Indawo yokugcina imisebe ye-Polessky: umhla wesiseko, injongo yemfundo, indawo, urhulumente wokukhusela, isithombe, inkcazo. Uphi i-Polessky State Radiation Ecological Reserve?

Kule nqaku sifuna ukuthetha nge-Polessky yolondolozo lwendalo. Ingozi eChernobyl isityalo samandla enyukliya ngexesha layo yaba nempembelelo enkulu ebantwini nakumazwe angqongileyo. Ngenxa yoko, le ndawo ekhuselekile yenziwa eBelarus.

Imbali yoLondolozo

Umbane wePolessky kunye nokugcinwa kwemvelo kwenzelwe kwintsimi echaphazelekayo yengozi. Ezi ziinkalo zeKhoiniki, iNarovlyansky kunye neBraginsky zendawo yaseGomel. Lawa ngamazwe ayingxenye yeekhilomitha ezingamashumi amathathu-khilomitha yokutshatyalaliswa kwesixhobo samandla enyukliya saseChernobyl. IBhunga labaPhathiswa be-BSSR ngoJulayi 1988 lanikeze umyalelo wokudala ummandla okhuselekile kwintsimi engaphezu kwekhulu elinamashumi amane anamabini amahektare endaweni. Umsebenzi we-Polessky-radiation-ecological reserve (umhla wesiseko-Septemba 1988) waqala ngokukhawuleza.

Kwaye unyaka kamva waqanjwa kwakhona waza wafumana igama layo langoku. Ngo-1992, ngomyalelo weBhunga labaPhathiswa, umhlaba wongezwa kuwo, wongezelela ngaphaya kwendawo engama-30-kilometer ekwiindawo eziqhelekileyo, njengoko ezi ndawo zazingcoliswa yimitha. Ngoko umhlaba wanda ngobukhulu ukuya kumawaka amabini anesihlanu amawaka eehekthare. Kwaye ngoku imisebe yePolessky kunye nokugcinwa kwemvelo, indawo engamahektare angama-216,093, isebenza kwaye ifeze imisebenzi eyabelwe yona. Ziziphi - siza kuxubusha ngaphezulu. Ngoko, sikumema ukuba uhambe ngokuthe tye.

Polessky Radiation-Ecological Reserve: injongo yemfundo

Masiqale ngemvelaphi. Kwadalwa, okokuqala, ukwenzela ukuthintela ukusasazeka kweeronuclides eziyingozi ngaphaya kwemida yendawo yokukhutshwa, ukuqhuba izifundo ze-radiobiological, ukufunda i-flora kunye nemfuyo phantsi kwefuthe lomlilo, ukujonga imeko yendalo kunye ne-radiation yendawo yokungcola. Ugcinwe ngoku kwisebe leSebe ukulwa nemiphumo yeChernobyl NPP.

Ngokubanzi, abasebenzi bajongana nemisebenzi embalwa, phakathi kwabo:

1. Ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwemitha kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo.

2. Ukukhusela amahlathi kunye nemimandla yangaphambili yezolimo emlilweni.

3. Khusela indawo ekhuselweyo.

4. Qinisekisa ukuba ubukho bendalo bezilwanyana zasendle.

5. Ukulandelela izinga le-radioactivity.

6. Ukuqhuba uphando lwezenzululwazi kwiinkalo ezininzi zokuxinzelela.

7. Yenza umsebenzi wokutyala amahlathi kulawo mazwe anqwenela ukukhukhula kwamanzi kunye nomoya.

8. Ukuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe bokubuyiselwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamazwe angcoliswe yimisebe.

Yintoni ekhoyo kwintsimi yokugcina?

Ngokuqinisekileyo, imimandla apho abantu bahlala khona bathatha utshintsho oluphawulekayo. Kwakukho ukuhlaziywa kweendawo zangaphambili zasemaphandleni, iindlela zokuhlaziya, iindlela. Umhlaba uphonswa kwakhona. Oku kubangelwa ukugcinwa kweepatlands kwifom ekhukhulayo.

Kuphi indawo yokugcina imisebe ye-Polessky ikhona, iimeko ezifanelekileyo ziye zadalwa ukubuyisela umhlaba wezilwanyana kunye nezityalo, kuba akukho nto ithintelo lomntu. Iqule iintlobo ezingaphezu kwezine zezilwanyana ezincelisayo, iintlobo ezingamashumi asixhenxe zeentaka, iintlobo ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu zeentlanzi. Uninzi lwabemi bemihlaba yezilwanyana zezo ndawo ziba ziimpawu ezinqabileyo okanye iintlobo ezinobungozi. Kwaye kwiimeko zommandla okhuselekile, kukho ukubuyiswa kwamanani abo.

Ngoku kwi-radiation yePolessky kunye nokulondolozwa kwezinto eziphilayo, ukulungiswa komlilo kwintsimi igqityiweyo, equka izixhobo ze-glades, iindawo zokugcina amanzi, iindlela, iindonga zokujonga.

Kwimihlaba yolondolozo kukho amaninzi angamashumi ayisithoba anesibini kwiindawo zokuhlala ezingahlali ndawo, apho kwakuhlala khona abantu abangaphezu kwamashumi amabini anamabini anamawaka amabini.

Uphi uvimba?

Indawo yokugcina imisebe ye-Polessky ihlala kwintshona-mpuma yeBelarus. Ukususela entshonalanga ukuya empuma, ubude balo malunga neekhilomitha ezingamashumi asixhenxe, ukusuka kumzantsi ukuya ngasentla-amashumi mane anesibhozo. Wonke amazwe ayingingqi yommandla weGomel. Inxalenye esezantsi ye-reserve adjoins umda welizwe wase- Ukraine.

Iziko (inxalenye yolawulo) liseKhoiniki. Idilesi ngqo: Indawo yaseGomel, 247618, idolophu yaseHoiniki, iTereshkova yesitalato, indlu 7.

Ukungcola kwintsimi yendawo yokugcina

I-Polessky State Radiation Ecological Reserve ibonakaliswe ngumgangatho ophezulu weemitha. Phantse iipesenti ezingamashumi amathathu ze-cesium 137 zigxilwe eBelarus, ingakhankanyi i-strontium kunye ne-transuranium.

Nangona kukho iminyaka emininzi edlulileyo kwintlekele yeChernobyl, indawo yokugcina indawo ayikwazi kwakhona ukungena kwezoqoqosho kwilizwe. Inyaniso kukuba i-transuranium radionuclides iyaqhubeka, ukungcoliseka kogunyaziswa yiyo kwiminyaka eyi-millennium. Ngako-ke, ngelishwa, la mazwe ahlala elahleka ngonaphakade. Kwaye enye yeenjongo eziphambili zombutho wezinto ezicatshangelwayo kukukhusela abantu kwimimandla engcolileyo yomhlaba.

Ipoliseki ye-Polessky-ecological environment: ulawulo lolawulo, isakhiwo seziko

Ugcino luqukethe iziqephu ezihlukeneyo zesakhiwo. Yaye intsimi iyahlula ibe ngamacandelo amathathu kunye nezithili eziyishumi nesithandathu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, imisebe yePolessky kunye nokugcinwa kwemvelo yindawo efanelekileyo. Iqesha abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu asixhenxe. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, amasebe ehlathi kunye nokukhuselwa ngowona owona mkhulu. Icandelo lehlathi libandakanya amahlathi, ukwakhiwa, ukubuyisela imisebenzi. Ukwahlawulwa kwakhona ngemisebenzi yokukhusela imimandla, ukulawula ukunyanzeliswa okungagunyaziswanga, kunye nokulwa nokusondeza, ukulawula inani lezilwanyana ezinobungozi.

Ngenxa yale njongo yenziwa i-Polessky State Radiation Ecological Reserve Reserve. Indlela yokukhusela kuye yinto ephambili. Yingakho lo mbandela unikwa ingqalelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphunyezwa kwezinye iinjongo akuphethi nto.

Isakhiwo senzululwazi sendawo

Enye yeeyunithi ezigcinwe kuyo, ngoko kuthetha, inxalenye yesayensi. Kwaqala ukudala ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-90. Itholakala kwidolophana yaseBabich kwaye iqukethe amasebe amathathu wesayensi, i-laboratory ye-spectrometry kunye ne-radiological chemistry. Abasebenzi benza umsebenzi wokuphanda i-dynamics yeemeko zendalo zengingqi kwi-kilometer ezingama-30 zokukhutshwa. Izifundo ziyaqhubeka iinkqubo zokuqokelela izinto ezivuthayo ngama-radioactive kunye nezilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana zasendle, isimo semvelo sihlolwe kwiimeko zokungcola, kunye nokubeka iliso ngokusemthethweni kweemitha.

Ngo-2005, kwakhiwa izakhiwo eziliqela kwidolophana yaseBabich. Omnye wabo wayephethwe yibhubhoratri, elinezixhobo zanamhlanje. Kamva, isakhiwo esicocekileyo kunye nesakhiwo sasekhaya saqala ukusebenza, esilungiselela imeko yokuphila yabasebenzi ngokwabo. Bonke basebenza kwindawo ekugcinwe ngayo ngendlela yokulinda. Kwaye kwavela ukuba isixeko senzululwazi sakhiwe kunye nesantya sawo, ibhubhoratri kunye nekamelo lokubilisa.

Amazwe asePolessky Reserve

Indawo yokugcina imisebe yePolessky (isithombe esichazwe kwinqaku) lihlala kwimimandla emikhulu. Ngokukodwa, ezi ziindawo eziphantsi kweendawo eziphantsi komhlaba. Izimo zemozulu ziqhelekileyo kwi-temperate-continental type. Iqondo lokushisa lomoya (umyinge wonyaka) yi-7.9 degrees Celsius.

Ukusuka kwindawo esenyakatho-ntshona-ntshona yolondolozo kwintshona-mpuma ummandla uwela ngaphaya komlambo uPpypyat. Isitya sawo sihamba kakhulu kwaye sinamagatsha amaninzi (ubude - ngaphezu kwe-120 km). Umlambo unomlambo omkhulu, kwezinye iindawo zifikelela kwiikhilomitha ezili-9, kunye nabantu abaninzi abantu abadala, kunye namachibi okukhukula (ngaphezu kwama-300).

Ngokubhekiselele kummandla wokukhutshwa, uwelelwa yimilambo emincinci embalwa: Zhelon, Rozhava, Nesvich, Viti, Braginka, kwakunye neendlela uGrchchansky, uPogonyansky, uKozhushkovsky. Kukho nemimandla emikhulu yamatampu, njengeGrchchansky neRadinsko-Nezhikhovsky.

Ukuhlaziywa komhlaba

I-Polessky i-ecosystem-ecological reserve ibonakaliswe ngokuphindaphinda komhlaba (malunga ne-35%). Xa abantu behlala apha, i-system egxiliweyo yokulungiswa kwempahla yenziwa. Kamva, kwakungasadingeki, bonke abantu basuswe, ngokulandelanayo, kwaye iziteshi zavalwa kwaye zingagcinwa ngokusebenza. Ukongezelela, kwakudingeka ukuyeka ukukhupha amanzi kwiindawo ezingcolileyo. Konke oku kwakhokelela ekubeni inkqubo yokuqhayisa iqala.

Urhulumente wama-hydrological uzimisele ngamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kunye namanzi angaphezulu kunye nezikhukhula. Oku kuncedisa ekungeneni kwama-radionuclides zibe ngamanzi omhlaba.

Ihlathi kunye nokugcina izityalo

I-Polessky State Radiation Ecological Reserve igcinwe kummandla wehlathi elibanzi kunye nehlathi. Ukutyala kwemithi ikhuphe ngaphezu kwama-50 ekhulwini lomhlaba. Lezi zihlathi zepine, kunye ne-birch groves, kunye namahlathi amnyama alder, amahlathi e-oki. Imifuno yamazwe ahlanganiswe ngamahlathi ahluke kakhulu, kukho ezininzi iifern.

Ngokutsho kwabasebenzi beziko, i-flora iquka iintlobo ezingama-1251 zezityalo, kwaye ezi zimbini kwisithathu kuzo zonke iintlobo zeentlobo zeentlobo zaseBelarus. Amashumi amabini anesithoba kubo awona maqhekeza angabonakali aqoshiwe kwiBlack Book. Phakathi kwabo: i-aster i-aster, i-nadia enkulu, i-shady sedge, i-shtemonosnye iceman, incoko yamanzi, intloko ye-pollen ephakame ixesha elide, i-clove armeriiform, i-clove armeriiform, i-clock armeriform.

Kukho izityalo ezinjalo ezafunyanwa kuqala kwintsimi yaseBelarus kuphela kumazwe avikelweyo. Le nyikima, intsha yaseRashiya, i-stepovaya tavolga. Ukwahlukana kwezilwanyana kunye nehlabathi zezityalo ngenxa yokuba amazwe asekuhlaleni anamanzi amaninzi.

World World of Areas Protected Areas

Inqolobane inezintlanu ezingamashumi amahlanu ezine ezinezilwanyana ezincelisayo kunye neentlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu elinamanci mabini zeentaka ezidalwa. Iintlobo ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu zeentlanzi zihlala emzimbeni wamanzi.

Phakathi kwabo bonke abameli bezilwanyana ezingamashumi amane anesithathu kubhalwe kwiBlack Book. Zikhuselwe yiNgqungquthela yezizwe ngezizwe. Ndingathanda ukuqwalasela ukuba iilwanyana ezinqabileyo zihlala ngeebhere ezimnyama, i-lynx, i-badger kunye ne-bison. Ibhere lokuqala lalibhalwe kwintsimi yendawo yokuhlala ngo-1992, kwaye kamva yabonisa ukuba kukho abantu abahlanu. Ngokubanzi, iibhere ezingaphezu kwezibhozo zihlala kumazwe aseBelarus.

Ihlabathi leentaka alikho isisityebi esincinane. Phakathi kweentlobo ezinqabileyo kunye ezikhuselekile, kuyafaneleka ukugxininisa ubukho be-stork be-black kunye nekhozi legolide, umkhozi omhlophe-tailed (malunga neebini ezili-15).

Oososayensi baseBelarusian basebenza ngokusisigxina kwi-resettlement kunye nokuphindaphinda kweentlobo ezinqabileyo zezilwanyana kunye neentaka. Ngoko, umzekelo, inani leebheji ukususela ngo-1996 ukuya ku-2007 linyuka ukusuka kwishumi elinesibhozo ukuya kuma-50.

Ezi mpu melelo zi no ku kholisa kuphela. Kwaye kwadalwa imyuziyam yezilwanyana kwindawo yokugcina. Ekuboniseni kwayo, iindwendwe zivezwa ngeentaka ezifakwe kwiindawo ezihlala kule ntsimi, iqoqo lezinambuzane kunye nezinye iimbonakalo ezinomdla.

Umsebenzi wezemfundo kwindawo yokugcina

Ndingathanda ukuphawula ukuba ukugcinwa, ngaphandle komsebenzi walo wesayensi, usebenza kwimisebenzi yemfundo. Kuya kubafundi abaninzi. Kwiimeko zangempela zentsimi, bangaziqonda iintlobo zezilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana, bafunde ngokuzikhethela ukukhetha iisampulu zendalo ejikelezayo, ukuqhuba iimvavanyo kunye nokuhlalutya izinga lokungcola komhlaba kunye ne-radionuclides, njl njl. Ukuzivocavoca okunjalo kunika ulwazi oluninzi kunaloo mfundiso efundiswe eklasini ngaphandle kokubunjwa kwezakhono .

Esikhundleni sokulandelelana

I-Polessky State Radiation Ecological Reserve (echazwe ngasentla) yinkampani emangalisayo yaseBelarus. Qiniseka, ukuba unethuba, tyelela le ndawo. Ewe, le ntsimi ivaliwe, kodwa kukho indawo ekhuselekileyo apho abavakhenkethi bavunyelwe khona. Ekubeni naliphi na umsebenzi apha uvinjelwe, iindwendwe zinethuba elikhethekileyo lokucinga ngendalo ngendlela engacacanga, engayifumanwanga ngesandla. Yaye le nto-yicinga nje! - ephakathi kweYurophu.