Indawo kunye nabemi basePushkin. ESt. Petersburg, ePushkin

Kuze kube ngo-1918, iPushkin ibizwa ngokuba yiTsarskoe Selo, ize ifike ngowe-1937-iNdawo yabantwana. Iyindawo ephakamileyo yenzululwazi, yezokhenketho, yobomi bemikhosi kunye nezoshishino. Kuphantsi kokukhuselwa kwe-UNESCO.

Imbali yesiseko

Ukususela ngo-1609 ukuya ku-1702 kwakukho i-tycoon yaseSweden. Indawo yakhe encinci yayibizwa ngokuthi yiSarskoy Manor. Kwakuquka indlu yezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo ngeenjongo zoqoqosho, umyezo ococekileyo kunye neendlela ezimbini ezisezantsi ezihlula intsimi kwiindawo ezi-4.

Ukukhankanywa kokuqala kweli dolophu kuqulethwe kuxwebhu olususela ngo-1501. Emva koko uPetros ndixoshe abantu baseSweden kwaye ndawuthatha eli lizwe, ndinikela ku-A. Menshikov. 13.06.1710 le nto ibonakala phantsi kwegama likaTsarskoe Selo. Waboniswa kuMnu Skavronska, kamva waya kumfazi kaKumkani uCatherine Alekseevna. Lo mzuzu uthathwa njengomhla wesiseko sePushkin. Ngelo xesha wayedlala indima yelizwe lokuhlala.

Ukuphuculwa komsebenzi

Kwiminyaka eyi-1718-1724. Ukwakhiwa kwebhotwe kunye nezakhiwo ezizungezile zoluhlobo oluncedayo. Bayijikelezwe yintsimi egadiweyo. Phakathi ko-1719 kunye ne-1722 iminyaka. Yakha amachibi a-2 kwi-terrace evela ngasezantsi.

Kuba abakhonzi bebhotwe bakha indawo yokuhlala kufuphi. Ngo-1716, iCawa yaseAsumption yabonakala. Isitalato sokuqala, eyavela ngo-1720, nguSadovaya (owayebizwa ngokuba yi-Antechamber). Ngomnyaka we-1721, i-Kuzminsky Sloboda yasungulwa. Kwakuhlala kuyo abantu abahlali bephondo laseSuzdal.

Isakhiwo esidala esenziwe ngamatye, ibandla laseZnamenskaya, lakhiwa ngo-1734. Isixeko savela apha ngo-1808. Indawo yokugcina iimyuziyam zendawo yenziwe isiganeko sokucwangcisa idolophini. Inxalenye yekhulu le-18 leminyaka lama-20, kuquka ipaki kunye negodlo lase-Ekaterininsky, kunye nezakhiwo eziseduze azifanelekanga.

Indawo, ubugcisa kunye nesimo sezulu

Ummandla wesixeko sasePushkin ungama-square square angama-201. Km. Itholakala kwintsimi yasePrinevskaya, ekhohlo kumlambo. I-Neva. Kukho iintlobo zeentlobo zemvelo: izilwanyana, iinqonga, imilambo, iinqaba kunye neenduli. Iifama zehlathi zixutyaniswa nomhlaba wezolimo.

Isixeko sasePushkin (eSt. Petersburg) yindawo yamithombo, ukubonelela ukutya kumachibi kunye nemilambo. Kwiminyaka eyi-350 yezigidi edlulileyo (i-Paleozoic) apha kwakukho ulwandle. Kuze kube ngoku, udongwe, isanti, i-limestone, i-sandstones zigcinwe. Uluhlu lwawo lufikelela kwimitha engama-200 kwaye luquka i-crystalline diabase, gneiss, isiseko segranite. Ukwakhiwa kwenkululeko yangoku kwavuselelwa ngumqulu weqhwa (i-Valdai glaciation, eyenzeka iminyaka eyi-12 000 ngaphambili).

Xa kuqubuka, kwenzeka uLwandle lwaseLittorin, obunzulu obungama-8 m ngaphezu kwelo xesha. Kwiminyaka engama-4000 edlulileyo kwakukho umlambo ophantsi, kwaye kwakukho umlambo. I-Neva ingumphumo weengxelo ze-post-glacial deposits. Kuyo yonke i-2,5 iminyaka eyiwaka, ukuya kwiintsuku zethu, utshintsho ekuphumuleni aluzange luphawule.

Isimo sezulu sendawo sichazwa ngokumodareyitha, kumanzi. Kuyishintsho phakathi kwelizwekazi kunye nolwandle. Ihlobo alinakuhlala ixesha elide, akunqabile ukushisa. Xa ubusika bude, buphazanyiswa yi-thaws.

Ixesha lotshintsho lwentwasahlobo nelokwindla lide, ukwenzela ukuba abantu abaphakathi basebenziseke kakhulu kwiindawo. Ubushushu buphezulu ngaphezu kwexesha ukusuka ngo-Ephreli ukuya kuNovemba. Kubanda kakhulu ngoFebruwari. Imvula yonyaka i-590 millimeters.

Imifudlana yasemazulwini, njengomthetho, ihlambulukile kwaye ihlambulukile, yiya apha ukusuka ngasemzantsi, ngenxa yokuba imozulu ilungile. Ubuninzi bomoya bunokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwenye. Amaqhwithi ahlala rhoqo. Ilanga lincinci ngoNovemba noJanuwari. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imozulu apha ikhululekile ubomi.

Ulwahlulo lwamazwe

Ephakathi kwePushkin unako ukufikelela kuyo, ukuba uhamba waya kumntla-mpuma kwendawo yepaki. Ngokubanzi, lwakhiwa izakhiwo kwi-3-4 phantsi kwelitye. Uninzi lwalo lwakhiwe kwixesha eliphambi kokuguquka.

Indawo ephambili yengingqi nguSofia. Okukuyo kukho. Park kunye neSapper, umgwaqo omkhulu iPavlovskoye kunye neKrasnoselskoe. E-Krasnosylke ngaphambili kwakukho i-Arakcheevka, i-Babolov ne-Sobolev-indawo ezizimeleyo zesixeko. I-Pushkin yindawo, uhlolisise oko, uya kukhubeka kwi-colony yeFriedenthal, eyayingamaJamani. Inani elikhulu lezakhiwo eziphakamileyo eziphakamileyo kwintsimi ye-BAM. Kwakukho icandelo labucala apha. Kwakulungele ukuqwalaselwa yiNew Village kunye neBelozeryka, iNovoselki, ikhulile ukusuka kumaphandleni. Esinye isithili sembali nguKondakopshino. Ukongezelela, kukho indawo ebizwa ngePavlovsk-2, i-Lesnoe (ibhekisela kwi-GPP), i-Novokondakopshino.

Abaninzi banokuthi banomdla kumbuzo weso salathiso esingayisebenzisa? IG. Pushkin ihlukaniswe kwiindawo ezimbini zeposi, ngoko amasebe avuma iileta kwiimfuno ezifunekayo: 196601 okanye 196609.

Izizwe zeSizwe

Isikhokelo senkulungwane ye-19 sibonisa ukuba abantu basePushkin (eSt. Petersburg) babengu-15 abantu abantu. Wayengafani nezinye izixeko ngokwemiqathango yesizwe.

Ubuthakathaka obuncinane, abantu abemi, abafundisi kunye nabarhwebi benza abantu abayi-7 000. Isiqingatha esisele sasiquka imikhosi, amaqabane, iikholoni. Kwakungeyona nje ikona elithulileyo lobomi, kodwa ingongoma ebalulekileyo yezopolitiko.

Uluntu lwasekuhlaleni lube nombala okhethekileyo. Abaninzi basePetersburg bafika apha ngeenyanga ezintathu baza bashiya isixeko. Ngowe-1939, kwiNgingqi yaseLeningrad, njengase-Soviet Union yonke, kubalwa ubalo lwabantu, ngokwemivuzo apho ama-17,711 amaYuda ayehlala apha. Xa amaJamani ayehlala kuloo mzi, aphantse atshabalalise.

Amandla okutshintshwa koluntu

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 i-manars yaseSarskaya yayiquka iidolophana ezingama-43, ii-6 zase-asetelands, iindawo zasemaphandleni kunye neendawo zeBobilsky. Emva kwexesha, inani labantu lakhula. Ngexesha lokulawula kukaPetros I, iintsapho ezingama-200 zazihlala apha.

Idolophana yayiquka umzekeliso wecawa, ijoni lomlindi kunye nabakhonzi benkundla. Kwakukho iidolophana ezitsha, apho kwakukho iindidi ezingama-71, ezibandakanya abahlali kunye no-69 kubemi basekuhlaleni.

Ngomnyaka we-1732, kwaqhutywa ubalo, ngokwemiphumo apho kwakukho amadoda angama-48. Kwiidolophana ezikufutshane kwakubala imizi eyi-105 yaseLatvia, apho abameli bezesondo eziqinileyo kunye nabanelungileyo babengama-336/343 ngokulandelana. Ngomnyaka we-1796, ummandla weNdlu yeSizwe wawuquka izakhiwo ezingama-779 apho abantu abayi-2,8 bahlala khona. U-Sofia waba ikhaya labantu abayi-1.6 abantu. (Izindlu ezili-146).

Ngo-1845, uColonel Zhukovsky wenza ingxelo apho kuye kwaxelwa ukuba kunye negumbi labantu babengabantu abayi-121.94 lamawaka. Phakathi kwala madoda, amadoda angama-9,066,000 ayengamadoda, ama-3,128,000 abafazi. Amakhulu eentsapho eza apha eholide kunye neyadi. Ukuya eTarsarse Selo bekubasebenzi (1-1.5 abantu abawaka).

XX - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XXI

Ngowe-1909 kwakukho abantu abayi-31,201 abayizigidi. Kule mihla, ii-2.8 zamawaka ezihloniphekileyo, ezingama-309 - abefundisi, abemi abangama-691 abanomxholo ohloniphekileyo, abathengisi abangama-241, amawaka angama-2,505 ngamawaka angama-13,653 lamawaka-ukuya kumafama, ama-52 ukuya kuma-colonists, ama-8,169 amawaka-ukuya kuma-servicemen , Ama-1,369 amawaka ayethathe umhlalaphantsi. Abafokazi abaneentsapho - 237 abantu. Amaqela asele asele - abantu abangama-209.

Inani labantu liye landa, kwaye sele sele lineminyaka eyi-108.3 abantu. Ngokuthe ngqo kwisixeko sasePushkin bahlala abantu abangama-93.8.

Imimandla yezithili zasePavlovsk nasePushkin babumbene kwiyunithi yokulawula eyodwa. Ngo-2001, inani labantu abahlambulukileyo liba ngabemi abayi-124,300.

Ngo-2002, kwakhona kwavelisa ukubalwa, okwakubonisa inani eliyi-116,811 lamawaka (kwiphondo lasePushkin kwakukho abantu abayi-100,097 amawaka). Phakathi kwezi, ama-56% ayeneminyaka yobudala. Le yimizuzu yeenguqu zokuqala ezithintekayo kwizinga lokuzalwa (likhule ngo-5%).

Kwixesha elizayo, kwakukho i-dynamic population: 2003 - 84.6 abantu abayiiwaka, ngo-2006 - 110.9 abantu abayiiwaka.

Ngokusondeleyo kwiintsuku zethu

Inani labantu abahlala apha litshintshile ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lokwakha.

Ngokutsho kwedatha ka-2008, kubakho abantu abayi-1,278 lamawaka, okwegqithisa iziphumo zango-2007. Nangona kunjalo, ukwenzela ukuba inani labantu basePushkin lizaliswe ngokufanelekileyo, isibonakaliso sifanele siphindwe kabini. 285. Ozelwe ngaphandle kwemibutho yomtshato. Kwi-60% yamatyala, bobabini abazali bafaka isicelo sokubhalisa.

Ngo-2009, ngo-1471 isibini esitshatileyo somtshato sagqitywa, kwaye i-742 yapheliswa.

Kukho amabhinqa angaphezu kwamadoda. Kwesisindo esipheleleyo se-54%, esiyi-4,5 abantu abantu. Kugqithise inani lamalungu esondo esomeleleyo. Ininzi kula bantu ngabantu abaneminyaka engakwazi ukusebenza. Abameli bobulili obufanelekileyo bahlala ixesha elide.

Inani labantu basePushkin lineminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Ngokusekelwe kwizibonakaliso zentlalo kunye noluntu, sinokuthetha ngokuguga kwayo. Ukuba umkhonto awutshintshi, ngokukhawuleza izakhamuzi ezidala ziza kuba yingxenye yesithathu yobunzima bonke. Ngo-2009, aba-19,316 abavela kwamanye amazwe baba ngabemi . Ukukhangela umsebenzi, abantu abayi-1377 beza apha, abantu abangama-435 bafumana ubumi baseRussia.

Ukususela ngo-2012, kuye kwanda ukwanda kwenani labantu:

• Ngo-2012 abantu basePushkin babengu-95.239 abantu abayiiwaka;
• 2013 - 97.34 abantu abantu;
• 2014 - 100.753 abantu;
• 2015 - 101, abantu abayi-101.

Ngo-2016 inani labantu basePushkin ngabantu abayi-102.729 lamawaka. Kuzo ezinamandla-63%. I-13% isencinane kakhulu ukuba isebenze, i-24% sele idala.

Amanyathelo enkxaso yoluntu

Amagunya ommandla kunye namagunya aseburhulumenteni abhekana nocelomngeni oluninzi, ngenxa yoko iRussia (iPushkin, ngokukodwa) iya kutshintshwa ngokwemfuno yoluntu. Ingqwalasela ebalulekileyo ihlawulwa kwiinkalo zentsapho, ukubonelela ngoncedo lwabazali.

Imindeni ihlawulelwa inkxaso-15 eyahlukeneyo. Uncedo lunikwa ngokugcina abantwana esikolweni. Iibutho ezibandakanyeka ekukhuseleni uluntu, ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi, ukudala amaziko emfundo, amaziko okuphucula impilo nemidlalo eziphuhlisayo. Iziganeko zeMisa ziqhubeka, zigxininisa kwiintlobo zokudala intsapho.

Ezinye iingxaki ezininzi zihlala zingaguquki. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukujongana nabo ngokukhawuleza ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukukhula kwabantu abemi, apho isixeko sasePushkin (iSt. Petersburg) sidinga kakhulu. Iziqinisekiso zentlalo kwiintsapho kunye nabantwana zibalulekile ngenxa yokukhula kwabemi abadala. Kule meko, iibini ezitshatileyo aziyi kuyika ubunzima bezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuqala umntwana.