I-helicopter "uRobinson": iimpawu, isithombe, isivinini. I-helicopter indiza "Robinson"

Umqhubi oqhelekileyo, ehlawula umzila omde, akazange akhononde ukuba imoto yakhe inqatshelwe ukunyathela emoyeni ize ibhabhise i-cork. Ukugqithiswa ngokugqithisileyo kwezothutho kwimeko xa ixesha libiza ngaphezu kwemali. Le meko iyenzeka kubantu abalawula imali eninzi, ekufuneka idibeneyo kwintlanganiso yezoshishino inokuphumela ekulahlekeni okukhulu. Njengomthetho, abathengi abaphumelelayo bathenga iimoto ezibiza. Kwaye nasi isisombululo. I-helicopter "uRobinson" ngeendleko zayo kuphakathi kwexabiso lentlawulo yommeli wemoto, induduzo ayikho ngaphantsi kweCadillac, kwaye iingxaki zeendlela aziwazanga.

Injongo

Iimbutho zentsebenziswano lobuqu kwi-West zavela kudlulileyo, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba zifikeleleke kubantu abacebile kakhulu. Kwiminyaka engamashumi asibhozo ekhulwini lama-20, i-American firm Robinson Helicopter yabamba i-market ye-maritime yamashishini abucala kwaye yaqala ukuhlakulela imodeli ye-helicopter enokukwazi ukuzalisa i-niche ye-middle-consumer niche. Enyanisweni, bekufanele ukuba "yinqwelo ehambahambayo", leyo, ngaphezu kwecandelo lokuqhuba umqhubi, lingabamba abantu abathathu okanye abane abaneemithwalo. EMelika, abantu bahlala behamba ngeemoto zabo, banqumla ukude ukuya kwiikhilomitha eziliwaka, kumgama kwaye babalwe "uRobinson". Ukongeza kwezi mfuno, i-helicopter yayinezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo: ukulawula okulula kunye nokuqeqeshwa ekuqhubeni, uqoqosho lobutyebi, ubomi besikhathi eside, ukulungiswa kokugcinwa, ukuthembeka, ukhuseleko kunye nentuthuzelo. Ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke ezi meko kumatshini omnye akuwona umsebenzi olula, kwaye i-design yeofisi yenkampani kwafuneka isebenze nzima. Phantse kwiminyaka elishumi eseleyo ekuphuhliseni i-helicopter. Ngo-1990, i-helicopter yaseRobinson yomzekelo wokuqala i-R44 yayilungele ngokubanzi, emva kweminyaka embalwa yaqinisekiswa kwaye yaziswa kwi-market-size-market.

Impawu zoKwakha

Ukufana nomoto kuza engqondweni emva koko emva kokumazi kunye nedatha yezobuchwephesha. I-helicopter yaseRobinson inzima ngaphezu kweetoni, kunye neoli, umqhubi, abagibeli kunye nemithwalo yabo. Oku kuhambelana nomlinganiselo oxhotyisiweyo we "Zhiguli". Ipetroli kwiitanki zibeke iilitha ezingama-185, ezaneleyo kwiimitha ezintathu okanye ezine neehafu okanye iikhilomitha ezili-650 zokuhamba. Nangona kunjalo, abo baye bajongana ne-airline-scale scale in babo ubomi bayazi ukuba akwanele ukuba bafikelele kwindawo eya kuyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukwazi ukukwazi ukufika apho. Kwaye oku kufuna i-aerodrome (ukuba inqwelo yendiza yenziwa kwinqwelo) okanye iqonga elifanelekileyo (kwi-helicopter). Ubuninzi be-rotor ephezulu "i-Robinson" idlulileyo ngaphezu kweemitha ezilishumi, ubukhulu becala buyi-11.75 m, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba kulula ukutshala kuyo nayiphi na indiza elineli xesha elide, sidinga esinye isitokisi. Nangona kunjalo, iimfuno zokungena kweemoto zilula njengoko zinokwenzeka ngenxa yenye into yokuyila - i-screw isekwe phezulu, ngaphezu kweemitha ezintathu ngaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye amathuba okubamba isithintelo esincinci. Ngamanye amazwi, i-helicopter yaseRobinson ayifuni i-pad yokwakheka ngokuthe ngqo.

Izifihla zesityalo

Imoto yakhiwa ngokweklasi yeklasi kunye ne-propeller eyodwa kunye nomnye ohambayo (ukuhlawulela) i-screw, ekhonjeni. Isityalo sinamandla emva kwekhabhi kwaye sibandakanya i-motor ne-reducer. Uhlobo lwesithuthi, ngokuxhomekeke ekuguqulweni, lunokuba yi-IO-540 okanye i-O-540 Ukufika - kuzo zombini iimeko amandla angaphezu kwe-260; Inani leesilinda lithandathu. Ngexesha elifanayo kwi-cabin ye-helicopter ithule. Imfihlelo yomsindo ophantsi, ubude bomsebenzi wenkonzo kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu kwitshixo yamandla kulungelelaniso, oko kukuthi, amandla okugcina. Isebenza "isiqingatha-ntliziyo", ayiyi kuphuka, ukuba inxulumene nezinto ezinomdla (kubandakanywa ingqungquthela), kwaye kwangexesha elifanayo ukunyuka kokunyuka kunxiba, kubangela iziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu.

Lawulo

Kukho ezimbalwa ezihambayo ezizithobela umqhubi njengoRobinson. I-helicopter yenzelwe umqhubi omnye, kodwa ukuba kuyimfuneko, umgibeli ohleli ngakwesokudla unokuzihlola. Ukwenza oku, kukwanele ukuba aguqule umgca wokulawula (uhlangothi lwe-cyclic) kwicala lakhe kwaye asebenzise i-lever yakhe ukulawula isinyathelo kunye ne-gala, apho ukusuka kwesobunxele kunikezelwa izihlalo zangaphambili. Ayikho yonke i-helicopter ephantsi-tonnot ixhotywe ngomsebenzi wokulawula ombini, kodwa kubalulekile kokubili ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko kunye noqeqesho lwabaqhubi, abahlala bebaphathi beemoto.

Iimpawu zokuhamba

Inqwelo nganye iyahlolwa ngeengcali kwiisethi zeenjongo ezilinganisiweyo, ezilinganiswe kumanani. Ngaloo ndlela, inokwenzeka yokuqhuba imoto kwiindawo ezisemantla ezisentla okanye itropiki inquma iqondo lokushisa apho uhambo luhlala lukhuselekile. Kwi-sampuli yobuchwephesha ekubhekiselele kuyo, inkulu-ukusuka -30 ° C ukuya kwi-40 ° C, ekhokelela ekugqibeleni ukuba inokusebenza kwimida yonke yaseRashiya. Ijubane lokuhamba (oko kukuthi, isantya sokusebenza esivamile) se-Robinson helicopter malunga ne-110 mph (kwiiyunithi ezamkelwe e-US) okanye i-177 km / h yethu, kodwa ingafikelela kwi-190 kwindlela yokubuyisela emva. Ukuqwalasela ukuchaneka kwendlela yokuhamba, izinto ezinokubambisa izithuthi zomoya ziyabonakala. Ubungakanani obuphezulu bendiza, ebizwa ngokuba yi-plail nge-airmen, ifinyelela kumitha engama-4,250, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ihamba ngezantsi, kwisiqingatha esinye nesiqingatha, apho i-fuel helicopter iyona mafutha. Iimpawu zixhomekeke kumzekelo kunye neqondo lophuhliso lobomi benkonzo.

Ulungiso

I-Helicopter kaRobinson kunzima ukuthelekisa ngokwemiqulu yemveliso kunye "nemikhomo" yezolimo zaseMelika njengeBoing, iSikorsky okanye iMcDonnell-Douglas. Inkampani iphumelele impumelelo yezorhwebo kwicandelo elincinci elincinci leemakethe ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba iimveliso zayo zijoliswe kuphela kubathengi bangebucala, kwakhona ziyafumaneka ngamaziko karhulumente (umzekelo, amapolisa), kungekhona nje amaMerika. Ukugubungela i-spectrum enkulu yabathengi, iinguqu ezisixhenxe ze-helicopter zeRobinson zenziwe:

- "Astro" - ifakwe i-O-540 injini.

- "I-Raven" - imodeli yentengiso kunye nenjini eyomeleleyo i-O-540-F1B5 kwizitifiketi zetsimbi, ezinokumelana nokuhla ngomhlaba kwiindawo ezinzima.

- "Clipper" - i-float version (i-hydro-rover).

- "I-Raven II" - inenjini ye-injini IO-540-AE1A5. Ukongeza, ii-propell blades zibanzi. Ukwandiswa kwamandla okuthutha, ukuvumela ukuhamba ngeenqwelo okanye ukungabonakali.

- "Clipper II" - efanayo "Raven II" kwi-hydrovariant.

- "U-AY-EF-Umqeqeshi" - njengoko igama libonisa, imodeli yoqeqesho ifakwe zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko.

- "Amapolisa II" - imoto yamapolisa, ixhotyiswe ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuthuthuzela nokukhuselwa

Ukuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya nge-helicopter "uRobinson" ihluke kancinane kwindlela ehamba ngayo kwimoto eqhelekileyo endleleni. Izihlalo zikhululekile, iibhokisi zeempahla zakhiwe phantsi kwazo. Ukuqhaqhazela kuyamkholisa, kwaye kungekhona kuphela umqhubi (kulo mbuzo unokubaluleka komsebenzi: bhetele uphando, kulula ukuhamba kwindawo), kodwa nabagibeli abanomdla kuphela.

Ngokubhekiselele kwengozi yokuphula, ngokuqinisekileyo ikhona, kodwa ubunokwenzeka bayo buncinane kunokuba behamba ngezinye iindlela zokuthutha. Nokuba ukungaphumeleli kweenjini kuninzi kungakhokelela kwimiphumo emibi - oku akusiyo kuphela into eyenziwa nguRobinson (kwaye ikhanya kakhulu), kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zonke iinqwelo-moya zikwazi ukwenza ukuhamba komhlaba okucothayo ngenxa yokujikeleza kwe-rotor eyintloko (kuthiwa yi-autotation).

Uninzi lwamashishini alolu hlobo lubandakanyeka kwiingozi ngenxa yokuqeqeshwa ngokwaneleyo kwabaqhubi okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi.

Iimarike zesekondari

Intengo yefektri ye "Robinson R-44" e-US i malunga needola ezingama-300. Ukuthatha inzuzo yerhwebo kunye neendleko zemvume yamasiko, ifikelela kumawaka angama-450 eRashiya. Le ndleko ephakamileyo ikhuthaza abanikazi abanokufumana iindlela zokugcina ngokufumana izixhobo eziyimfuneko kwimarike yesibini, apho ukuthengwa kungenziwa ngokuhlawula phakathi kwama-dollar ayi-270 no-400 amawaka e-US. Kwizinto ezilishumi, ii-nine zithengiswa njengaleyo, kwaye i-helicopter yaseRobinson ayikho. Ifoto yesiphakamiso esicetywayo ayinakuthethi nto, ngokubaluleke kakhulu kukubambisana kwedatha kwimithombo yemoto yamanani kunye nobudala obudala. Ixesha phakathi kohlengahlengiso lwentengo alinakugqithisa iiyure eziyi-2200 (oko, ngendlela, engabizi - kuyimfuneko ukunikela malunga nama-$ 60,000). Kufuneka uhlawule ingqalelo kwizinto ezikhoyo eziseleyo kwiiyunithi, ingakumbi ezibiza kakhulu. Inyani kukuba abakhi beenqwelo-moya emhlabeni wonke benza inzuzo enkulu ngaphandle kokuthengiswa kwezinto zokusebenza, kodwa ukususela ekunikezeni okunye izinto kunye nezinto zokusetyenziswa.