Ibhulorho ngaphesheya Amur River Blagoveshchensk: ukwakha, photo

Imbali ubuhlobo Chinese-Russian uyayazi ixesha ubuhlobo ukungathandi ashushu nabandayo. Noko ke, unxibelelwano phakathi kwamazwe kunye nabantu phantse zange ayeke: ukuba idlulile, idlabhuzwe, kodwa izinto kunye nentsebenziswano ibisoloko. Kwakukho nje elifutshane, kakuhle oxhobele kaloliwe okanye indlela umzila phakathi kweentlanga zombini namazwe angabamelwane. Lesi sifo kungaba ixesha elide. Ukususela ngenkulungwane yokugqibela azisa isakhiwo ngamazwe - ibhulorho enqumla Amur River Blagoveshchensk. Kwaye ke ubudala omnye luya lusiba nochatha, yaye "ibhulorho lisekhona." Business ngafakwa isenzo kutshanje.

Iiprojekthi yokuqala

Ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho enqumla Amur River e Blagoveshchensk yaqukwa kwizicwangciso zophuhliso kummandla zamanzi. Wayepeyinta de 2025. Ibhulorho yaphakanyiswa kuqala ukuba uqwalaselwe ngo-1995. Kwaye nangona livunyiwe, ukuphunyezwa khange olwenziwe kwiminyaka ezahlukeneyo. Ngowe-1998, kokwendalo yenzekile, ulwabiwo-mali wayekwa. Ngomba emva ngo-2005, kodwa iSebe loPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho kunye noRhwebo alikagunyazisi sokwakha. Imeko yezoqoqosho kufuneka ukusombulula le ngxaki. Yaye emva ngo-2014.

yokuwela

Ukususela ngo-2012, ukunqongophala koqhagamshelwano ngqo zincitshiswe umchankcatho owawuza , ezisebenzayo kungekho yeNavigeyishini kwi Amur (entlakohlaza kwangethuba ekwindla). Ukwakhiwa uyakwazi ukumelana kuphela intshukumo yonyawo sithwala kodwa zothutho. Ebusika, emva kokusekwa esiqinileyo ice cover yokuwela kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ice Amur. Kwiinyanga xa umlambo yiya enkundleni ukuze aye China kunokuba kuphela endleleni esa, kunye ubude 3.5 amawaka eekhilomitha.

Ukusayinwa nezisusa

Ibhulorho ngaphesheya Amur River Blagoveshchensk, wafumana iwonga ziko icwangciswe ngo-2014. Declaration of yeNjongo esayinwe O. Kozhemyako (iRhuluneli Ingingqi Amur) kunye Lu yan (Head of kwiphondo Chinese of Heihe) ngexesha Mboniso Russian-Chinese. NgoJulayi 2014 macala mabini baceba ukuba amisele umhla yokwakha.

Kwintlanganiso yesibini welungu iqela Russian-Chinese ukwenzela uphuhliso lwezibonelelo zothutho, eyayibanjelwe e Hangzhou, kuye kubekho isivumelwano kuphuhliso nemiqulu uqikelelo yendlela, nto leyo eza kunika ibhulorho enqumla Amur River Blagoveshchensk. 2015 yaba isiqalo ukuba olunzulu ukufunda ebuhleni kunye nokusayinwa kwezivumelwano zexeshana.

Ngokutsho ingcinga yokuqala, ibhulorho ngaphesheya Amur River Blagoveshchensk, eyenzelwe ukudibanisa mazwe mabini kufuneka ilungelelaniswe ukuba indlela indlela kwanezo zisebenzisa umzila yothutho. Kwakhona kwizicwangciso Ichibi ophawulwe. Isigaba sokuqala sokwakha inxibelelanisa amagunya ezimbini inxalenye ngomatshini ye kwebhulorho. Ukubhengezwa injongo lowu ukuba ulwakhiwo wayefanele ukuqala ngehlobo lowe-2016.

iziseko

Iindleko zizonke lobume yonke kuqikelelwa ziingcali kule mali engange-19 billion of. Inkxaso-mali iza kunikezelwa ngokudibeneyo Russian-Chinese lweshishini, ezafumana mboleko beebhanki Chinese ukuvuthwa kwiminyaka engama-20. Njengoko isiqinisekiso ilungelo lokufumana imali ebekwe ezibiza toll kwi kwebhulorho.

I-mboleko sathathwa ukuba ukwakhiwa inxalenye Russian eso sakhiwo. China iye eyakhiwe inxalenye yayo ngokusebenzisa inkxaso-mali karhulumente. Isixa-mali inxalenye Russian lolwakhiwo-14 billion engange. Xa Region Amur kufuneka zibekwe esithathwini ezibini zesishumi se-kwebhulorho elizayo. Izibonelelo yonke complex iya kuquka:

• Ingxenye esemqoka ye kwisibonelelo, enqamleza emdeni kunye neTshayina.
• Crossing point of kumazwe ngamazwe.
• indawo yokuqokelela imali yokukhwela.
• kwisiqithi Verhnekanikurgansky apho indlela indlela aya kuxhotyiswa.
• Bridges ngaphesheya lomsele Kanikurganskuyu.
• Road ukukhuthazana phezu kodonga lasekhohlo esidulini ekudibaneni kunye Highway Zarechnyi-Muravevka-Konstantinovka.
• Inqanaba-ezimbini isiphambuka endleleni ekudibaneni kunye osemendweni ukubaluleka federal "Umnyango Blagoveshchensk". Kwaye indlela "Ukufikelela Vladimirovka" neendlela yokudibanisa Blagoveshchensk kunye Gomelevku.
• Ufikelelo yinxalenye kwingoma. Iqala apho kudibana kwebhulorho yokuwela emendweni odibanisa umzi isixeko Blagoveshchensk Grodekovo. Kunye ukuzolula phambi wokujoyina indlela federal "Umnyango Blagoveshchensk" kwi ngekhilomitha 114th emendweni "Amur".

LLC "Institute Giprostroymost" umsebenzi wokwakha kunye uphando kwi projekthi wenza isebe Amur. Ukwakhiwa uqale ngoJulayi 2016. ukunikezelwa lwento ucwangciselwe 2019 st.

ngokoMthetho washukumisa

Ngokutsho kweengxelo esendimbaneni, kwakhona ukuqalisa le projekthi isaqhubeka. Isizathu kwakusekho imfuneko yokuseka isebe lweshishini Russian-Chinese, ezaziququzelelwe ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho. Oku wazisa iRhuluneli Alexander Kozlov kwi Forum Economic East.

Wathetha ngale meko apho ekhoyo okwangoku ibhulorho enqumla Amur River Blagoveshchensk. Ngowe-2016, kwikota yayo yokugqibela, kufuneka iphawulwe ekupheleni kweqonga yokuvunywa loyilo Uqikelelo namaxwebhu. Ukongeza, iya kuvavanywa iphakheji uviwo amalungu amaxwebhu karhulumente. Umsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwebhulorho liya kuqala ngoko nangoko emva kokugqitywa lekomiti ingcali kwaye iya kuhlala kwikota yokuqala ka-2019.

nefuthe loqoqosho Uqikelelo

Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu yommandla Far Eastern yokunqongophala kwezibonelelo. Ngenxa-nkqubo kukhetho rhafu eyongezelelweyo kunye buthathaka engange, imveliso kule ndawo iye kukhuphiswano kangangokuba kwaba phambili kwezinye izinto iinkampani Chinese. Okwangoku, ukujika kwezinto phakathi kwamazwe amabini kule ngingqi malunga 300 kweetoni eziliwaka. Ukuphucula kwezi zalathisi posodeystvuet ibhulorho enqumla Amur River China. Blagoveshchensk - isixeko kwindawo apho ulwakhiwo luya kolulwa ilizwana elikufuphi. Oku kuya kwandisa inani ukuya phantse zizigidi ezi-3 tons. Ukongeza, sihlelwe ukufezekisa:

1. Ngo-2040, ukwandisa umthamo yinkolelo ukuya kubantu 3 million kwaye ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-6 iitoni imithwalo.
2. Uqikelelo yendlela, nto leyo eza kunika ibhulorho enqumla Amur River Blagoveshchensk ngo-2035 kuya kuthetha ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-8,5 lamawaka izithuthi ngosuku. Uninzi izithuthi, malunga-92%, inani kwempahla.
3. Inqanaba kulindeleke lungeniselo zerhafu 2040 ukuya mali yase abangaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-8 engange, bendawo - ngaphezulu kwe-4 million.
4. amashishini Industrial ezibalulekileyo zendawo kazwelonke balindele nokuncitshiswa lokucwangcisela ixabisa nge 25-30%, nkqu amandla ekukhuleni iindleko zothutho ebangelwa kukunyuka kwemfuno yezothutho ezindleleni.

Ezi kunye nezinye utshintsho ukuzisa ibhulorho ngaphesheya Amur River Blagoveshchensk. Izithombe ukuqala zokwakha baqalisa kupapashwa kumaphepha-ndaba. Imiphumo emihle labasibekela kancinci yimithetho ekhoyo yesivumelwano namasiko. Ngokutsho kwabo, iinqwelo impahla Russian akuvumelekanga intshukumo kwi kummandla China. Ngoko ke, lo umthwalo kumacala omabini umda kufuneka zigcinwe kwiindawo transfer. Oorhulumente amazwe ingqalelo into yokuba nokutshintsha imiqathango yesivumelwano bakhetha a lula.

Bridge kuMmandla Ukuzilawula yamaJuda

Ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngo-2013, emva kweminyaka elishumi thethwano, ukuba utyikitye isivumelwano ukwakha enye ibhulorho eTshayina. Le nto ukudibanisa Russia kunye China Nizhneleninskoye phakathi elalini kunye nesixeko Tongjiang. Nesityholo ukuba ibhulorho ngaphesheya Amur River Blagoveshchensk isiqingatha-yakhiwe, ibonisa inxalenye kuphela inyaniso. Isiqingatha icala yaseTshayina yakhiwe amakhonkco Tongjiang. Kwicala Russian, kwidolophana Nizhneleninskoye waqala nje umsebenzi.

Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa emva kokuba kufunyenwe imvume yesivumelwano e-China waqalisa ekwakheni inxalenye yayo lwesakhiwo. Ngexesha elifutshane ngo-1755 m bhulorho kaloliwe yakhiwa, kukho iintsika 17 apho ukuphumla kwindoda-16. Ngelo xesha linye icala Russian babenengxaki ngezimali kunye nokungabikho a kwikontraki zokwakha.

impendulo Russian

Ngo-2015, imeko seyide savela njengoko mali engaphelelanga sabhambathisa evela Development Fund ka East Far. imali avakalisa engange-2.5 billion. ikontraka Construction iyakwenza UCSC "Bridge". Ngokutsho iingxelo zeendaba kutsha nje, ebeka isiseko inxalenye Russian ye ukuthuthwa bhulorho kwenzeka Februwari 26, 2016. Eyona njongo ephambili yale zokwakha elizayo - iimveliso ezithunyelwa Kimkano-Sutarskoye GOK eTshayina. Lo mqulu ezicwangcisiweyo - kwizigidi ezi-8,3 yeetoni ngonyaka ngamnye.

traffic esilindelekileyo phezu ibhulorho icwangciswe kwi mali yezigidi 21 iitoni impahla ebudeni bonyaka. Uqhagamshelwano emva kokuqala ukuphucula amatyathanga phakathi China kunye nenani kwimimandla Russian: kummandla Magadan, iyavuma ezijikeleze ekoneni. Kwicala Russian amakhonkco zoololiwe ziya iqhotyoshelwe Trans-Siberian Railway. Iindleko zizonke sokwakha ingaphezulu kwe $ 400 million. Kukugqitywa kokugunyaziswa kwebhulorho ucwangciselwe 2019.

nezahlulo elizayo

Ngokutsho iziphumo zokupasa zokugqibela ngo-2015, ingeniso urhwebo Russian-Chinese yehle yaye yaba 69 ezigidi zeerandi. Oku 20 bhiliyoni ngaphantsi kwe kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ngokuchasene imvelaphi lokuncitshiswa yamanani zorhwebo ukubaluleka kwezoqoqosho iibhulorho ayikho ezibalulekileyo njengoko ekwakhiweni xesha yesicwangciso. Kwiminyaka ezayo ukuwela cupid uya kukhonza uphuhliso lwezibonelelo kuphela kwimimandla umda Russia kunye China kwakunye neendawo angabamelwane ukwandisa ingeniso.

Ukwakhiwa unxibelelwano phakathi kwamazwe sithathwa phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente. Eyona njongo iphambili yale ingqalelo yaba kukwakha kwebhulorho enqumla Amur River Blagoveshchensk. promotion Photo imisebenzi ngoku kuvela rhoqo zipapashwa ubonise ukwanda kumsebenzi. Namhlanje isaziso iindleko eziqikelelwayo yokuwela ibhulorho Russian-Chinese. Ixabiso umdla umkhweli nganye iya kuba engange malunga 307 ze zothutho - 368 engange ngetoni nganye.