Military zeeteksi Russia: History and Modernity

Igama elithi "irenki yomkhosi" ithetha isikhundla abahlala amajoni emkhosini kunye wenqanawa namanye amajoni. Nasiphi na isihloko busenza ukuba ukuba umphathi wayo amalungelo athile noxanduva, leyo ilawulwa imithetho kunye nemigaqo zomkhosi.

kwabonakala gaba Military, abanyamalalayo, ekhulisa kunye uphuhliso karhulumente kunye noluntu. Ngokufunda imbali yazo, ungafunda okuninzi malunga nophuhliso semkhosini zeLizwe.

Isihloko yokuqala ukuvela eRashiya emva XII-XIII iinkulungwane., Nangona emkhosini zingakotshwa ngokuba twa. Kakhulu, bona ezikhethiweyo na indawo yolawulo. Phantsi impembelelo ye-Tatar-Mongols eRashiya kukho ezifana ezintlwini mikhosi desyatsky, Constable, tysyatsky, kodwa zikhona Yonke oozilawuli ezilungiswe nentloko le okanye ukuba inani labantu. Ngendlela, ukuba kamva waba nempumelelo ngokwaneleyo ukusebenzisa Cossacks efanayo.

Ezintlwini yokuqala Russian ngokwenene zomkhosi kwasuka 1647, xa Alexis samkelwa lokuqala eli lizwe imimiselo zomkhosi. Lo mthetho ke kuyimfuneko kuba ngeli xesha, kunye nomkhosi yemveli indima ngakumbi ukuziphendulela lizwe aqalisa ukudlala abatoli kunye ebizwa ngokuba "kwi kwinkqubo entsha." Zonke izintlu emkhosini Charter ziye zohlulwa iindidi ezimbini - esiqhelekileyo kunye ngokubethwa, ngubani na eneneni zifana amagosa namhlanje. Apha ivuthwe esele isetyenziswa kule xesha isihloko Colonel, polupolkovnik, uLieutenant. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII kwi umkhosi Russian aqalile ukusebenzisa isihloko jikelele, uBrigadier kunye, ngaxeshanye kunye polupolkovnikom uqalisa iyakusetyenziswa yaye eziqhelekileyo ngakumbi oluphezulu - sombutho.

Indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo odola ezintlwini zomkhosi kumkhosi Russian eyadlalwa ukwazisana 1722 yi uPetros Itheyibhile sezikhundla. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu lwazisa uluhlu ecacileyo lwezihloko, bebotshiwe imisebenzi ethile. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiTheyibhile kuquka kuphela ezintlwini zomkhosi, beqalela igosa eliyintloko, ezintlwini eziphantsi kulawulwa imimiselo efanelekileyo.

Inkalo ebalulekileyo yomkhosi Russian kukuba ifunyenwe kwi Guards isihloko ingqalelo ngeenotshi ezimbini ngaphezu koko ababebafumene eqhelekileyo units zomkhosi. Le meko namandla de 1884, xa zonke ezintlwini zomkhosi Russian zaye ongalinganisekiyo imeko yabo.

Kananjalo enelungelo ambalwa ezo gunners, isihloko egqalwa elinye inyathelo ukuya ku-1884 ngaphezu kwamalungu eqhelekileyo. Oku kubenza neemfuno ezisebenza kwinqanaba lolwazi abo bakhonza kwezi nemikhosi.

gaba Military ye-USSR kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kokuba Oktobha Revolution yaba indibanisela yezikhundla umyalelo ebizwa ngokuba "iindidi service": umphathi zokucima, injengele, butho injengele, amapolisa alimwi. Kuphela 1935, ezintlwini zomkhosi, ngaphandle ezimbalwa, ziye zabuyiselwa kwifomu apho ukuba kwi Czarist eRussia. Noko ke, abanye babo baqalisa ukuba baphile ngendlela ezahlukeneyo: umzekelo, endaweni eliphethe kwindawo yentsimi elikwinqanaba liphezulu yamajoni lizwe waba Marshal eSoviet Union.

Ngaphambi kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe kunye eJamani ngowe-1940, zonke izithuba umyalelo zaye ekugqibeleni indawo yi iinjengele kunye nesikhundla Admiral, apho bekumele zingumqondiso utshintsho yomkhosi Soviet exhobileyo ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha.

gaba Military USSR ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic ngokwemigaqo utshintsho minor: in units Guard waqalisa ukusetyenziswa "Guard" isimaphambili baba bamashali abathetheli eliyinhloko ezahlukeneyo iintlobo umkhosi (transport, zokudubula, eyama). Ukongeza, ngo-1945 kwakukho iphezulu uluhlu entsha - Generalissimo eSoviet Union, zona zashunyayelwayo kwindalo Stalin.

gaba Military USSR yaba isiseko izihloko emkhosini namhlanje Russian. Ngelo xesha, ngenxa yokuba i yokugqibela ngalo mzuzu yokuvuselelwa wamajoni bayiyeka ezintlwini kunye namagosa isigunyaziso. Isihloko elinye yesibini, nangona kukho cishe akukho wabelwa.