I-Manfher yokuhamba: imbali, intengo. Bayonet ukuya kuManlicher Rifle

Phakathi kweengalo ezincinci ezidalwe ngo-1890, isibhamu sikaManchela sithandeka ngokukhethekileyo. Yenzelwe nguFerdinand Manlicher ngowe-1895. Ngokwemvelo, ukuveliswa kwabizwa ngegama emva komdali walo. Kungatsholwa ukuba isibhamu sikaManher sinezinto ezininzi ezahlukileyo, ngoko kukhangelelene nemvelaphi yezinye iingalo ezincinane zala maxesha. Kodwa masithethe ngezinto zonke.

Inxalenye ethile yembali

Imfucumfucu yesitolo seManlicher ngo-1895 yamkelwa ngumkhosi wase-Austro-Hungarian. Ngaloo mihla kwakukho isikhali esithembekileyo nesichanekileyo. Umdali walo wayengumculi we-gun Ferdinand Manlicher, osebenza kwenye yeevenkile zengalo kwisixeko saseSteyr. Ukusuka ngo-1895 ukuya ku-1918, malunga nezigidi ezi-3 izibhamu, kunye nokuguqulwa okuhlukeneyo (imoto, iibhola) zenziwa eBudapest naseStrr. Ezi ngalo ezincinci zabizwa ngokuba yi "M95".

Emva kokuwa kweAustria-Hungary, izixhobo zahlala zikhonza ne-Austria kunye neHungary. Kukwafanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba inani elincinci leemfuyo zale hlobo zaseItali. Enyanisweni, eli lizwe alizange libaveze kwaye lafumana nje iinqanaba. Ekubeni ngo-1924, izixhobo zaguqulelwa kwi-cartridge yaseJamani iMauser 7.92 mm. Uhlobo oluphawulekayo lwaluthambo oluxilwe kunye nobukho bevidyo zeMauser. Ngokomgaqo, isibhamu sikaManher wasetyenziselwa yonke indawo, kuba yayingumzekelo.

Iinkcukacha ezimbalwa ezithandekayo zembali

Ngowe-1930, e-Austria, kwagqitywa ukuba ibuyise isibhamu phantsi kwe-cartridge 8x56R, njengoko yayinamandla ngakumbi. Utshintsho oluphambili luchukumise i-trunk, eyayifutshane, kwaye iingalo ezincinci zafumana into entsha, eyamanje.

IHungary ilandele i-modernism yaseHungary. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba izibhamu zesiHungary, ezifana neAustria, zisetyenziswe ngokusetyenziswa ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Ngomnyaka we-1885, uManchchher wenza ivenkile ngokulayishwa okuxotshiwe. Ivenkile enye yokutya yayisetyenziswe kwisitya sensimbi, esasigcina kude ikhesethi ikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngokubanzi, isibhamu sikaMancer sasilungele ukusetyenziswa, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sivumele ijoni lihla. Kwenzeke ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, njengoko siza kukuxelela emva koko.

Shutter echanekileyo

Kungatsholwa ukuba i-shutter ngqo inamathuba kunye nokuphazamiseka xa kuthelekiswa ne-shutter shutter. Wayengumzimba we-cylindrical, ophethe izikhokelo zangaphambili kunye ne-shank ye-shutter kunye nama-stop stops. Ingxenye yayo yangaphakathi yayineengcamango zomoya, zidibaniswe neendawo eziza kungena kwi-shank.

Kungokwemvelo ukuba kwakukho inxalenye yomsila wengqindi, eyayivumela ukuba umntu aqhube umqhubi, ngaphandle kokuvula i-shutter ngokwayo. Ukuba sithetha ngeenzuzo zesisombululo esinjalo, kubandakanya ukulula okuvelisa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingxaki ezingenakwenzeka. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba uvelwano. Ukongeza, i-shutter ngokuthe ngqo, ngokuchaseneyo ne-swivel, ayikwazi ukubonelela i-extraction ye-caseji ye-cartridge, eyayiyiphumelelo. Kwakhona, kwiwindow yokupakisha kwepakethi, ephawulekayo ngobukhulu, ukungcola kunye namanzi ngokungena kwibhokisi.

Manlicher Carbine: iinkcukacha

Into ehlukile ye-carpenter ye-1895 yayisigxina esincinci, umbono owenziwe ngokutsha kunye nombhede. Ngelo xesha, sasebenzisa i-cartridge standard kunye ne-shutter ecacileyo, leyo, njengoko sele sifikelele, ayikho iingxaki zayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba isibhamu sase-Austro-Hungarian asizange sibe ne-bayonet. UManlicher akazange abone oko. Ngelo xesha, i-carbine yahlawuliswa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokufanelekileyo njengenguqulo ye-infantry, eyenza inzuzo ebalulekileyo ekulwa. Ukongeza, isixhobo sasinokuhlawula okuncinci kunye nesisindo esincinane, ngoko kuya kuqhutywa phezu kwegxala ngaphandle kwemali enamandla. Lo mqhubi ulungele ukuhlawulela kwihashe, kwaye amandla e fuse ephezulu.

Efanelekileyo kubagibeli bamahhashi

I-Manlikher ibhomu ye-1895 yayithandwa kakhulu ngabamahashe. Ngokomgaqo, oku akunakubizwa ngokuthi into emangalisa. Isizathu sokuthandwa okunjalo kukuba sineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nomlinganiselo womlilo kunye namandla amakhulu. Ekulweni, ezi ziimpawu ezingekho phantsi. Kunokuthiwa i-Mausers kunye ne "trilinear" yayingaphantsi kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi kule sixhobo. Ngokuphathelele iimpazamo, njengoko zikhankanywe ngasentla, zibandakanya ukuvakala ukwanda kwothuli kunye nokungcola, kunye nomsebenzi omkhulu osebenzayo xa usebenza ne-shutter. Nangona kunjalo, ngekhono elifanelekileyo okokuqala isistim sokuqala nesibini kwasuswa ngokukhawuleza. Ama-Scouts, amaxhala amaqela angama-infantry kunye ne-Cossacks esoloko esetyenziselwa i-Manlicher, kuba yayinamandla kwaye ikhawuleza. Kwizandla ezinezakhono, isibhamu esinjalo saba yisixhobo esibulalayo.

I-Manicher yaseAustria: isibhamu se-sniper

Njengoko unokucinga, apha siza kuthetha ngeengalo ezincinci kungekhona kuma-1900. Lo mfufele omkhulu wecalber sniper wenziwa e-Austria nge-Steyr yezixhobo zamandla. Isixhobo saqulunqwa ngo-2004. Injongo ephambili yesixhobo kukutshabalalisa iintshaba zeentshaba, kunye nokugcina umlilo kwizithuthi kunye neenqwelo zokulwa. Ukudubula, "i-cartridge" ye-Browning "isetyenziswe, kunye nokuguqulwa .460 Steyr.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba esi sixhobo asinakuthengisa izinto, njengamabhoksi amaninzi anamhlanje, kodwa enye-iphetshulwa ngesilayidi esikhohlelayo. I-Planck Picatinni ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise i-optics efanelekileyo kwindawo ethile. Ngaphambi kombhede ngamabhawudesi, zilungiswe ukuphakama. Ukunciphisa impembelelo emva kweso sitokisi yinkxalabo yokutshatyalaliswa kwe-rubber. Ungatsho ukuba lo ngumntu osebenza kakuhle. Isibhamu saloo hlobo sivumela ukujoliswa komlilo ekude ukuya kwi-1.5 km.

Yintoni iMancer-Carcano?

Ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka ukufumana ixesha elinjalo njengeManlicher-Carcano. Abantu abaninzi baqala ukucinga ukuba ngulo lunye ukuguqulwa kweengalo ezincinane ze-M95, kodwa oku kungalunganga. Apha sithetha nge-cartridge engasetyenziswayo, eyayisetyenziswe yimpi yase-Italy ngexesha lemfazwe ye-1 neye-2 yehlabathi.

Kuye kwabonakala iphumelele kumgama wama-200-300 wamitha. Ngokwamandla, kwakungekho kwiikharriji eziphakathi. I-Manlikher-Carcano nayo yayisetyenziswa yi-Finns kwimfazwe ngokumelene ne-USSR. Emva koko, amabutho aseFinland ayexhobile ngeengalo ezincinane "iCarcano", eyayingenanto enxulumene noManlicher. UMongameli uKennedy wadutshulwa ngoncedo loManlicher-Carcano. Isibhamu phantsi kwesi sixhobo asizange senziwe, kodwa imizekelo emininzi yatshintshwa. Kwiimyuziyamu zanamhlanje, umntu unokufumana iibhola ezindala kunye nenxalenye yokuzikhethela. Baye bathatyathwa ngophawu oluthatywayo, oluye lwacingwa njengolusebenzayo kunye nokubhoboza.

Imifuno yokuzingela iMancer

Inkampani "Steyr" ikhona nanamhla. Amava amaninzi avunyelwe ukuvelisa izixhobo zeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Apha unokufumana izibhamu ezinobungozi, izibhamu ze-sniper, imoto kunye nezibhamu zokuzingela. Sinomdla kwinqanaba lokugqibela esiza kuthetha ngalo. Into yokuqala ndingathanda ukuyibona yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-classic, equka iSBS 96 Classic. Esi sixhobo sixhotywe nge-rotary slider, esivumela ukuba ivuselele ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba njengokhuseleko lokungcola kunye nothuli, i-chute ebilwe kwisango iyasetyenziswa. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kubonisa ukubonisa, kwimiqathango yendalo ayifaki. Isitoreji sivaliwe kwi-rounds 4. I-bullet yesihlanu ingathunyelwa ngqo kumbhobho. Oku kwanele ukuzingela.

Isibhamu sokudubula i-Manlicher

Iingcali zaseRashiya zadutyulwa. Uvavanyo aluqhutyelwa kuphela kwibala lokudubula, kodwa ngokukodwa ngqo ekuzingeleni. Kwixesha lekwindla-ebusika, isibhamu SBS 96 Classic sasizibonakalise kwicala elihle. Amandla aphakamileyo kunye nokuchaneka kwe-carbine. Kulokuzingela, ibhokhwe yasendle (ukusuka kumgama weemitha ezili-90) kwaye i-elk yashicilelwa. 13-gram iibhola "Con Point" zisetyenzisiwe.

Ngokuphathelele iimpazamo, yinto enye kwaye ayibalulekanga. Kukho umgca we-rubber backplate, ophelisa ukubuyiswa ngokungasebenzi ngokwaneleyo. Abazingeli bezobuchwephesha kunye neengcali zithetha ngamabhofu "omnivorous". Iziphumo kunye neekridiji ezisetyenzisiweyo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zazingqina ngaphezu kokulungileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, sinokuthi uManlicher ngumfuyo wokuzingela, olungele ukuzingela eRashiya. I-carbine ilula, ihlale ikhululekile kwaye ikhululekile, nangona kunjalo, ngengxelo evelele kakhulu. Kodwa le mpazamo uya kuyeka ukuphawula emva kweempawu ezimbalwa.

Isibhamu sase-Austrian Mannlicher: intengo yezixhobo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, akunakwenzeka ukufumana iisampula ze-1895 okanye ngo-1886 ukuthengiswa. Le yintsholongwane yendalo, enoba ungayithenga, ngoko-mali eninzi kakhulu. Kodwa inkampani "uSteyr" ivelisa ngokuphumelelayo izixhobo zayo namhlanje. Imijelo isetyenziswe kwihlabathi lonke ngabazingeli, iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo kunye nemikhosi exhobileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kumntu oqhelekileyo oku kukuzonwabisa okukhulu.

Ngoko, i-SM12 300VM i-carbine iya kuhlawula i-ruble yama-200-220 amawaka. Ngenzuzo, uya kufumana umkhiqizo ophezulu kakhulu umagazini we-3 cartridges. Ibhedi yenziwa kwi-nut yeklasi ye-4 (amandla aphakamileyo), ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenziseni okusebenzayo, kwaye ine-backplate ye-rubber. Ukhetho olungakumbi lwebhajethi - iSBS 96 ProHunter. I-carbine enjalo iya kubiza i-ruble eyi-170 000. Ukunciphisa i-recoil, i-backplate yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi isetyenzisiweyo. Kwakhona kukho umamkeli, ovumela ukufaka i-optics kwisibhamu. Ngokubanzi, kubalulekile ukubala kwiindleko ezivela kuma-ruble ayi-150 ukuya kuma-250. Ndikholelwe, le yindleko enokwakheka kuManlicher. Isibhamu, ixabiso elingaba liphezulu, liphezulu kakhulu kwaye libonakala lihle .

Sebenzisa kwiMpuma

Njengoko sele kuphawulwe phezulu, uManlicher wasetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwihlabathi. I- Army yaseRussia yaseYurophu yayingekho . Emva kokudluliselwa kwi-Fort Port Arthur, amabutho aseRussia, njengamaqhawe aseMkhosini we-Qing, athola inani elikhulu leMaferensi ye-1886. Basebenzisa i-cartridge nge powder smoky, kwaye i-bolt yayilungile, njengakwezinye izibhamu zale minyaka.

Ngomnyaka we-1904 iprojekthi yeso sibizwa ngokuba ngumpu wamashishini. Isiseko saso senziwa kwimeko yokuba kwinqanaba lomthi lalingqaliwe malunga ne-5-8 izibhamu ze-Manlicher, ezazisetyenziselwa umlilo we-volley kwiintshaba. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ngu "Shmetilo" ngokuhlonipha umdali.

Bayonet kwisibhamu

Kwimiqulu eqhelekileyo, i-bayonet enelayiti yomlenze yayisetyenziswa. Inzuzo yaso eyona nto yayisisisindo esincinci - 280 grams. Ngexesha elifanayo, ubude balo babu malunga nama-260 mm, kwaye amandla angenayo aphezulu kakhulu. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuphazamisa intshaba ngokukhawuleza. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-bayonet kwisibhamu sikaManche yayigqokwe ngokwahlukileyo kwaye yafakwa kuphela kwimeko yokufuna ukulwa okufutshane.

I-bayonet ekhanyayo kakhulu, ukuthembeka kwesibhamu, amandla akhe aphezulu okubulala kunye nomyinge womlilo-zonke ezi nzuzo zikhokelela ekubeni kwakulula kakhulu ukwenza iMauser ngexesha lokulwa. Ngenxa yesi sizathu esilula, ngo-1916, ezi zibhamu zaqala ukunikezelwa kwimbutho yase-Austria-Hungary. Ngokona nxalenye, oko kwakungenxa yokuba iJamani yayineemithombo eziyimfuneko ekuveleni kwezi zixhobo kwaye ingayihambisa ngokubanzi kwimikhosi ye-Allied. "I-Manlicherovtsy" yayithandwa kakhulu ixesha elide, ngaphezu koko, izibhamu ezinjalo zazithandwa ngamagosa kwaye zisebenzise ngempumelelo ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini.