Idabi Main imfazwe ka-1812: iziphumo, itheyibhile

idabi Main imfazwe ka 1812 wagqiba uloyiso amajoni Russian phezu yotshaba. Eli phulo yimikhosi Russian umiselwa kwinqanaba lokuqala qhinga-Chief Barclay de Tolly, kwaye lesibini kwinqanaba - isicwangciso Kutuzova of nokutsalela utshaba kwelo lizwe ukuze buthathaka imikhosi yakhe. Ekuqaleni yomkhosi uNapoleon yanceda ukuze uphumelele: ngoJuni kulo nyaka ophantsi koqwalaselo aqala umkhosi wakhe ukuba ahlasele ilizwe Russian. Noko ke, le mfazwe yokuqala enkulu wabonakalisa amandla omkhulu yomkhosi yesizwe, apho, nangona ekuqaleni lweMedia, kodwa wakwazi ukuba buthathaka kakhulu utshaba.

Battle of ESmolensk

Uluhlu 'ukulwa ezingundoqo kweMfazwe Patriotic ka-1812 "kufuneka uqale abachasi kwenzeke ingozi enkulu yokuqala kwesi sixeko endala ngobuchule ebalulekileyo. Ngo August 4, angaphathi yokuqala French bafika iindonga wazama ukuba aye nabo ukuhlasela, kodwa lweMedia kungekudala kunye ilahleko eninzi. Emva kwemini kwafika imikhosi eziyintloko French waza waqalisa bechuba iinqaba, leyo ke, alichatshazelwa kakubi kakhulu.

Ekupheleni kosuku isixeko phezulu imikhosi ezongezelelweyo. Ingqwayi-ngqwayi wayezimisele ifikelele utshaba emfazweni; uze ungamyeki kunqunyulwa ukusuka kwindlela eMoscow. Ngosuku lokuqala edabini Russian iphumelele uloyiso, kodwa ngomhla wesibini yaseFransi yaqalisa bombardment enkulu iindonga, yaye isixeko ngomlilo. Lutshaba wathatha kwihlomela. Kwezi meko, Barclay de Tolly wanika ukuze siphumele, ukuze asindise umkhosi. Ngoko ke, le mfazwe engundoqo kweMfazwe Patriotic ka-1812 yaqala ukuziphendulela ESmolensk. Society kunye abasemagunyeni baba ukurhoxiswa ungonwabanga amabutho Russian. Emva kwale mfazwe, * uKhesare Alexander I ndamiselwa alimwi Kutuzov, owayedume kakhulu emkhosini.

Ukuqala kwemfazwe Borodino

Yaba ukulwa idumileyo emfazweni phakathi eRashiya ne uNapoleon. Kwathi Agasti 26 kule lali, ibekwe km 125 ukusuka eMoscow. Le mpi yathatha iiyure ezili-12 ukusuka namaqondo empumelelo, kwaye ke ngoko kuqwalaselwa omnye lalawo kwimbali.

Xa ukufunda isihloko "Idabi uphambili Patriotic War of 1812" esikolweni kufuneka indumezulu ngakumbi ngesi siganeko, njengoko kumiselwa ikhondo elizayo ngxabano. Kuvuthelwa engundoqo wawa phezu ekhohlo isiFrentshi kunye neziko. Bakwazi ukuba athimbe elalini, kodwa babengakwazi bayagqobhoza, bayangena wokhuselo ekugqibeleni apha.

Battle for ukufikelwa

Ukuhlasela onamandla yesibini weza ezayame i Bagration kaThixo. Xa kokuhlaselwa yokuqala French ukusuka iilahleko ezinkulu kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele okwethutyana. Emva kokufumana ukusekelwa baqalisa neziqhushumbisi omkhulu. Kuvuthelwa engundoqo ababephethe ibhetri Rajewski. Russian wathabatha inani lokuhlaselwa, kwaye ngexesha elinye wabo nje ngokwakhe uyotywe Marshal Murat. Kuba ukufikelwa kwakunzima bungwanyalala, basoloko udlule isandla ngesandla. War Patriotic ka-1812 ngonyaka, iimfazwe ezinkulu efanele yale saveyi wabonisa isibindi olukhulu kunye ubuqhawe wamajoni Russian. Ngexesha kuhlaselwa yesibhozo flash wabulala balwe osenyongweni. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umkhosi French zaye okugunyaziswe zokudubula nemipu, ukugqithisela wayama kwicala Russian. Ityala kabuhlungu akavumelekanga ukuba ukwakha ngaloo impumelelo. Xa emfazweni phakathi yena uhlatywe ebudeni kernel Bagration, awonisa sibali-ukuhlasela. Lasiwa evela entsimini, iindaba nto ingahlakazeki ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwamasoldati Russian, nokuba abatyhafileyo zabo, emva koko ke baleka. Emva koko, lo jikelele wanika umyalelo ukuba ushiye Konovnitsyn ukufikelwa.

Balwela Barrow

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuqonda oonobangela uloyiso umkhosi Russian ukufunda ukuphuhlisa indlela iimfazwe ezinkulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngo-1812. Ngokufutshane ethetha iziganeko, kuyimfuneko ukubacacisela kwemfazwe Borodino. Emva kokuhamba evuthayo idabi sokugungxula zenzeka ukuze udonga Utitsky. Kule ndawo, Kutuzov amalungiselelo butho abalaleli, nto leyo ukuhlasela utshaba ngasemva ngexesha lohlaselo yayo ekuqiniseni Bagration. Kodwa ke, isicwangciso ibingakwazi ukukwenziwa isebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Noko ke, emva kokuhlaselwa eziliqela Russian nangoku igcinwe ndulana, kodwa ke umthetheli-mkhosi Tuchkov wabulawa.

Le enye ikhosi ye edabini kunye isiphumo

iimfazwe ezinkulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngo-1812, iziphumo apho ekugqibeleni kuqinisekise impumelelo yomkhosi Russian, kufuneka kufundwe iinkcukacha ezithile. Ngexesha Battle of Borodino ukubaluleka edlalwe yi-Cossack kuhlasela Uvarov kunye nemigca ngasemva utshaba Platov kaThixo. Esi kushenxa yokuluka kakhulu, okubangele ukulibaziseka kokuhlaselwa French malunga neeyure ezimbini.

Ingakumbi nempi enkulu yehla ukuba ibhetri Rajewski. Nangona komlilo enzima kunye ahlasele lungenalusini, iziko iye yaqinisekisa isikhundla sayo, yaye uNapoleon wanyanzeleka ukuba lirhoxe ekuhlaselweni ngakumbi. Xa historiography Koloni eyasekwa uluvo lokuba i-French iphumelele Idabi Borodino, nangona eli bango samkelwe umlinganiselo. Zesayensi yasekhaya mihla kucingelwa ukuba umlo yaphelela draw, ekubeni kungekho namnye amaqela sele bengekafiki njongo.

Battle of Maloyaroslavets naphezu Berezina

Isakhono umkhosi Russian yabonisa iimfazwe ezinkulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngo-1812. Table ukulwa basic thaca kolu phononongo, ngokulandelelana kwazo. October 12 Maloyaroslavets wathabatha kwidabi entsha ebonisa ukuzimisela yomkhosi IsiRashiya ukuya kwidabi.

amaxesha amaninzi idolophu encinane ezongezelelekileyo elutshabeni, kodwa ekugqibeleni, uNapoleon wagqiba siphumele, njengoko phantse kuthinjwa.

Ixabiso le kushenxa Kutuzov ayikwazi nemikhuba: kodwa akazange avumele utshaba kwiphondo wasezantsi, kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele endleleni ESmolensk bahlukunyezwe. Komdlalo enkulu wokugqibela kwenzeka ekupheleni uNovemba, xa uNapoleon wanyanzeleka ukuba ukubetha iyindawo ucaphula evela kwilizwe ngaphesheya komlambo.

Ngeli kokurhoxa isiFrentshi wabandezeleka ilahleko enkulu, ukanti * uKhesare ikwazile ukugcina yokulwa-ukulungele inxalenye yomkhosi wakhe.

Ukubala

On iiklasi ezimbini, kungakuhle ukuba ukuhlola othi "amadabi eziphambili kweMfazwe Patriotic ka-1812". Ngokufutshane (Le theyibhile ingezantsi ukhankanya ezinye amadabi kange afakwe kwesi sifundo), le nto kungcono ukuba niyinikele ngendlela zixinaniswe ngemihla.

Ngoko ke, imfazwe kwiMfazwe Patriotic ka-1812 ezingqina izakhono zobuchule ze-ngqwayi zomkhosi Russian kunye inkuthazo yamajoni abaye baphumelela uloyiso phezu komkhosi uNapoleon wakhawuleza ingqalelo gidi.