I-Nikolo-Ugreshsky Monastery, isixeko saseDzerzhinsky

Ukukhangela ngokomoya nokuziphatha kufuna abantu ukuba bahambe ngeendlela zokuhamba, apho bangafumananga kuphela amaphepha amatsha embali, kodwa banokufuphi nokholo kunye noThixo.

Intshonalanga ye-Nikolo-Ugreshsky: imbali yesiseko

Umhlaba waseRussia ucebile kwizikhumbuzo zomoya - iinqanawa, iicawa kunye namathredrals, i-belfries kunye nezakhiwo zetempile. Kwaye maxa wambi kunzima ukukhetha enye yazo. Kodwa abo abangalondolozi ixesha kunye namandla, kubalulekile ukutyelela i-monastery yaseNikokolo-Ugreshsky (isixeko saseDzerzhinsky). Le ndwendwe yakhiwa ngemiyalelo kaDmitry Donskoy ngo-1380. Ngokomxholo, kwisayithi sezindwendwe zeendwendwe i-monastery i-prince is umfanekiso weSt. Nicholas uMsebenzi oMangalisayo. Ngelo xesha, uDmitry Donskoy walungiselela imfazwe nomkhosi uMamaia kwaye wayenabo bahlobo bakhe kufuphi neMoscow, kuphela i-15 km. Kwintsika yokuthandaza i-icon engcwele yayithunyelwa ngamazulu. Emva kwemfazwe edumileyo yembali kwintsimi yaseKukokovo, eyaphela ekunqobeni imikhosi yaseRashiya, uDmitry wabuyela kwindawo engcwele eyake yamnika uphawu lukaNicholas uMsebenzi oMangalisayo, kwaye wabiza ngokuthi ngu-Ugreshaya. Emva koko, isikhulu salawula ukuba simise itempile apha ngentlonelo yeSt. Nicholas, okwangoku namhlanje ithatha amakhulu amabandla abahamba ngeenxa zonke emhlabeni jikelele.

Kukholelwa ukuba ekuqaleni kwakuyakhiwa ngamatye. Nguye owashiswa yiCrimean Khan ngo-1521. Isakhiwo selitye sabonakala kamva kamva, ngexesha lolawulo lukaBasil Omkhulu.

Uhambo lomfanekiso ongcwele

Ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zesiseko i-Monastery ye-Nikolo-Ugreshsky yayinamalungelo akhethekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, u-Ivan the Terrible wamkhulula ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi kwiimpahla ezifunekayo kulo lonke elaseRashiya.

Yingakho abakhonzi beendwendwe bahlala bephendukela kukumkani onobubele ukuze bancede. Emva kokuba babuze u-Ivan the Terrible ukuba abuyisele lo mfanekiso ongcwele kaNicholas uMsebenzi Omangalisayo, owanikezwa kuDmitry Donskoy phambi kwelifa. Kwinqanaba le-tsar, uphawu lwathunyelwa eMoscow. Umfanekiso udlula kwiVatka, Kama naseMoscow. Ukubuyiselwa kwenziwa nguSaint Macarius ngokwakhe. Emva kokugqitywa komsebenzi, i-icon yabuyiselwa kwi-monastery, kwaye ikopi yalo egcinwe kwinqununu.

Ukuhlaziya ngexesha elixakekileyo

Iingxaki zaseRashiya zaba lixesha lokuhlaselwa, ukudideka, ukungaqiniseki kwixesha elizayo. Ngelo xesha, i-Ugresh yaba sisiphephelo sabakhohlisi kunye nabafihlakeleyo - Uobuxoki uDmitry, owayefihla ebusweni bukaBoris Godunov; Isela likaTushinsky noMarina Mnishek, owathi umyeni wakhe nguye yindlalifa yeRashiya yedwa etroneni.

Ngethuba lokungenelela kwePoland, i-monastery ye-Nikolo-Ugreshsky yayisisithuba sokubutha kwamagosa aphantsi kolawulo lukaMinin noPozharsky.

Ngaloo ndlela, Ixesha leengxaki liba lixesha lokuvavanya kwi-monasteri yase-Ugresh, eyayivame ukuphanga nakwezempi zaseRashiya.

Inzala yamaRomanovs kunye ne-Urresh

Ngaphantsi kweyokuqala kweTar evela kumninindlu waseRomanov uMichael, okhethwe esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-1613, i-monasteri yafumana inqanaba elihle. Ngethuba lonke lebhodi inkosi ivakatyelele iindwendwe ezili-9, ngokukodwa kwimini yokukhumbula uNkolay-Workmaker-worker. I-monastery, ekubeni yindawo yokukhusela ngokomoya ye-tsar, yamkela kuye amalungelo amaninzi: ukukhululwa kwezorhwebo kwimali yamasiko, ilungelo lokuloba e-Nizhny Novgorod. Ngethuba lokubusa kwakhe, uMichael wabonisa iindwendwe ngezipho ezininzi, ngeendlela zonke zanceda ekuphumeleleni. Indodana yakhe, u-Alexey Tishayshy, naye waqhubeka nesithethe sikayise, ehamba ngeenyawo ukuya e-Ugresh entwasahlobo kwaye ethatha zonke iinkathalo zokunakekela iindwendwe.

Maxesha anzima

Ixesha lokunciphisa iindwendwe ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 ukuya kwele-18 leminyaka. Eli xesha liphawulwe ngumbuso woMlawuli uPetros I. Emva kokulibala ixesha elide lezithethe zokhokho bakhe, uphendulela indawo yokuhlala kwindawo apho izigwenxa zigcinwa kunye nokubulawa kwazo. Ukubonakala kwe-Synod kunempembelelo engalunganga kummandla wee-monasteries, kuquka i-monasteri yase-Ugresh. Ngesobunxele ngaphandle kokunakekelwa ngukumkani, kunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo - inani le-monastics liyancipha, kwaye amavavuthi asandul 'ukufika avame ukwenza izenzo ezingabonakaliyo. Phakathi kwekhulu le-18, abantu abangenangqondo kunye nabantu abakhubazeke ngokwenyama kunye nokulimala kwaqala ukufakwa kwi-Ugresh. Izakhiwo zethempeli zeendwendwe zancinci zancipha, kwaye imali yokubuyiselwa kwayo yayingaphantsi. Ingxaki enzima kwi-monasteri yayingukumkani ku-Impress Catherine I, owaguqula ukukhutshwa kwehlabathi lamatye. Umoya oqhelekileyo ngokomoya e-Ugresh wonakalisa, owawuqhutyelwa ukutshintshwa kwee-abbots rhoqo, ezinye zazo zazizuze udumo ngexesha lokunyusa kwabo. Kwakubonakala ngathi akukho nto inokunceda ukuvuselela indawo yokuhlala engcwele, eyasungulwa yintando kaNicholas uMsebenzi-mhle ngokwakhe ...

Njengentaka yePhoenix

Ukuvuselela kwaso i-Nikolo-Ugreshsky stauropegial iindwendwe zesilisa zaqala nge-30s yekhulu le-19 emva kokuba kuqeshwe i-rector u-Ignaty Brianchaninov, kamva waba ngumntu ongcwele. Nangona eqinisweni akazange akwazi ukuhlawula kwiinkonzo zoBugcino, i-Ignaty yayinokuchaphazela ngokuthe kratya ukufumana kwakhona izinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuphucula ngokomoya. Kwiingcebiso zakhe, abbot Hilarion uba ngu-abbot of monastery. Ngombulelo emsebenzini wakhe osebenzayo, ubomi bokomoya baqala ukuvuselela. U-Hilary walandela ngokunyanisekileyo ukugcinwa kommiselo wenyusa kunye nokwandisa inani lamonki kubantu abangama-20. Ngethuba lolawulo lwakhe, i-monasteri yafumana abaxhamli abaninzi, ngenxa yemali apho iSonto lokuThengisa lalisanda, kwaye ezinye izakhiwo zagqitywa.

Ixesha lolawulo lukaHilary lwaluqhamo ngokwenene. Emva kokufa kwakhe, uPimen wathatha indawo ye-abbot, owaqhubeka nomsebenzi womnquli oshonile. UMonk Pimen wakwazi ukuvula isikolo kubantwana abahluphekileyo kwiindawo zeendwendwe. Ngebudeni bemfazwe, i-abbot yalungiselela i-alms-house kwintsimi yase-Ugreshi, apho abalimalayo bathatyathwa kwibala lemfazwe. Kuze kube sekuqaleni kweenguqulelo ze-1918, ubomi obunokuthula nolulinganisiweyo bugeleza kwiindwendwe.

Uvavanyo lweShintsho

Njengamanyenti aseOrthodox eRussia, i-monostery ye-Nikolo-Ugreshsky eDzerzhinsky ivaliwe nangemva kwemizamo emininzi eyenziwa nguMabarii kunye nabazalwana ukuba balondoloze iindwendwe. Endaweni yayo yasungulwa indawo yokuhlala yabantwana besitalato. Ngexesha lemfazwe, kwafuneka ndidilize insimbi yentsimbi yaseNicholas, eyayiba yindawo efanelekileyo yokubhekisela kwinqwelo-moya. Ngama-1980, i-dispereary ye-venereological yavulwa kwintsimi yase-Ugreshi, eyachithwa ngo-1990. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, ngoDisemba, owokuqala kule minyaka yinkonzo ngomhla wekumbulo kaNicholas uMmangaliso wenziwa. Kulo mzuzu ukuzalwa kwesibili kwesi sakhiwo se-orthodox siqala.

Ukuvakasha kwiindwendwe

Ndiyazi imbali ecebileyo yeendwendwe, iparele yeyona kunye nenqwelo-moya yokomoya yabantu, kuyinto enomdla kakhulu ukubona izinto zayo.

Kwintsimi yeendwendwe zikho izakhiwo zeetempile ezili-13 kunye nezakhiwo ezingaphezulu kwe-20 ezongezelelweyo - iinqaba, iitempel, izakhiwo, njl. Ungaqalisa uhambo ukusuka kwisakhiwo esiyinkulu-i-Transfiguration Cathedral. Ithempeli elihle elinemizi elingu-5 ngumzekelo wesakhiwo sokwakhiwa kwekhulu le-19. Yakhelwe ngokukhethekileyo kwiminyaka eyi-500 yokudalwa kweendwendwe. Kukho apho i-monopoli ye-Nikolo-Ugresh igcina imifanekiso yaseSt. Pimen kunye nomfanekiso ongcwele kaNicholas Ummangaliso-uMsebenzi. Ukongezelela, kukho ikopi ecacileyo ye-icon ye-Fedorovskaya uMama kaThixo, apho oomama nabasetyhini balungiselela ukubeletha kuza.

ISt. Nicholas Cathedral iyona indala kunabo bonke i-orthodox eyinkqantosi, eyaqala ngekhulu le-14. Kukholelwa ukuba kwakukho itempile yamatye, eyakhiwe ngenhlonipho kaNicholas uMenzi weMangaliso uDmitry Donskoy. Ukubonakala kwesakhiwo selitye kubandakanywa nomlilo apho inkundla yecala yokuqala yatshiswa. Ngoku kule tempile kukho inxalenye yomthi esiphambanweni apho uYesu Kristu wabethelwe khona. Kwakhona unokuthandaza phambi kohlu lwe-icon kaNicholas uMmangaliso, owenza imimangaliso emininzi.

I-Assumption Cathedral, eyaziwayo ngenxa yobuqaqawuli bayo, igcina imifanekiso yabangcwele abaninzi. Kule tempile unokubamba izidumbu ezingapheliyo ze-Great Martyr Panteleimon, okwazi ukuphilisa izifo ezingokwenyama nezomoya ngokwenza imithandazo yabantu; USergius waseRadonezh, onceda ekusebenzeni nasekufundeni kunye nayiphi na imizamo enhle; Ukholo uMatrona Matrona, oqhubeka ekunceda abantu emva kokufa kwakhe emhlabeni, uSimeon Verkhotursky nabanye abaninzi.

Ukuba ungummandla weendwendwe, qiniseka ukutyelela iKhedhedral of "Yonke Injabulo Ejongene Nentlungu". Unako ukuyiqonda nge-5 domes, esekelwe eluphahleni ngendlela yentente. Ngaphambili kwakuqulethe imifanekiso yamandulo yoMsindisi kunye neNtombikazi, leyo, ngelanga, ayizange iphile kulolu suku, njengama-1920 icawa yaphangwa yavalwa.

Ukugqithisa kule nkedara epilini, uzakufumana kufuphi necawa eyakhiwe ngokuhlonela uMama kaThixo. Isakhiwo esincinci esinezindlu ezi-5, esiphelela ngemivalo evulekile, sakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kunye nemali yabaxhamli. Kanye njengamanye amaKhreditherali, yachithwa, kwaye yabuyiselwa kuphela kwiminyaka ye-2000.

Ukongezelela kwiinkomfa ezinkulu, i-monastery yase-Ugreshsky igcina izakhiwo ezincinci, umzekelo, iipelesi ngokuhlonipha uSt. Nicholas uMmangaliso noMama kaThixo. Kwaye kufuphi nommandla wamatye kunye nekhedareta, eyakhiwe ngenhlonipho ye-Monk Pimen, kukho isithwaba se-Passion yeNkosi. Esi sakhiwo sakhiwe ekuqaleni kwawo-2000 kwisigqibo somnye wabemi beendwendwe. Isakhiwo sakhiwe kwisitayela esidala saseRashiya. Itholakala kwinduli encinane, efanekisela iGolgotha - indawo yokubandezeleka kukaYesu. Ngaphakathi kwecala lamatye elimhlophe labekwa umnqamlezo, ukukhumbuza umbingelelo omkhulu woMsindisi.

I-Cathedral yaseSt. Pimen, esecaleni kwedesi, ifana kakhulu neCawa elidumileyo le-Intercession kwi-Nerl - i-dome yegolide iphakame ngaphezu kweendonga zamatye ezimhlophe, ezintle kwiindawo eziqinileyo.

Kwakhona kwintsimi yeendwendwe nguPetros noPaul Church, iWall yasePalestina kunye nezinye izakhiwo.

Indlela yokufikelela kwiindwendwe

Ukuba unomdla kwimbali ye-Ugresh kwaye ufuna ukuziva ubomi bendlu yeendwendwe eziye zanyamezela amaxesha amanzima, kufuneka uvakashele ngokuqinisekileyo. Iindwendwe zase-Ugreshskaya zisezidolophini zaseDzerzhinsky, eMoscow. Unokufikelela kwisakhiwo se-Orthodox ngale ndlela elandelayo: ukusuka kwisitishi se-metro uVinminki ngebhasi unokufikelela kwisixeko ngemizuzu engama-20, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba uvule i-monastery ye-Nikolo-Ugreshsky. Ndingafika njani, ngoku uyazi. Ukongezelela, unokutyelela iCawa okanye iinkonzo zemikhosi, njengesidilizo seSt. Nicholas uMmangaliso.

Indima ye-monster e-Ugresh ebomini baseRashiya banamhlanje

Iimvavanyo ezininzi zahluleka ukuphula uqobo lwengqondo lwe-monasteri yase-Ugresh. Iimitha zokuhla kwexesha kunye nokungazange kwenzeke ngaphambili, ukutshabalalisa nokutsha kwakhona kuvulekele i-Ugreshi. Kwi-millennium entsha, i-monastery ye-Nikolo-Ugreshsky iyaqhubeka idlala enye yezona zinto eziphambili kwi-Orthodox ubomi belizwe lethu. UMzalwankulu uKirill ngokwakhe uyaneliseka ngokunyanisekileyo nokholo olusisiseko lwabantu, ngenxa yokubhujiswa kweendwendwe ezithabatheleneyo zaba yintlanzi enhle yedolophu yaseDzerzhinsky. I-Nikolo-Ugreshsky Monastery iye yaba yindawo yokwenene yokomoya kunye nemfundo yesithili saseMoscow. Oku kubonakaliswa yimyuziyam ensimini yetempile. Ngokomzekelo, abo banomdla kwiinkcubeko zamaOthodox okanye imbali yeCawa yaseOrthodox yaseRussia banokutyelela i-sacristy museum, apho izinto ezininzi zecawa kunye neengqungquthela zigcinwa. Apha ungabona imifanekiso yamandulo ngemivuzo evelelwe, iVangeli kwisikhuselo sesilivere kunye neengqekembe zamaxesha aseMandulo yaseRashi. Imiboniso iqokelelwe ngenxa yegraffiti. Ngoko, umzekelo, i-monasteri yase-Ugreshsky inokufumana iqoqo elikhethekileyo elinikezelwe kwintsapho kaNicholas II, ibekwe njengongcwele. Ukuqokelelwa ngokoqobo ngeengqungquthela - iincwadi kunye neefoto, iiseti kunye neempawu - ngokuyisimangaliso waya kwi-monasteri. Le myuziyamu ivulekile ukutyelela abahambi.

Ieholide ezibalulekileyo zeendwendwe

Njengazo zonke izakhiwo zase-Orthodox, i-Monstertery yase-Nikolo-Ugresh eDzerzhinsky ihlonipha ininzi yabangcwele kwiinkonzo zemihla ngemihla kunye neeCawa zamatriki. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo phakathi kwabo yile mihla elandelayo:

• Inkumbulo kaNicholas uMmangaliso.
• Iimpawu "Ukubulawa kwabafileyo", "Uvuyo lwabo bonke ababuhlungu", "Uphawu", "Vlakherna".
• Inkumbulo kaBasil i-Confessor, uMphili wePelimimon, uSergius waseRadonezh, uMariya waseYiputa kunye nabanye.
• Ukuguqulwa kweNkosi, i-Ascension kunye nezinye iintlanga ezilishumi elinambini.

Ama-Orthodox, abantu abanokholo ngokunyanisekileyo kufuneka batyelele i-monastery yaseNico-Ugresh. Iifoto ozenzayo ngelixa zingaphakathi kweendonga zayo, ziya kubamba ubuhle bokwenene bobunzima obukhulu. Ukuvuselela kufuneka kubonwe kuqala ngokuthinta imbali yeRashiya engaqondakaliyo, ukufumana umoya ophezulu, ukuthandaza phambi kwe icon kunye nokujoyina imifanekiso yabangcwele. Indwendwe isibhedlele esingokomoya, ngoko ukutyelela kwakhe kuhlala kubantu kuphela kwintle. Kwaye ukuba indawo yaseSt. Nicholas ibe sisiphephelo sakho sokomoya kunye nosindiso, indawo apho unokulibala ngokukhathazeka kwehlabathi kunye nobunzima.