Ifilosofi nenzululwazi: ezifanayo nezahlukileyo. Zeziphi izinto afana ngazo bulumko nenzululwazi?

Njani na bulumko nenzululwazi? Iimfano neeyantlukwano iinkalo ezimbini kuqhubeka ukuba kuxoxwe zizazinzulu kunye nabaphandi. Ubukhulu becala ke ngokunxulumene ulwazi oosonzululwazi kunye iinkcuba.

imvelaphi

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba BC e Greece wamandulo bulumko nenzululwazi. Iimfano neeyantlukwano eyayifumaneka ngelo xesha lamandulo. Ekuqaleni bulumko kwavela njenge yesayensi izifundo zonke izinto. In abami isixeko-yaqala ukubonakala Academy. Baba iqonga lokuxoxa imigwebo ezahlukeneyo bafunda abantu. Baye ngokuba zobulumko - ngolwimi yesiGrike "ngabazithandayo ubulumko."

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, isixa ulwazi luye lwanda. Ngokuthe ngcembe bayishiya kwintanda-bulumko nenzululwazi zokuqala ezizimeleyo, ezifana physics. Izazinzulu abaye nzulu kwisifundo ayithandayo, wadala sisikolo semfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa. Science kuye kwavela ngexesha zobulumko bafika kwisigqibo sokuba olu lwazi - ukwazi into oluzinzileyo rhoqo. Wamelana iimbono abucala - lokuqaphela kunye neengxoxo athile abantu na noba hayi.

interrelation

Sciences ezithile ukufunda iinkalo ezithile zobomi. Philosophy umanyanisa konke, yaye ngoko ke iinkalo ezibalulekileyo abanemfundo. Kanjalo amaGrike amandulo. Ngokomzekelo, ukususela abathetha ixesha wathelekisa zemvelo bulumko: owokuqala wasikhangela uhlobo kunye nemithetho yayo,-bulumko kwaeso sigqubuthelo indalo nje kuphela kodwa yabantu. Lenza ngaphaya ulwazi elimxinwa.

Ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga zifana-bulumko nenzululwazi, baqhubeka kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. Wesuka kakhulu kutshanje isikolo positivism kunye nemfundiso abangabaxhasi bakaMarx wazama ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo. Abaxhasi ezi mbono bakholelwa ukuba ilungelo lokuba khona na uhlobo kuphela bulumko, olusekelwe phezu lwesayensi. Ngaba yinto practice?

indlela Jikelele eziya kuqinisekisa ukufana-bulumko nenzululwazi, kwaye sele nto saqulunqwa. Izifundo ezininzi ngalo mbandela olwenziwe Husserl. Yena waba yimbangi thiyori 'intanda njenge inzululwazi enzima. " Kodwa yena abalandeli bakhe ukuba bakwazi ukufezekisa iziphumo eyanelisayo kweli cala. Philosophy nezenzululwazi, iimfano neeyantlukwano ezo ingakumbi ngokusondeleyo bafunda kwinkulungwane XX, yabangela imfundiso ngezokuzimela. postulates zakhe nje agxininisa ukuba ezi iinkalo ezimbini ayinanto yakwenza omnye komnye.

imida yolwazi

Zeziphi izinto afana ngazo bulumko nenzululwazi? Ngokukhethekileyo, bona iindlela ukwazi izinto. Noko ke, iindlela zabo kunye neenjongo zahlukile kakhulu. Science ulinganiselwe, oko uhlolisisa kuphela ezo izinto ngaphakathi Iwawo elimxinwa. Ifilosofi njengoko kungekho imida, lifaka zonke izinto. ulwazi olunjalo mfiliba, oko akuyi isekelwe kwizibakala ezicacileyo.

Iimfano neeyantlukwano phakathi bulumko nenzululwazi njengoko kunokubonwa ngokunxulumene empiricism. Umzekelo, physics kanye eziphilayo yayingeyonxalenye amava kunye amalinge kubalulekile, njengoko ngaphandle kwabo akunakwenzeka ukungqina nayiphi na imfundiso. Kwintanda-bulumko ezi zinto ndijongelwe.

kuphakanyiswa

ukuyala Scientific zahlukile kakhulu omnye komnye. Oku kungenxa yokuba ihlabathi inzima kakhulu - kukho ezininzi i ngamacetyana. Ngokuba elowo kubo kukho inzululwazi yayo. Umzekelo, physics nemathematika anxulumene ngokusondeleyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ukuba azinanto yakwenza noluntu. Philosophy nezenzululwazi, iimfano neeyantlukwano ezinokuthi zibe abangaboniyo sihlolisise umzekelo lweemeko ezahluka-hlukeneyo, singafani into yokuba omkhulu, kwaye eyesibini lokuqala ezahlukeneyo iyachithwa.

Izazinzulu bayathanda kuba exakeke kwimigangatho yawo elimxinwa. Baye umdla kangako ngendlela umsebenzi wabo kubonakaliswe ulwazi lwenzululwazi jikelele. Zobulumko zisoloko wazama iingcamango zabo ukugubungela lonke elimiweyo yonke imithetho kuphikisana yayo. Ezinjalo Aristotle, Hegel, kant kunye nezinye iinkcuba ezininzi adumileyo uluntu.

asaba phuza

umahluko ebalulekileyo bulumko nobunzululwazi zezona ngokunxulumene mba zezifundo zabo. Iinkcuba zama ukuchaza kuphela ndikhulile, kodwa "akukho nto" ukuxhomekeka - into engaphaya lokuqonda koluntu. Izifundo isayensi kuphela noko ekhona.

Non-ntle yindawo ebalulekileyo kuzo zonke izikolo bulumko, beqalela kwihlabathi lamandulo. E China kunye India (omnye ephucuke kakhulu zehlabathi) "akukho nto" yaba sisiseko esisiseko nayiphi na imfundiso. Isimo sengqondo esifanayo eyayikho bulumko Koloni. Kwabo "akukho nto" kubaluleke kakhulu kuba yenye amalaphu, leyo ingasetyenziswa ukufumana isiseko konke ukho. Zefilosofi kuwo wonke umlando baye bazama iindlela ezininzi ukufumana ezinye ngokupheleleyo - ulwazi olubanzi. Iinzululwazi akazibandakanyi kwiiprojekthi ezinjalo. Ziphengulula izibakala ezithile mbandela. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo iimfano neeyantlukwano-bulumko, inzululwazi nonqulo kwakhona kwenziwe ngokunxulumene phelele.

Objectivism kunye subjectivism

Yintoni enye babe bulumko efanayo kunye nenzululwazi? Common kubo kukuba bobabini yokuba umsebenzi yengqondo ngokwasengqondweni. ngenxa lwabo luboniswa kwiinkqubo ezithile. Isiphumo imisebenzi enjalo isoloko ezahlukeneyo. NezeNzululwazi ukuba njongo. Oku uxhomekeke kuphela izibakala owomileyo. Iziphumo zophando olunzulu kunye nokulinga asisiseko of iithiyori zenzululwazi. inzuzo zazo eziphambili kukuba kwenziwa kuphela ulwazi engenabuntu.

Philosophy nayo uzama ukuba ingakhethi cala, kodwa ukususela phakathi izifundo zakhe kusoloko umntu, iingcali zefilosofi ayikwazi ngaphandle iziphumo yomsebenzi wayo, izimvo kunye ngokunxulumene ndoda ukuba kwisifundo kufundwa. isikhundla yentanda nawuphi nzulu ngezinto isekelwe iimpikiswano ukuba zahluke kakhulu nezesayensi. Ngoko ke, nayiphi na ifilosofi a luluvo priori. Ezinxulumene oku kukuba ngaphakathi apho kukho izikolo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfundiso, ngokufuthi ekuphikiseni omnye. Ngesayensi, oku kungabi. Ukuba zezenzululwazi kunye izibakala Makazicikide ithiyori, ezihlangwini zakhe kuya kufuneka Babengabalelani kuyo imisebenzi yabo. Zobulumko kwakhona ukwala kwaye ukukhanyela omnye nomnye. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye kwinkulungwane XX, wakhanyela amava ezikolo yaseYurophu kwenkulungwane XIX, njalo-njalo. D.

Indima intanda kwinzululwazi

Ifilosofi nesayensi musa nje iimfano neeyantlukwano. Lukwa yinxalenye omnye komnye. Le mbono zokuqala zenzululwazi ziye zakhiwa kwimigaqo-bulumko. Nkqu Izazinzulu zanamhlanje zisebenzisa ezo ndlela ngolwazi, ezasekwa kuqala kuvavanywe nkqu zo yamandulo eGrisi. Kwaye akukho ayiphikisani.

Philosophy - a ubuchule nolwazi, logic, scheme-bulumko. Konke oku yakha isiseko yehlabathi jikelele nolwazi lwenzululwazi. Ayikho inzululwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ndlela zikhankanywe ngasentla ukuqonda kwaye baziqonde iinkqubo zehlabathi. Ngenxa yoko, ezinye izenzo bulumko zomculo anyanisileyo azo naluphi na uphando lwezenzululwazi. Ukukwazi ukucinga isondlo, wabeka amacandelo inkqubo ibe umfanekiso single - zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo ukuze izazinzulu.