Honore de Balzac: imisebenzi kunye nobomi bombhali omkhulu

I-Honore de Balzac ngumbhali omkhulu weFransi yemvelaphi, ebizwa ngokuthi "uLuhlu lwaBantu", oluneencwadana ezili-100 (imiqulu 97), lwaba luhlobo lwexesha. "Umbutho onamandla kunye nomoya onamandla" - nguloo mlo udumileyo obizwa ngokuba ngumhlobo wakhe osondeleyo kunye no-Victor Hugo.

Ubomi kunye nemisebenzi ka-Honore de Balzac

Nangona isiqalo esithi "de", esaziwayo kubahlonipheki, u-Honoré de Balzac akazange avele kwintsapho yamaqhawe. Ngokwezinye iingxelo, uyise wayengumthonyama eklasini yezilwanyana, kwaye unina wayevela kwintsapho yase-bourgeois. Ukususela kwiminyaka emine umlobi ozayo wakhuliswa ngaphandle kwendlu: kuqala uBalzac wafunda esikolweni sabhala, ngoko ukuhlala kwakhe kwawela kwizikolo zokubhoda, apho iNhlonipho yayinezikhumbuzo ezimbi kakhulu. Emva kokugqiba imfundo yakhe (i-bachelor degree), le nsizwa yangena kwiofisi yesazisi apho yayisebenza khona phantse iminyaka emithathu. Nangona kunjalo, xa uyise emmemele ukuba avule umkhuba wakhe, u-Honore wenqabile, wazimisela ukuzidela kwiincwadi (ngelo xesha wayesezibhale iincwadi ezintsha). Ehlelwe kwikota ehluphekileyo yaseParis, umbhali unqabile ngokushishino. Inombolo, ezayo ezayo iya kwenza u-Honore owaziwa kakhulu, waphuma phantsi kweepeni lakhe ngejubane elikhulu. Kodwa abagxeki babenentloni - abazange bayayiqonda imisebenzi yakhe.

Emva koko, kumbhali ongaziwayo, ixesha lokungabi namali lifikile, kwaye u-Honore de Balzac (umsebenzi wakhe ngelo xesha wayengabonakali nantoni na kubamemezeli) wagqiba ekubeni aququzelele iiprojekthi ezininzi zezemali ezingahambelani nendalo yombhalo. Kodwa zonke iinzame zokuzityebi ziphendukela kuye kuphela njengeemali eziqhelekileyo.

Honore de Balzac: imisebenzi eyatshintsha ubomi bakhe bonke

Ngo-1829, uBalzac ubuyele emsebenzini wokubhala. Wazibeka njengomkhosi "wempi" ngokwenene: walala ebusuku, wavuka phakathi kwebusuku, waphinda wathatha ipeni yakhe, exhasa amandla akhe ngoncedo lweenkompo ezininzi zekhofi enamandla. U-Balzac wasebenza ngejubane elimangalisayo - ngenxa yosuku angabhala phantsi iintsiba ezininzi.

Emva kokushicilelwa kwincwadi ethi "Shuans" ekugqibeleni yafumana ingqwalaselo efanelekayo Honore de Balzac, imisebenzi yakhe yaqala ukupapashwa. Umsebenzi obunzima wawuvuzwa, kwaye emva kwenkcazelo ethi "isikhumba sikaShareen" sashicilelwe, umlobi omncinane waqala ukubizwa ngokuba ngumlobi onobugcisa. Uphefumulelwe yimpumelelo, wagqiba ekubeni enze i-epic "Ulwahlulo lwabantu". Kodwa esi sicwangciso asizange sizaliseke ebomini ngokupheleleyo - uBalzac wakwazi ukubhala iincwadi ezilikhulu kuphela. Ngaphambi kwamehlo omfundi ubomi bonke bamaqhawe babonakala: ukuzalwa kwabo, ukuvuthwa, uthando, umtshato kunye nabantwana. Ukushicilelwa kwincwadi enomxholo othi "Ulwaphulo lwabantu" kwazisa umlobi kangangokuba wayenqwenela kuye uzuko lomvelisi wenveli.

I- Honore enkulu ka-Balzac: isebenza (uluhlu lwemisebenzi yangaphambili)

Emva kokupapashwa kwemisebenzi elandelayo, umbhali ekugqibeleni uyakhela ubomi bakhe kunye nesimo sokudala:

• Incwadana "Shuany", elandelwa ziziqokelelo zobomi bodwa (1830);
• Inveli "iGobsek";
• "Indlu yokudlala ibhola";
• "Isikhumba se-Shagreen" (umsebenzi waletha impumelelo enkulu kumbhali).

Naphezu kokugxeka, uBalzac uyaqhubeka nokusebenza. Emva kwexesha elithile, unengcamango yokudibanisa zonke iincwadi ezikhoyo kunye nezizayo kwi-epic. Kwaye kwaqala ukuvela "Ulwahlulo lwabantu." Ngokomxholo wombhali owaziwayo emhlabeni (wonke umntu wayenegama lakhe kwi-Honore de Balzac), imisebenzi eya kubandakanywa kwi-epic kufuneka ichaze uluntu lonke, zonke iziganeko kunye nobudala, oko kukuthi, ukudala umfanekiso wokuziphatha ngexesha lakhe. Ezinye izaveli, ezibandakanya kwi-epic "Ulwahlulo lwabantu":

• "Ukulahlekelwa ngcamango";
• "Elixir of Long";
• "Umdala Omdala";
• "I-Physiology yomtshato", njl.

Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, edinwe yintlungu ebuhlungu, uBalzac wamcela ukuba amlethe ugqirha uBianchon, iqhawe lenye yeencwadi zakhe. Ngaloo ndlela, ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, umbhali wagxininisa ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi wazakhela.