I-European Indo-iilwimi: imvelaphi hypothesis

Iingcali zeelwimi ukufunda imvelaphi yalo okanye lwimi ivumela ukuba bagwebe iqondo nomini beentlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo. Umntu ayithathe le quest, kuba maxa wambi ngethuba nohlahlelo utyhila iimfihlelo ezifihlakeleyo zabantu, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukongeza, ngenxa ke uphando ngemvelaphi ngeelwimi ehlabathini bubungqina ngakumbi ukubonisa ukuba zonke iindlela zonxibelelwano ukuthatha imvelaphi ukusuka ekuqaleni enye. Kukho iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo malunga ngemvelaphi iqela kweelwimi elithile. Khawuve oko iingcambu iilwimi Indo-Europe.

Yintoni ifakiwe kule mbono?

Usapho Indo yaseYurophu-lweelwimi uye wagxininisa abaphengululi iilwimi ngenxa yokufana enkulu, imigaqo ukufana, bungqinelwa indlela lothelekiso nembali. Wawuhlanganisa malunga 200 kunye neendlela ofileyo zonxibelelwano. Le iilwimi abathwali zimelwe, inani elo likhulu kune indawo kwi 2.5 billion. Noko ke, intetho yabo ayiphelelanga ubungaka- kaRhulumente, oko isasazeka phezu komhlaba wonke.

Igama elithi "usapho yaseYurophu Indo-lweelwimi" yaqaliswa ngo-1813, enye ingcali yenzululwazi odumileyo yaseBritani Thomas Young. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, yamachiza British lokuqala States mbhalo saseYiputa kunye negama Cleopatra.

Yeengcinga malunga nemvelaphi

Ngenxa yokuba usapho ulwimi yaseYurophu Indo-uthathwa kakhulu zize jikelele, izazinzulu ezininzi esazibuza apho iingcambu ithathe eziwuxhasayo. Kukho imibono eziliqela malunga nemvelaphi kwenkqubo yeelwimi, isishwankathelo apho angamelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. hypothesis lia. Le yenye iinguqulelo zokuqala ngemvelaphi wokuqala ulwimi, kunye nabameli izinyanya eziqhelekileyo yeqela yaseYurophu Indo-. Its IsiNgesi zakudala advanced Colin Renfrew. Wacebisa ukuba awazalelwa kuyo usapho kweelwimi yi ariya apho ndawo Turkish of Çatalhöyük (eAnatolia) ngoku. Hypothesis yayisekelwe ngeziphumo yenzululwazi efumaneka kule ndawo, kwakunye imisebenzi yakhe kucazululo kusetyenziswa imifuniselo Radiocarbon. Lweli imvelaphi lia kuthathwa ukuba enye ingcali yenzululwazi waseBritani Barri Kanliff, eyaziwa ngokuba umsebenzi wakhe kwamathambo kunye zakudala.

2. I-Kurgan hypothesis. Le nguqulelo wanikela UMarija Gimbutas, owayengomnye amanani abadumileyo kummandla nezifundo zenkcubeko kwamathambo. Ngowe-1956, kwiincwadi zakhe, kucetyiswa ukuba usapho ulwimi yaseYurophu Indo-intsukaphi eRashiya namhlanje Ukraine. Version yayisekelwe kwinyaniso yokuba ngelo xesha kwakukho inkcubeko uhlobo gquma Yamna, nokuba la macandelo mabini Wayitwabulula ezininzi Eurasia.

3. hypothesis Balkan. Ngokutsho lo mbono, kukholelwa ukuba izinyanya Indo-yaseYurophu obehleli kwelasezantsi-mpuma eYurophu yanamhlanje. Le nkcubeko yavela kule ndawo ye Balkan Peninsula yaye iseti imilinganiselo eziphathekayo nangokomoya wadala kwithuba Neolithic. Izazinzulu ziye ukubeka phambili oluguqulelo, ngokusekelwe amasiko abo kumgaqo kweelwimi, ekuthe ngenxa yawo kwahlaziywa "iziko womxhuzulane" (oko kukuthi, i-yokuzalwa okanye umthombo) ulwimi isasazeka kwindawo apho kukho iindidi ezinkulu iindlela zonxibelelwano.

Indo-European iqela iilwimi iquka indlela zixhaphakileyo mihla zokunxibelelana. oosonzululwazi uPhando ngeelwimi bathi commonality yeenkcubeko, kwakunye isibakala sokuba bonke abantu ezinxulumene omnye komnye. Ke okona kubalulekileyo, yintoni kufanele kukhunjulwe kwaye kuphela Kule meko kungenzeka ukuba ukuthintela nentiyo nokungaqondi phakathi bezizwe ezahlukeneyo.