Ibhokisi? Imigaqo, ukuqeqesha, ukhuphiswano

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, abantu baye bafuna ukuzimisela. Yintoni ongayenzayo, oku kungokwemvelo. Ngethuba elifanayo, amaxesha okunyanzeliswa okungalawulwayo kunye nolwaphulo olungenamkhawulo uye wangena ekugqibeleni. Kwintendelezo yeshumi elinamashumi amabini anesibini, esenza iinguqulelo zayo ekuphuhlisweni koluntu, ukulwa ngoku sele kunomdla ngaphezu kwezinto zokuphila. Kule nkalo, siza kuqwalasela ngokuchanekileyo ukuba yintoni ibhokisi, yintoni imbali yayo, ukuguqulwa kwamaphulo, iimpawu kunye nemithetho.

Umlando

Umdlalo wokuqala webhokisi wabanjwa emqolombeni waseSmeriya wasendulo waza wafika kwisithathu seminyaka eyi-BC. Kukho nomfanekiso wasendulo waseYiputa ongasibonisi kuphela iibhokisi, kodwa kunye nababukeli kwibala. Ngelo xesha, bobabini bachasi balwa ngezandla zabo.

Ngokwababhali-mlando, ukulwa kweengxabano kuchazwe kwiimibhalo zakudala zaseNdiya kunye nemibhalo yesandla.

Kwaziwa ukuba ibhokisi leyo, nakwiGrisi yamandulo. Ngaloo xesha, kwakungekho ncluko kwiinqanaba zinobunzima, kwaye iklinikhi yayinqatshelwe. Njengomthetho, iimfazwe zazingenakulinganiswa, zazingaphelelanga ngexesha kwaye ngokugqithiseleyo zaphela ngokukhonkqoza, ukuzinikela okanye nokufa. Kwaye nangona kwindlela yokuqeqesha abaqhubi basebenzisa iiglavu ezikhethekileyo zebhokisi, ngexesha lokulwa izandla zabo zazifakwe zikhuni zesikhumba ezinzima ezibangele ukulimala kakhulu kumntu.

Midlalo yeOlimpiki

Ixesha lokuqala lebhokisi laba ngumncintiswano wama-Olimpiki ngo-668 BC. E. Ngama-23 emincintiswano yamandulo. AmaGrike asendulo ayebamba ukulwa kwabo ebhokheni kwinqanaba elikratshi, elifafazwe ngesanti. Ngoxa iifom yebhokisi yayingekho, wonke umntu wenza njengoko ebona kufanelekile. Kwakukho ijaji elalibizwa ngokuba yi-gelladonik. Ukuba ngexesha lexesha elibiweyo, akukho namnye amaqhawe aphumelele ngongqongqo ococekileyo, ngoko ukutshintshiswa kwemivumba ngaphandle kokukhusela kwakuqhutyelwa.

Inguqulelo yanamhlanje yokulwa omnye

Ibhokisi le-bhokisi ayikho nje ukukwazi ukuzimela, kodwa kunye nemidlalo esanda kuba yinto eyaziwayo ngokuziqhatha ezi ntsuku, kwaye abaphekula behlabathi bafumana imirhumo yezigidi ngokulwa kwabo ngokucacileyo kodwa kunzima.

Ngomnyaka we-1867, indoda egama linguJohn Chambers, ilungu leqela lezemidlalo ye-amateur, ladibanisa imigaqo yomqhubi we-amateur wase-London. Wayekuncedwa ngemali kule nto nguJohn Sholto Douglas - nguMarquis waseQueensberry, owathi waziwa ngokuba ngumdali wemithetho.

Ekubeni, ezili-12 iingongoma ezisemgangathweni ezilawula ukuziphatha kwabaqhubi ziqale zavunywa. Zifanelekileyo namhlanje:

• Ukulwa kwenzeka enkundleni yesikwere, ecaleni layo lingamamitha angama-24.
• Naluphi na ukukhutshwa, ukucinywa, ukuphosa, ukukhaba kungavunyelwe.
• Ujikelezo lugqiba imizuzu emithathu, ikhefu linye ngomzuzu.
• Emva kokuwa, umnqakrasi kufuneka amele imizuzwana engama-10, ukuba akakwazi ukuvuka, ngoko ukulwa kuyabalwa.
• Akuvumelekile ukuba unamathele kwiintambo kwaye uphephe kuzo ukuba uqhube.
• Akukho namnye wabangaphandle abanalo ilungelo lokungena kwindandatho ngexesha lokujikeleza.
• Abadlali beglavu kufuneka babe ngohlobo olufanayo kunye nobunzima.
• Ijlavu eqhekekileyo ingaguquleka kumyalelo wesompempe.
• Ijoni elithintela indandatho ngamadolo layo libonakala liwile.
• Ukulwa kuphelile ngoyiso lomnye wabadlali.

Njengoko kunokubonwa kuzo zonke ezi ngasentla, ibhoksi ilawulwa ngokucacileyo kobudlelwane phakathi kwabazalwana abambini, kwaye akulona ulwaphulo olungcolileyo lwedolophu.

Inkqubo yoqeqesho

Kakade ke, nayiphi na ishishini idinga ubuchule obuhle, amava kunye nolwazi oluthile kunye nezakhono. Ngoko ke, ibhoksi ngumsebenzi oquka ukuqeqesha rhoqo ngokuzimeleyo kwaye njengenxalenye yeqela. Umqeqeshi uhlala esenza i-stage of blowing to the athletes, ulawula ukuphuhliswa kweentlobo zabo, uzibeka kwi-sparring, wenza ukuba enze izibetha kwizixhobo ezizodwa ezifana nepayari yebhokisi, isikhwama, i-paws, njl. Ukongezelela, ingqalelo ehlawulwa kuqeqesho oluqhelekileyo lomzimba: Umlenze, umsebenzi wenziwa ngebhola eboshiweyo, i-push-ups eyenziwa kwiibhalelo ezingalinganiyo, ukukhutshwa kwintsimbi eyenziwa kwi-bar engqamlekileyo, ukubhukuda kunconywa.

Ngeendlela zokuhlonipha, ukulwa nokulwa kusetshenziselwa ukulwa nabasemagqageni, njengendlela yokulwa. Ukukhuselwa ngokukhawuleza, basebenzisa i-kapu, isitshi, isigqoko, iiglavu zokuxhaswa kwebhokisi, kunye neengalo zilinxeba. Ezi zixhobo kunye neencedisi zivumela ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala, zikhusele kwizicucu ezingafunekiyo.

Iintlobo

Ibhokisi lebhola liyakwazi ukwahlula zibe zintathu iintlobo: i-amateur, i-semi-professional, ingcali.

Abathandwayo basebenza kulolu cwangciso: emithathu imizuzu emithathu. Ikhefu phakathi kwemijikelezo ngenye imzuzu. Kwiimbaleki kufuneka zigqoke iifom yebhokisi. Isici esahlukileyo: ibhokisi lebhokisi elinokubamba iqela lingabamba iimfazwe eziliqela ngosuku olunye, lithetha kwintambo ethile.

Iingcali zilwa ukusuka kuma-8 kuya kwe-12. Kuze kube ngama-1980, ukulwa kobukhosi kwaqhutyelwa iinqwelo ezili-15, kodwa ukufa kombhokisi othile ogama linguDook Ku Kim wanikezela ukunyaniseka ukuba ngowokuqala umbutho wehlabathi we-box WBC, kwaye emva koko - i-WBA ne-IBF yanciphisa umgama weqhawe, isusa ezintathu.

Iprofi ilwa ne-ehamba ngeenqunu, ngokungafani nabadlali abagqoke i-T-shirt. Ijaji emcengeni ihlolisisa imeko yomzimba yabasemagqabini kwaye inokuthi nayiphi na ixesha inqume ukulwa ngenxa yokulimala komnye wabaphikisanayo, ukuchithwa kwegazi, ukuphuma kwamanzi okanye ukukhwaza.

Izitayela zebhokisi

Ubungqina bebhola yintsikelelo yesiganeko esibi kakhulu, apho abaphangi bamathuba amaninzi kunye nezitayela zidibana. Ngoko ke, kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela ngokucophelela ukuba zeziphi iindlela eziphambili zokukhetha umdlalo wezemidlalo.

Umqhubi ngumdlali wezemidlalo okhetha ukulwa ukusuka kude. Lo mkhuseli unobungcali, ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza uhamba ezinyaweni zakhe. Ukuba umchasi wakhe uzama ukungena kwiklinik okanye umgama omfutshane, umfaki uya kuhlala ebhidliza kwaye ahlangane naye nge-jabs, ngelixa egcina isandla sakhe sokunene kufuphi nentloko. Izibonelo ezintle - uWladimir Klitschko, u-Mohammed Ali.

Infaiter ngumloli olwa ebudeni obufutshane. Iibhokisi ezinjalo zibudlova kwaye zixhaphaza. Ukubetha uchungechunge lweemivimbo emzimbeni kunye nentloko kunye nomgama omfutshane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abaphangi abanjalo bancinci.

Umhloli webalawuli ngumbhokisi webhokisi, ekubala ukuba umdlali uya kwenza iphosakelo kwaye uya kuhlwaywa. Umsebenzi oyintloko we-counterpuncher ukusebenzisa ukuhlaselwa komdlali ukuba afezekise injongo yakhe. Olu hlobo ludinga ukuba ube neempendulo ezilungileyo kakhulu, ukudibanisa ukuhlanganiswa, iingcamango ezicacileyo, isantya esiphezulu sezandla, ubuchule obukhaliweyo. Imizekelo: Chris Byrd, Floyd Mayweather Jr.

U-Slagger ungumbhokisi ohamba ngokukhawuleza, okhetha ukusebenzisa i-arc blow blows njenge-hook okanye i-uppercut. Nangona kunjalo, yena ngokwakhe akasebenzi kwaye akanalo ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo. Abalweli bahlala beqhubeka phambili kulindeleke ukuba bathumele umdlali kumgangatho. Abanalo umgangatho ophezulu wemigangatho, kodwa bahlawulela ngokupheleleyo le nto ngamandla amanyala okuvuthela.

Umqhubi ungumqhubi, uhlale ephepha ukulwa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye asebenze njenge "inombolo yesibini". Ngokuqhelekileyo abaphangi badla iklinikhi kwaye banokusebenzisa amaqhinga angcolileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo akafuni ukuphumelela, kodwa ukucacisa umchasi ukuba ahlekise. Kwakhona, umphangi akakakuvumeli ukuba ubonakalise amandla omdlali wakho. Okumangalisa kukuba, eli qhinga lavumela abanye abaqhawe ukuba babe yiintshatsheli zehlabathi. Imizekelo: Nkosi Smith, uJohn Ruiz, uGuillermo Rigondeaux.

Ukuhlaliswa ngumntu ohlasela ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokungabaza okanye ukwesaba yena. Kulo hlaselo luhlala lukhange lukhangele, luneempembelelo ezinamandla zezandla zombini. Uzama ukuphulaphula intshaba, njengokungathi uyigqabi. Ngaba uyakwazi ukuphazamisa ngokupheleleyo umchasi wakho ekuhlaseleni.

Izinketho zokukhusela

Izinto eziphambili zeteknoloji yokukhusela zi:

• Diving;
• I-Slope;
• Yima;
• Ekubethwe;
• Ukugqithwa;
• Ukuvimba;
• U kliniki;
• Ukuhamba kwimilenze.

Ulwahlulo lwabalandeli ngokulinganisa

Naliphina i-federation ye-boxing yanamhlanje ibonisa ukugqitywa kwezibhokisi ngokulinganisa. Ngokumalunga neengcali, zidibene ngokwahlulo ezilishumi elinesixhenxe, uluhlu lwefomu:

• Ubuncinane ubunzima buyingama-105.
• I-flyweight yokuqala i-108 pounds.
• Eyona ndlela elula ngu-112.
• I-flyweight yesibini i-115.
• Isisindo esilula kakhulu sisi-118.
• Okwesibini yinto elula kakhulu - 122.
• Featherweight - 126.
• I-featherweight yesibini i-130.
• Isisindo sokukhanya - 135.
• Ukuqala kweWelterweight - 140.
• Welterweight - 147.
• Umyinge wokuqala ngowama-154.
• Umlinganiselo wesisindo ngu-160.
• Okwesibili wesibini - 168.
• Ukukhanya okuPheleleyo - 175.
• Umthwalo owokuqala ngowama-200.
• Ubunzima obunzima - ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-200.

Ukhuphiswano phakathi kwama-amateurs luqhutywa kwiindidi ezilishumi. Yaye isisindo senziwa ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba umdlalo. Umphindi naye uphantsi kokuhlolwa kolukhuni. Ngokuxhomekeke ekubalukeleni komncintiswano, umdlali wezemidlalo unokunikezelwa kwisikhundla (sesithathu, yesibini, yokuqala) okanye isikhundla (umviwa kumphathi wezemidlalo, inkosi yezemidlalo, inkosi yezemidlalo kwiklasi yamazwe ngamazwe).

Amagosa

Ibhokisi lemiba yenzeke ngokuthe ngqo. Ngaphandle koko, kukho imikhosi yebhokisi:

- Umpempe, olawula ikhosi yomdlalo;

Kwicala lokubala abadlali;

Umgcini wexesha;

- Okwesibini kunye nomncedisi wakhe, obizwa ukuba anike umqhubi wokuqala uncedo phakathi kwee-rounds (ootitshala abavunyelwe ukuba nemizuzwana emine).