I-Central Ring Road iya kuhamba njani? Ukwakhiwa kwesikimu seCentral Ring Road

Kwiminyaka elishumi umgaqo wendlela oyintloko uya kusebenza ngokubanzi malunga nomzi waseMoscow. Ukwakhiwa kweCentral Ring Road kwacetywa ngummiselo kaRhulumente waseRussia Federation ngo-2001, kodwa kwaqala kuphela ngo-2014.

Iimpawu zeCKAD

Ubude balo buyiikubhite ezingamakhulu amahlanu anamanci mabini anesithoba, kwaye ububanzi buvela kwimizila emine ukuya kwezibhozo. Kuya kudlula eMoscow kumgama wamashumi amabini anesithandathu ukuya kumashumi mathandathu anesihlanu. Indlela iya kuxhotyiswa kwenkqubo entsha yokulawulwa kwezithuthi, izitishi zokujonga izinto zezulu, ii-helicopter siteing sites, izixhobo zokunxibelelana ngokukhawuleza, indawo zokuphumla kunye nenkonzo yendlela. Nsuku zonke i-Central Ring Road iya kukwazi ukugqitha ukuya kumawaka angamashumi asixhenxe anesibhozo amawaka. Isivinini esivumelekileyo kwindlela siyikhulu elinamanci mathathu ngeyure.

Igosa langaphambili leNgingqi yaseMoscow, uB. Gromov, elibizwa ngokuba yiCentral Ring Road phantse imeko yokuhlaziywa kwezoqoqosho kwezo ndawo.

Kuya kuphi kwaye iPort Ring Road ihamba njani? Ixabiso liza kuba libiza kangakanani, kwaye yintoni eya kuba yi-betonka? Le miba kunye neminye imiba ichazwa kweli nqaku.

Kutheni sifuna iCKAD?

Le ndlela iyanceda ngeendlela ezininzi.

KwiMoscow, eyayisasabalalisa imithwalo, iya kuba yinxalenye ethintekayo yendlela yokuhamba. Ngaloo ndlela, iMoscow iya kukhutshwa. I-CKAD kwingingqi yaseMoscow iya kuthwala imithwalo yempahla eyalelwe kwezinye iindawo. Ndiyabulela kule nkunkuma ye-traffic in capital iya kubuthathaka kakhulu.

Kwanesimo esivumelekileyo siya kuba ngummandla waseMoscow. I-CKAD iya kukhulula ikhonkrithi encinci ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye kwicala lasentshonalanga - kunye nekhonkrithi enkulu, nayo, amacandelo endlela phakathi kweMoses Ring Road kunye neCentral Ring Road. Siyabulela kwiNdlela yeCentral Ring kwindawo yaseMoscow iya kuba ngamawaka amabini amawaka emisebenzi emitsha, eya kunciphisa kakhulu imeko yabemi baseMoscow, abahamba imihla ngemihla baseMoscow basebenze.

KwiRashiya, ukusebenzisa le projekthi, izakhiwo eziza kubunjwa, iindawo ezizayo ze-ITC - iinqwelo zokuthutha ngamazwe ngamazwe. Ukwakhiwa kweCentral Ring Road kuya kuhamba kunye nokuhlaziywa kweendlela eziliqela zedolophu. Kwaye kwiminyaka embalwa ilizwe liya kukwazi ukufumana ngokupheleleyo kwi-transit. Emva koko, okwangoku, ifumana iipesenti ezintlanu kuphela zezinto ezingenako ukusuka. Sithetha malunga neengeniso zonyaka ukuya kwii ruble eziziimitha ezimbini neziqingatha. Oku kuya kudala amakhulu eminyaka emisebenzi emitsha, kwaye iya kuba yindawo efanelekileyo yokutshala imali ekuhlambululeni nasekuhlaleni.

Imimandla ecaleni kweso sithili saseMoscow, apho iCentral Ring Road iya kudlula, iya kunceda, kuba isantya sokuhamba kunye nokukhuseleko kwezithuthi kuya kwanda. Ukunyuka kweempahla eRashiya kuya kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye kungabizi, kwaye ukhuphiswano lweempahla zasekhaya luya kwanda.

Kutheni ungaqulunqi ikhonkrithi encinci?

Kukho imiba emininzi yemilayezo eyahlukileyo malunga nendlela iCentral Ring Road iya kudlula ngayo kwaye kutheni kuthatyathwe isigqibo sokuba singayi kuphinda sakha kwakhona iindlela ze-A-107 ne-A-108, ezibizwa ngokuba "iibhloko zekhonkrete" kubantu. Izizathu zezo zigqibo ziya kuxutyushwa ngezantsi.

Izizathu zezenhlalakahle zokuphakanyiswa kweNdlela yeCentral Ring

Okokuqala, zombini iindlela zidlulela kwiidolophana kunye needolophu kwiindawo ezininzi. Ikhonkrithi encinci idlula eBronnitsy, Noginsk, Zvenigorod, Elektrostal nakwezinye iidolophu. Izakhiwo ezikulo zikude kumitha ezintlanu ukuya kumashumi amathathu. Xa kulungiswa kwakhona indlela, kuya kubakho ukwakhiwa kweedolophu ezixubileyo okanye ukuthengwa kwipropati yabaphuhlisi kwindawo esondeleyo kwendlela. Kodwa nangona oko kwenziwa, abantu abaninzi ababenyanyekile baza kubonakala bahlala ezindlwini ezikufuphi kwaye baza kufuneka banyamezele umgwaqo omkhulu kunye nabo.

Nangona kunjalo, nakwindlela yokwakhiwa kwendlela entsha yeCentral Ring Road, naphezu kwemizamo yabaqulunqi ekwakhiweni kweenkunkuma, ingxaki yokubamba umhlaba apho abantu abahlala khona ayigwenywa. Lapha sagqiba kwelokuba silandele indlela ye "Sochi" kwaye sisebenzise umyalelo wokukhawuleza wokukhawulela iimfuno zelizwe. Ukuhlawulelwa kuya kwenziwa kwixabiso lentengiso.

Izizathu zobugcisa

Ukuze kube lula ukuhamba, isantya kwendlela kufuneka sifumane ukusuka kwikhulu elinamanci amathathu ukuya kwekhulu kunye neekhilomitha ezili-50 ngeyure kwaye ibe neyigaba lokuqala lobugcisa. Ezi zilandelayo zifuna iimfuno ezinzulu malunga neentente zengxangxala, ukukhawuleka, ububanzi beendlela zendlela kunye nokunye. Nangona kunjalo, ikhonkrithi encinci okanye enkulu ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokuthotyelwa kwezi mfuno. Ukuhlangabezana nomgangatho ongentla, kuya kubakho ukuvuselela iindlela ngokupheleleyo.

Iindlela ze-MMK kunye ne-MBK (i-beton encinci neyenkulu) inesithathu kunye neyesine kuphela, iindawo ezinqamleyo kwiindawo ezithile zingaphaya kwama-40 ekhulwini. Zinemizila emininzi, iinqununu kunye nokufuduka. Ngoko ke, ukulungiswa kwakhona kwezi ndlela akucebisi.

Izizathu zokucwangcisa kunye nezicwangciso zeedolophu zokumiswa kweNdlela yeCentral Ring

Ekubeni ubuninzi beendlela eMzantsi waseMoscow zingaphantsi kwamaxesha amane kumazwe aseYurophu, kungcono ukuba neendlela ezimbini, enye yazo iya kuba yindawo eqhelekileyo yendawo, kwaye enye iya kuba yindlela ehambahambayo, apho kuya kukwazi ukuqhuba ngejubane elikhulu. Ngaphandle koko, ukuthutha kwendlela yesithili kunye nokuhamba kuzo kuya kuhamba ngendlela enye , kunye neetrektare zendawo zaza kubelana ngeendlela ezifanayo kunye neelori ezinkulu ezisemhlabeni. Ukongezelela, inani elikhulu leengqungquthela kunye neengqungquthela kunye nekhonkrithi kufuneka zibuyiselwe kwakhona okanye zisuswe. Kungenxa yoko, umzekelo, isigaba sokuphinda sakhiwe kwendlela, apho iProint Ring Ring iya kuthiwa yiZvenigorodsky Run, iya kuba yimizila emine ububanzi kwaye ibe neyesibili yecandelo lobuchwepheshe.

Yintoni elindele ukukhonjiswa kwekhonkrithi kunye nomzila wesitimela?

Kwaye i-betonki encinci kunye nenkulu kwaye iya kuhlala ihamba ngeendlela ezingenamakhaya, eziza kubalwa ngokukhululeka kwendawo. Esikhundleni sendlela yokuhamba ngomzila, izithuba ezingaphezulu ziyakhiwa. Ezi ndawo ezininzi ziphantse zakhiwe kwiiNtshontsho ezimhlophe kunye neAlabino kwindlela ye-A-107.

Ukwakhiwa kweminye indawo e-Lipitino, eSharapova Ohote naseLvivsky kwindlela efanayo. Ngokulandelayo kumgca uhamba ngapha kweGolitsyno naseYurovo kwindlela encinci yekhonkrithi kunye neDorokhovo - enkulu. Ulwakhiwo lwabo lucwangciswe de kube ngu-2020.

Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwiCentral Ring Road

Ekuqaleni, iindleko zeprojekthi zaqala ukusuka kwii-ruble ezingamakhulu amathathu ukuya kumawaka amathathu namashumi amahlanu. Nangona kunjalo, la manani aya kuhlaziywa ngokubhekiselele kumlinganiselo wokutshintshiselwa kwe-ruble.

I-CKAD ixhaswa ngemali evela kwimithombo emithathu:

• Ukuxhaswa kwi-budget yemali.
• Iimali zeNgxowa-mali yeNational Welfare Fund.
• Iindlela zabathengisi kunye nabatyalomali.

Ngo-2014 no-2015, "i-Avtodor" ifanele ifumane kwi-NWF ngaphezu kweeruble ezigidi ezingamashumi amathathu nesibhozo, eziza kuhamba kwiindawo zokuqala nezesihlanu zendlela. Esi sigqibo senziwe emva kokugqitywa kwezivumelwano kunye nabatyalomali abazimeleyo. Ezi ndawo zikufutshane. Baya kudlula entshonalanga nakumazantsi eMoscow baze batyelele ngamakhilomitha ezilikhulu anamashumi amathathu anesixhenxe. Iindleko zale mihlaba ziya kuba malunga ne-forty-nine okanye ngaphezulu ezingamashumi amane namabini ama-ruble ayi-billion.

Uninzi lwezimali kule ndlela luya kuhlawulwa ngurhulumente, ama-twenty-five percent - ngo-Stroytransgaz, kunye neenkampani zonyanga-mali ezizimeleyo ziya kutyalomla i-10 ukuya kweyesine.

Iimali ze-NWF zacetywayo ukuba zityalomali ekwakhiweni kwendlela ukusuka ekupheleni kuka-2013. Nangona kunjalo, unyaka kamva kwagqitywa ukuba kuphakanyiswe inkunzi yeebhanki ukuxhasa le iiprojekthi kunye nezinye iiprojekthi. Oku kwasebenzisa i-Gazprombank kwaye kuthengwa izibophelelo zeAvodor ngexabiso le-National Welfare Fund. Isicwangciso esinjalo sele sisetyenziswe ngo-RZD, apho i-VTB iBhange isebenza njengomzuzi.

Umbuzo wendlela isahlulo sesithathu nesine, ubude balo malunga neekhilomitha ezimbini, kunye neendleko ezingaphezu kwekhulu kunye namashumi amahlanu amabhiliyoni ayi-ruble, aziyi kuxazululwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona ezi zikhundla zikhuphiswano.

Sites

Ukufumanisa indlela iCentral Ring Road idlula ngayo, unokwazi ukujonga kwimaphu yeprojekthi. Kuya kulungeleka ukusebenzisa le khadi kwikhadi leYandex.

Icandelo lonke, apho iCKAD iya kudlula khona kwingingqi yaseMoscow, ikwahlula kwiintlanzi ezinhlanu okanye iziza ezilishumi. Phakathi kwePC yesithathu kunye neyesihlanu idlula ikhilomitha elingaphezulu kweekhilomitha, leyo eyakhelwe yiAvtoror Group of Companies. Le sayithi ayifakiwe kwiinkalo zokuqala.

Kucetywayo ukuseka kwizigaba ezimbini zeCentral Ring Road. Isicwangciso salo sinje.

Isigaba 1

Isigaba sokuqala sokwakha kufuneka sigqitywe ngo-2018. Ngalesi sithuba, isahlulo esithandathu kwishumi kufuneka sakhiwe, senze isangqa kunye nobude obude beekhilomitha amathathu namathathu anesibhozo kunye neekhilomitha ezingamashumi amathathu anesihlanu. Isangqa, apho iCentral Ring Road iya kudlulela, iphindaphinda ngokupheleleyo ikhonkrithi encinane okanye i-A-107.

2 isigaba

Isigaba sesibini siya kubanjwa ukususela ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2025, ngexesha apho iinqanaba ezine ezimashumi anesithoba anesithoba anesibhozo ezimashumi mathandathu ezisixhenxe, ngeendlela ezi-6, ziya kwakhiwa.

Izibonelelo kwiCentral Ring Road

Ubanzi beendlela ziya kuba zii-8 ezihamba ngeendlela. Apho iya kudibanisana nezinye iindlela zenkampani kunye nezommandla, ukutshintshana kwamanqanaba amaninzi, amabhuloho, ukugqitha kunye nokugqithisa. Ngokupheleleyo, kucetywayo ukwakha iinguqu ezingamashumi amathathu nantathu kunye namabhuleji amabini anamanci asixhenxe anesibhozo.

Inqanaba le nqanaba eliphezulu liya kuba luncedo kakhulu kubatyalimi abahlukeneyo, zombini izinto zokusebenza kunye nemveliso. Esi siqinisekiso sihlinzekwa zizicelo ezifunyenwe kubasomali abafunyenwe nguRhu lumente waseMoscow.

Kwindawo apho izakhiwo zakwaKing Central Ring ziyakhiwa khona, izakhiwo zepetroli ziza kwakhiwa, apho izakhiwo zeefestile kunye neemigodi zokusebenza ziza kusebenza, izitulo zegesi ezingamashumi amathathu kunye neefestile-zokutya, izitishi zesevisi ezilishumi elinesibhozo kunye nee-motels ezilishumi elinesibhozo.

Ukuhamba

Indlela iya kuhlawulwa kuyo yonke indawo, ngaphandle kobunzima bokuqaliswa kwesihlanu, apho iya kudlula kwinqanaba elincinci okanye kwi-A-107. Ukuhlawulwa kweziza ezihlawulelwayo ezakhiwe ngendleko yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lusetyenziswe ukulungiswa kweemoto ezihamba ngeebhulo ezimbini ezimbini iikececks ezingamashumi amathathu nambili ngekhilomitha. Kwiindawo apho utyalo-mali oluzimeleyo luya kutsalwa, iindleko zingase ziphakame.

Kubahlali baseMoscow, iCentral Ring Road iya kuba mahhala.

Ecology

Njengoko ijubane kwiCentral Ring Road landa, inqanaba lefuthe elibi kummandla liya kuhla. Isantya esiya kwiikhilomitha ezintlanu ukuya kwiiyure ngeyure liyakhula ukukhupha ukuya kutsho kwezihlandlo ezilishumi ngaphezu kwejubane elimashumi mathandathu ukuya kwamashumi asibhozo kwikhilomitha ngeyure.

Ngendlela, njengoko iCentral Ring Road iya kudlulela, ayiyi kuba neenkxalabo kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo ngokuthe ngqo, ngoko ke ukuhlolwa okhethekileyo kwendalo akukhethwa.

Nangona kunjalo, le projekthi yadlulisa uvavanyo lokusingqongileyo loluntu, apho iingcali zenzululwazi-zendalo-nxaxheba zithatha inxaxheba.

Kuyaziwa ukuba ikhulu leepesenti zemithi ephuma kuyo yonke indawo yommandla waseMoscow iya kunqunyulwa kwintsimi apho iSebe eliPhakathi leCyadali likhona. Ngenjongo yokubuyisela, ukutyala ukuhlawulelwa kwemithi kunye nezihlahla kuhleliwe.

Ukongezelela, ngokokuqala ngqa kwindlela yokwakhiwa komgwaqo kazwelonke inika i-cent yepesenti yokucoca amanzi emvula, ukuguqulwa kwezilwanyana kunye neengxowa zengxolo kwiindawo apho izakhiwo zokuhlala zihlala kufuphi.