Icon yoMsindisi woBungcwele-ogciniweyo ukusindiswa kwangaphambili

Kwintshona-ntshona-empuma yeSiriya yanamhlanje, phakathi kwe -Tigris ne-Ewufrathe imilambo, ukusuka ngonyaka we-137 BC ukuya kunyaka wama-242 AD, kwakukho indawo encinci yase-Osroena, eyayiyena yokuqala ukuvakalisa ubuKristu inkolo yeburhulumenteni. Lapha, ngokokuqala ngqa, kuboniswe uphawu lweMsindisi woBungcwele.

Igosa le icon

Ngokutsho kweengcamango ezininzi, i-Osporan ukumkani uVargar V, ohlala kuyo kwindlunkulu yelizwe lase-Edessa, wagula ngesifo esingenakuphilisa - iqhenqa elimnyama. Ephupheni, wabonakaliswa ukuba ubuso bukaMsindisi buya kumnceda. Umdwebo wenkundla, wathunyelwa kuKristu, wayengenakuwuthabatha umfanekiso wakhe ngenxa yokuphulukiswa nguThixo evela kuYesu, owathi, emva kokudibana nokuncenga kukaFaro, wahlamba ubuso bakhe ngamanzi waza wazisula ngelawula (ibhodi). Kulo mfanekiso wawuhlala umfanekiso oqaqambileyo, obizwa ngokuthi "Ubrus", okanye iMandylion, okanye uphawu lweMsindisi olungenziwanga ngezandla. Oko kukuthi, kwinguqulelo yeklasiki, ibonisa ubuso bukaKristu, eqhutywe kwinqanawa, ngasemigqeni apho i-tovas ikhutshwe khona, kwaye iiphelo eziphezulu zidibene.

Emva kokuphilisa ngokumangalisayo kuka-Avgar, akukho nto ikhankanyiweyo yile icon kuze kube ngowama-545, xa uEdessa ithatyathwa ngamaqela asePersi. Kwenzeka kaninzi kangakanani, kwixesha elilukhuni, ukubonelela kukuza kuhlangula. Kwintlambo engasentla kwamasango esi sixeko afunyanwanga kuphela uphawu olugcinwe ngokupheleleyo loMsindisi olungenziwanga ngezandla, kodwa kunye neprintiki yayo eludongeni lwe-ceramic, okanye iCeramidion. Ukukhutshwa kweso sixeko kwakufakwe ngendlela ehle kakhulu.

Iimpawu ze icon

Lo mfanekiso omangalisayo kwimibonakalo yayo yomibini (eyenziwa kokubili kwinqanawa kunye neekeramics) ineqela leempawu kunye namasiko anxulumene nayo. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba ngabaculi bezithonjana zokuqala njengomsebenzi wabo wokuqala wokuzimela.

I-icon yoMsindisi woBungcwele ngumfanekiso kuphela apho i-halo ejikeleze intloko kaYesu inomxholo wesangqa esivaliweyo rhoqo kunye nomnqamlezo ngaphakathi. Zonke ezi nkcukacha, kunye nombala weenwele zikaMsindisi, imvelaphi jikelele ye icon (kwiimpawu zamandulo zamandulo zihlala zihlambulukile), zithwala imithwalo yazo yesimani.

Kukho iingcamango ezibonakaliswayo ngaphandle kwebrashi kunye nepeyinti, oko kukuthi, inqobo, uphawu "UMsindisi Ongenziwanga Ngezandla", isithunzi sikaKristu, esithatha ubuso bakhe.

Kwi-Orthodoxy, le icon isoloko idlala indima ekhethekileyo, ukususela ngexesha lokuzisa uluhlu lwayo eConstantinople ngo-1355. Nangona imifanekiso yamandulo yale ntlobo ibonakala eRashiya ngekhulu le-11, kuphela kwinqanaba lesibini le-14 leminyaka yonke into edibene "noMsindisi Ongenziwanga Ngezandla" ifakwe kwinqanaba lequmrhu lakwaRhulumente kwaye liyaziswa yonke indawo. Ngaphantsi kwalo kwakhiwa itempileni, lo bubuso buboniswa kwimibhobho yamajoni aseRussia ekugqibeleni kakhulu ukulwa nelizwe - ukusuka ku-Kulikovskaya ukuya kwiimfazwe zeMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala. Igama elithi "ibhanki" lithatyathwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngegama elithi "ibhanki" (ukusuka "kumqondiso"). I-Khorugvi enomfanekiso "woMsindisi woBungcwele" yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokunqoba izixhobo zaseRashiya.

Icon "UMsindisi Ongenziwanga Ngezandla" namhlanje

Ukufika kwalolu hlobo lwesimangaliso, ubuqaqawuli obuye basasazeka kulo lonke elaseRashiya, ukusuka kwi- monastery yaseNovospasky yedolophu yaseViatka eya kwi-Assumption Cathedral yaseKremlin, uye wafumana isilinganiselo sikarhulumente kunye nokubaluleka. Amawaka aseMuscovites kunye neendwendwe zaphuma ziza kudibana ne icon kwaye emehlweni abo zawa ngamadolo. Isango likaFrolovsky, apho i-icon yaqhutyelwa khona, yaqala ukubizwa ngokuba yiSpassky. Ukudlulela kuwo kunokuphela kwintloko engafihliweyo, njengesibonakaliso sobubomi buso.

"UMsindisi Ongenziwanga Ngezandla" yisimboli esingenakugqithiselwa. Kucatshulwa njengenye yeempawu eziphambili ze-Orthodoxy, ngentsingiselo yentsingiselo efana nomnqamlezo kunye nokubethela.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngamanye amaxesha ngokufanelekileyo kuthiwa yiBhapathizo Yesibili yeRashi, inani elingaphambili ngaphambili leecawa, iindwendwe kunye neetempile zakhiwa. KuSochi, iTempile loMsindisi Ongenziwanga Ngezandla lakhiwa waza wahlanjululwa ngoJanuwari 5, 2014, ukuvula iiOlimpiki ngexesha lokubhala.