Imizekelo ye-macroeconomics ebomini bomntu

I-Macroeconomics yenye yezona zibalulekileyo zenzululwazi kulabo basebenzayo kwiinkampani ezinkulu, kumasebe aphathelene nokuhweba kwamanye amazwe kunye namaziko aphezulu asemgangathweni kwicandelo lezezimali. Ukubaluleka okunjalo kubangelwa kukuba le nzululwazi inomdla kwiziganeko ezinkulu, kwaye imizekelo ye-macroeconomics iza kusenza siqonde ngakumbi ukubaluleka kwayo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe phambili, kufuneka kuthathelwe ukuba imizekelo ingeniswa kwaye ibe ngaphezulu - kuphela ke bonke ubukhulu beli nqaku alifani. Kodwa okokuqala sifuna ukufumanisa oko i-macroeconomics ifundayo. Le nzu lulwazi yenzululwazi ihlola iinkqubo ezenzeka kwinqanaba likarhulumente.

Yintoni enokuba yimimandla ye-macroeconomics?

Njengoko sele kukhankanywe, i-macroeconomics ijongene neengxaki kwizinga likarhulumente kunye nobudlelwane phakathi. Ukuze kube lula, kwagqitywa ukuba kuxelele kuphela ngabo bachaphazelekayo kwilizwe. Ngoko ke, kuphela iindlela ezi-5 eziza kuqwalaselwa, apho i-macroeconomics inceda. Imizekelo ebomini:

1. Impembelelo kwilizwe.
2. Ubutyebi besizwe belizwe.
3. Izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi: izizathu kunye nezindlela zokunqoba.
4. Ukukhula koqoqosho koburhulumente.
5. Umgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho.

Njengoko uyakubona, izinto ezichaphazelekayo ze-macroeconomics zibalulekile kungekuphela kwiplani yesayensi, kodwa nakubemi belizwe.

Imveliso

Ixabiso lemali yinkqubo yokwehla imali. Ukuba unesayizi yeepesenti ezili-10 ngonyaka, kuthiwa lilingana. Ngesilinganiso sama-10 ukuya kuma-50 ekhulwini, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kubizwa ngokuba yi-galloping. Yaye ngamaxabiso angaphezu kwama-50 - i-hyperinflation. Ukulwa neenkqubo zokunyuka kwamaxabiso, urhulumente angakwazi ukukhupha imali okanye ukurhoxisa ezinye zeemali ezivela kwimida. Kwakhona, umgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho ungaphikisana nokunyuka kwamaxabiso .

Kodwa umsebenzi oyintloko ojongene ne-macroeconomy ukunciphisa ilahleko, ezikuncedwa ngamaxabiso emali. Ukulungele ukuzinza kwekhaya kukungabikho kwamanani okunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokuchasana, kodwa ngoku, amathuba afanelekileyo avumelekileyo ukuba afikeleleke angakhange anikezelwe kuluntu jikelele.

Ubutyebi besizwe belizwe

Ukufundwa kobutyebi besizwe belizwe kubalulekile ngokubaluleka koqoqosho lwayo . Nangona uphando olude, kumazwe ahlukeneyo akukho nanye indlela ekuya kuqwalaselwa ngayo ubutyebi besizwe. Imele ixabiso lentengo yezinto eziphathekayo zezoqoqosho ezibonakalayo ezixabisekileyo kwixabiso lemarike. Zizo kuphela ezo zixhobo eziphantsi kwabahlali beli lizwe ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwelizwe ziqwalaselwa. Ngelo xesha, iimbopheleleko zemali kufuneka zithathelwe.

Ukuthetha ngemibandela ye-macroeconomics, kufuneka kuthathelwe ukuba le gatya lesicwangciso libaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni iinkqubo. Ukwazi isixa sobutyebi besizwe belizwe, urhulumente unokuxhomekeka ekusebenziseni kwabo ngabemi xa kwenzeka ukuba kunikezelwe iimeko. Ngako oko, kuyimfuneko ukunqanda urhwaphilizo kwiiofisi zamagosa ngangokunokwenzeka (kwaye, ngokwenene, ukuyiqeda ngokupheleleyo), ukunciphisa iphepha xa usebenzisa imali, ukuququzelela ukusebenzisana phakathi kwexesha elizayo kunye nabasomashishini abaye bafumanisa ngenye icala kunye neefowuni zombuso kwelinye.

Ukungasebenzi

Abantu abaninzi ababandakanyekayo kwezoqoqosho - enkulu ubukhulu bayo. Kwiincwadi zeencwadi kwizentlalo zezoqoqosho, zikhankanya imizekelo ye-macroeconomics, ngokuqhelekileyo kubhaliwe ukuba i-1% yeepesenti yehle ukungabikho kwemisebenzi yenza kube lula ukwandisa i-GDP yelizwe ngama-2.5 ekhulwini. Njengeendlela zokunqoba ukungasebenzi, i-macroeconomics inikezela:

1. Khuselo.
2. Ukufezekiswa kweentlawulo zenkxaso karhulumente kumashishini athatha abantu abangasebenzi ukuba basebenze.
3. Ukupheliswa kwezithintelo ekuhambeni kwabasebenzi.
4. Nciphise iminyaka yobudala.
5. Ukutshutshiswa kwabangasebenziyo ukwenzela ukuba bafune umsebenzi.
6. Ukudala kwamashishini karhulumente okanye uncedo kumali yabucala ekudaleni imisebenzi.

Eminye imizekelo ye-macroeconomics inokubonakala ibuhlungu kakhulu, kodwa kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba bayinikezela kokuqala indlela yokuphuma kweemeko ezinzima. Kwaye kwiimeko ezinjalo, zonke iindlela zilungile.

U qoqosho

Ukukhula koqoqosho kusenza sikwazi ukuziqhelanisa nomgangatho wempumelelo yesicwangciso sophuhliso loluntu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, inzuzo ye-3% ithathwa njengesiqhelo, evumela ukuba uphuhliso olulinganisiweyo lweli lizwe ngelizinga lokuba uluntu lunokuthi luva ngathi utshintsho. Iingcamango ze-macroeconomics zibonisa ukuba ukukhula koqoqosho akukwazi ukuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo, ngoko kukho ukuwa kwexesha ngamaxesha. Umsebenzi wale nzululwazi ukunikela ngeendlela ezinjalo zokulawula ezinokunciphisa ukubaluleka kweengxaki kubantu.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho

Enye yezindlela eziphambili zokuthintela uqoqosho, olusetyenziswa kumazwe amaninzi xa kwenzeka imeko yeengxaki, ngumgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho. Ikuvumela ukuba uqondise izixhobo kule mimandla yoqoqosho lwelizwe apho inkxaso efunekayo ukuze isisombululo esiphezulu kakhulu kwiimeko ezikhoyo. Ubomi boqoqosho kwiimeko ezinzima ezixhaswa yi-bhajethi yelizwe. Ngoko, inkxaso-mali ingafakwa kumashishini ngamnye. Okanye, iinkampani ziya kufumana iilayiphu zemveliso yazo. Konke kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuba abantu bakwazi ukugcina imisebenzi yabo kunye namandla okuthenga. Kunokuthi umgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho ujolise ekukhuseleni ilahleko kwixesha elizayo ngendlela yokuveliswa kwenxalenye yombutho onobuchule kwimimandla yobomi boqoqosho. Ngoku awukwazi nje ukuba ufunda i-macroeconomics, kodwa unokunika imizekelo yangempela yokuphunyezwa kwayo.