka uye kwi-Yaroslavl emendweni, uze uqhubeke ukuze uvule kunye Leshkovo Radonezh. Ke ukuqhuba ku Khotkovo babuye Abramtsevo. Le myuziyam use ekupheleni kwendlela engundoqo.

Unakho ukusebenzisa ibhasi. Ukusuka Sergiev Posad Museum uya kukuhlangula iibhasi kunye nebhasi nombolo 55, nto leyo eyenza iinqwelo ezisibhozo ngosuku.

mode

Ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya ku-Oktobha iindwendwe Museum "Abramtsevo". abavula zibe lula ukutyelela. Manor Park ivulwa yonke imihla ukususela 10.00 ukuya 20,00, veki - ku 21,00. Ukucaciswa lolondolozo lwembali nga kutyelelwa ukusuka 10.00 ukuya 18,00 phakathi evekini de 20,00 ngeempelaveki. Isakhiwo iphambili myuziyam kukho kunokwenzeka kuphela xa khenketho kuthatha indawo. In "Abramtsevo" (museum-reserve) ukuba ziqhutywa yonke imihla.

Iba

Wonke umntu ehambela i "Abramtsevo" imyuziyam, amagqabi yokwenene, ngokuqhelekileyo HIV. Babubone isimo esihle, kakuhle abanembeko, ummandla ezihlambulukileyo, imiboniso umdla, izikhokelo zobungcali.

Bobubi ezinye iindwendwe museum ziquka ixabiso aphezulu amatikiti, njengezikhumbuzo, ukuthatha imifanekiso kunye nkqu yokungena etempileni. Kodwa mhlawumbi kufuneka ibe categorical kangaka kulo mbandela. Imali efunyenweyo wayetyelele ezintsonkothileyo, yiya ngokubuyiselwa welifa kunye nophuhliso yayo ngakumbi.