Ibhulorho of Hangzhou e China

Hangzhou Bay Bridge (Hangzhou, China) olunye isiqinisekiso into yokuba le joke malunga libya eChina izinto azisoloko kufanelekile. Ngomnye inkulu kule hlobo zobunjineli kwi planethi kwaye nobuhle engakholelekiyo. Ubude bayo angu 36.

design

Uphando zexesha elide kunye nokudibana kungenzeka yokwakha ibhulorho kule ndawo yaqala ngo-1994 kwaye lathatha iminyaka elithoba. Inkqubo yokudala projekthi wakhe ukutsala iingcali engcono kunye nabayili bezakhiwo, bevela kulo lonke emhlabeni, nto leyo iyonke kukho ngaphezulu kwe asixhenxe anamakhulu. Ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima, ababhekisi phambili ekuvunyelwene kwingcamango ukuba ibhulorho e Hangzhou, iifoto leyo thaca apha ngasezantsi, kufuneka ixhaswe ngeentsontelo enamandla, njengoko iya kuvumela ukuba ukulwa bhetele iimeko zejoloji ezinzima emazantsi, amanzi amaninzi-zemiyalelo, kwakunye uphawu esakhiweni kwamaza eziphakamileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ngokutsho kwingxelo yiko, injongosenzi nako ukumelana nokuba yinyikima enesakhono amanqaku ezisixhenxe phezu kwisikali iRichter.

zokwakha

Ibhulorho of Hangzhou eTshayina waqala ukwakha ngoJuni 2003. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, wonke umsebenzi sagqitywa, kunye nonyaka emva lokuvula grand. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba udini onke amacandelo kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo lwenziwa kwi ukuhlasela. Emva koko uthuthwa kumanxuwa nakhelwe inxalenye apho efakiweyo usebenzisa ngxilimbela milenge ezidadayo. Ukuze kwiindibanisela afakelwa omnye komnye ngokucacileyo, abakhi inxaxheba rhoqo ngaphezulu kwe amahlanu lweenkqubo GPS.

The main ngxaki

Ingxaki engundoqo esasijongene iinjineli Chinese phambi kokuba kwakhiwe ibhulorho ka Hangzhou, waqalisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yendalo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngongqameko zamanzi enzonzobila ecaleni komgca yayo engundoqo. Kuthotho izifundo ezizodwa iimpawu zomhlaba, uphawu yale nkqubo, oko ngaphandle. Ngaloo ndlela, kungenzeka umonakalo isakhiwo ngesakhiwo zobunjineli ngoko lupheliswe ngokupheleleyo.

lokufumanisa

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, le into wafakwa ukusebenza ngo-2009. Lokuvulwa esasibahlula nengxolo enkulu, kubekho abantu abaninzi. Lo msitho azinikele kwesi siganeko, injineli oyintloko ukwakhiwa Wang Yong ngekratshi wabhengeza ukuba Hangzhou - ibhulorho inde ehlabathini. Ngaphezu koko, i ingcali wagxininisa ukuba le projekthi iye yaphunyezwa iimeko ezinzima zendalo, ngokuba apha iya ukuhamba nghena abathathu ehlabathini, ngokufuthi kukho neenkanyamba. Kwakugqitywa wenjineli swi yinto yokuba ibhulorho iye yaba enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo, ngqo kuphela eTshayina, kodwa ehlabathini lonke.

incazelo jikelele

ibhulorho Transoceanic osibonayo Hangzhou Bay of igama elifanayo, nto leyo eyinxalenye East China Sea, kwakunye Qiantang River, nto leyo ifumaneka kwi iteksti Delta. Njengokuba sele sitshilo, ubude bayo bungama angu 36. Le ichaza ukwakheka isakhiwo «S» yenzelwe kwaye eyakhelwe-imilo. Kuyinto candelo yinxalenye emendweni Chinese nogu lwasempumalanga, ngenxa abaqhagamshelwe kunye kwiindawo ezisemantla kunye nakumazantsi karhulumente. Bridge asuka e Dzhiaksine kwaye iphela - e Nimba. Ngokusekelwe amaxwebhu projekthi, ukwakhiwa ilungiselelwe iminyaka emakhulu inkonzo alunakuqinisekiswa. Ngamanye amazwi, kancinane yokwakha ngokutsha uya kufuna nje ngaphambi kwe ekuqaleni kwinkulungwane elandelayo.

Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele into yokuba into yahlulwe yangamacandelo ezisithoba kwaye inama ubukho inkqubo yokhuselo mihla nxamnye yokwaphukelwa ezinokwenzeka kunye umonakalo ngenxa yoko. Le abayili kwazithathela ingqalelo iimpawu wenyikima lommandla leyo iza kunqumla, ngoko ingqibelelo yayo ingabi sengozini kwanaxa iinyikima zomhlaba ezinkulu kakhulu.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ngokutsho manani, Hangzhou ibhulorho udlula yonke imihla umlinganiselo izithuthi 50 000 ezahlukeneyo. Kwicala ngalinye ibonelelwa iileyini ezintathu. Ububanzi iyonke izithuthi kweemitha 33. Zaphetha ibekwe ngaphezu kwamanzi kakhulu eliphezulu (kwi ukuphakama kuyimitha 62), ngoko ukuba kunokwenzeka Kwathi iintlobo iinqanawa, kuquka iinqanawa isikhongozelo, ziphantsi isizukulwana yesine yesihlanu. Ubude lilonke intambo ukuba isetyenziswe ukuxhasa Hangzhou friend 32,2 km. Ukucutha le Velocity kwisibonelelo ebekwe kwi-100 leekhilomitha ngeyure.

Inkqubo GPS ikhankanywe apha ngentla, nto leyo ebandakanyekileyo kwinqanaba zolwakhiwo ziko, ngoku ukwenzela ukuba ungagcina umkhondo nesimo esikhoyo ngoku kunye neendibano ukumelana, kwaye xa kunokwenzeka ingozi okanye naluphi na utyeshelo, ukuba azise abasebenzi.

island

Xa embindini kwebhulorho na kwisiqithi square metres angamawaka alishumi, nto leyo ilungiselelwe abanye abaqhubi. Inika inani lamathuba zabahambi. Ezi ziquka Gas, iindawo zokutyela, iihotele kwaye nkqu i kumgangatho okuboniweyo. Ngenxa kule siqithi kuthandwa kakhulu eliphezulu phakathi kubakhenkethi. Abaninzi kubo beze apha kuphela ukuze ufumane ithuba lokubona ihlabathi flow umlambo odumileyo. Nomtsalane kubo kanye neepaki zoluntu. Ukuze kunqandwe ukutshatyalaliswa yesiqithi kufakwa iinkqubo zokongamela kunye nokhuseleko mihla, waza wakha phezu pier.

nomphumela omuhle

Hangzhou ibhulorho ngoko nangoko emva intshayelelo yayo kube nefuthe elihle kuphuhliso lommandla lonke. Umbusi wendawo sele kungekudala emva kokuba emnyango, wathi xa ogudle i iteksti River iye yenyuka kakhulu ukusebenza kothungelwano lwezothutho. Ukongeza, esinzulu ezikhawulezileyo inkqubo yophuhliso lwezoqoqosho kummandla. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, kwaye kukho ezincinane enjalo kubalulekile, nto leyo ukunciphisa umgama phakathi Shanghai kunye Ningbo ngu leekhilomitha 120. Ngamanye amazwi, ixesha ukusuka isixeko enkulu kwenye ahluka - ukuya kwiiyure ezimbini.

zimali ezinkulu neekontraka

Ngokutsho abatyali ephambili kule projekthi, Hangzhou ibhulorho waba ngumqondiso ukukhula okuqhubekayo ngamandla kwezoqoqosho lonke ilizwe. Kufuneka zonke izizathu ukutsho oko, kuba emva kokuba ekuvulweni kwayo kwakukho uvale ngamandla kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho lommandla. Iindleko Iprojekthi le projekthi yaba malunga ne-1,4 ezigidi zeerandi US. $ 18 million wenza lamashishini elinesixhenxe abucala ukuba efakwe kule ngingqi. Le mali inkulu kweli qela laba Songcheg, utyalo-mali kuqikelelwa kwi-17.3% of capital yayo.

Umakhi ephambili yale projekthi China Railway Bridge Bureau Co Ltd. inkampani International Ty Lin wayila projekthi kwebhulorho. Yokulondolozwa Consulting wamphendula Hardesty & Hanover Corporation, yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Imvumelwano unikezelo kweenkqubo anti-yinqanawa yanikezelwa Ben C Gerwick.