Ifom ye yingisela. Ingcinga, iintlobo kunye neentlobo iintengiselwano

Concept, iintlobo kunye neentlobo intengiselwano emiselwe Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Umthetho umisela ukuba intengiselwano kunokuba ngomlomo okanye ezibhaliweyo. Ukubhala, ke, ngaba nohlulwe: uhlobo elula ebhaliweyo intengiselwano kunye ifomu leyo ifuna notarization.

Yintoni ibitheni

Ingcamango kunye nohlobo imicimbi echazwe kwi Civil Code of Russia. Kwangalo yonke imisebenzi zabantu zomthetho okanye yendalo, nto leyo ikhokelele ekwenzeni kukwenzeka okanye ukupheliswa imisebenzi kunye namalungelo abemi, ngokunjalo utshintsho yabo. Kule fomu yemicimbi kumthetho wembambano, umthetho ezahlukeneyo.

Intengiselwano kufuneka zingahlukaniswa kwizenzo zolawulo. Ukuba isizathu yokuqala amalungelo athile kunye nezibophelelo phakathi kwabantu kunye abenzi bobubi abo, le yokugqibela ekudaleni nezibophelelo abantu ayamileyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba intando yabo.

Bethenga ukuthanda amalungu ayo, esenokuba yangaphakathi, oko kukuthi, lowo elivumelana iinjongo weli qela nangaphandle, leyo ichazwe ngamazwi, izenzo. Kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda isiqulatho ngaphakathi ngokuthanda komntu, ngoko ugwetywa ngezenzo zalo lwangaphandle. Noko ke, kude kubaluleke kakhulu iqhotyoshelwe kule zangaphakathi yabantu. Ukuba kuboniswa ukungaboni babo wabonakala yangaphandle lomyolelo, isivumelwano kusenokwenzeka mthethweni. Ngokomzekelo, umntu omdala ofuna ukuthengisa indlu yakho, kodwa ngenxa yokungazi yomthetho okanye nkohliso ngakwicala bakhi basayina isivumelwano lomnikelo. Ukuba inkundla iya kunika ubungqina ngeenjongo zakhe oyinyaniso, intengiselwano luya kurhoxiswa.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ibinzana elithi "intengiselwano" ibonwa embi kuluntu. Kodwa enika intsingiselo zokuziva eli gama ayingqinelani ubunyani umxholo wakhe osemthethweni.

Intengiselwano phezu kwingongoma nganye yaloo ezahlukeneyo semthethweni ukusuka kakubi. Le phambili yokugqibela ukuba ububi umonakalo amaqela esithathu. Nangona izenzo ezinjalo mthethweni zibandakanya amalungelo oluntu kunye neemfanelo, yimfuneko ngolungiso, bona ongaphumiyo deal. amalungelo kunye neemfanelo okunjalo ubunyani umonakalo (tort) kuvuka.

Ukuze kuthenga ezisemthethweni, akukho mfuneko ukuba ziqwalaselwe ngqo ngumthetho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba zange ukubuphikisa bahlukumeze nezithintelo.

Ndandisithi engundoqo imicimbi - ukuthanda amalungu ayo, ngoko musa akubanyamezeli abemi babo ikhomishini ogula.

iintlobo yentengiselwano

Iintlobo kunye neentlobo ukuthenga ezahlukeneyo. Of the Code Civil ubonelela ukuba amaqela itransekshini inokuba ezininzi (ngaphezu kwe ezimbini), kusenokubakho amabini (transaction amabini) okanye, jikelele, kuphela omnye (intengiselwano ngomoya omnye).

Luphawulwa ezi mpawu zilandelayo okunye:

1. Intengiselwano jongani isiphumo esithile ukusuka kwindawo esemthethweni umbono.
2. Ehamba a izenzo ezinamandla-ezithandwa amaqela.
3. Ukuzibophelela ngabantu abanobuchule.
4. Nazo zonke iimfuno zemithetho.

Ukukhetha, bethenga umntu, amalungelo nezibophelelo leyo akhiwa okanye ekupheleni. Umthetho umisela ukuba abantu abalolu hlobo banokwenza kukhupha amandla igqwetha isivumelwano iqela lesithathu. Ukongeza, intengiselwano ngokunxulumene nomntu abanokulenza ngokusekelwe umthetho onjalo okanye amanye amanyathelo. Ngokomzekelo, enye intengiselwano ngokunxulumene abazali babantwana abasebancinane okanye umgcini kwiwadi lakhe.

Intengiselwano eyenziwa liqela elinye

transaction unilateral siya kuvuzwa zizenzo apho intsebenzo ukuthanda ezaneleyo yomntu omnye. Umzekelo, umyolelo okanye sithathwa i elirhoxisa amalungelo, ukupheliswa amandla egqwetha ezikhutshiweyo ngaphambili. Uphawu imicimbi enjalo kukuba bakholisa kuchaphazela amalungelo umntu owenza loo nto. On abanye abakwazi zingawisi naluphi na izibophelelo.

Nakuba kunjalo, ilungelo amaqela angaphandle ukunyanzelisa transactions unilateral basengaba, yaye kubo aba bantu, ukuze nokumazi. Xa ebhala i efanayo ethanda indlalifa elizayo zinokude akayiboni loo nto. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi iintengiselwano ukuba izibophelelo phantsi apho abo elenzayo, babe agqithisileyo. kuvela ezi zibophelelo xa kukhutshwa inqaku promissory.

Ngaba ezinjalo iintengiselwano ukumisa noxanduva kubantu besithathu. Umzekelo, ukuba ityala ukuxolelwa.

nezahlulo ngamacala amabini namaninzi

Ezinye iindidi zezenzo ezijolise ukutshintsha amalungelo noxanduva xa ebandakanya amaqela amabini okanye ngaphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuba izivumelwano. Ukuziqhelisa, izivumelwano ezinjalo ongathi uthunyelwe kuyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: Izivumelwano, izivumelwano, njalo-njalo. Ezi ntlobo yentengiselwano na isivumelwano sobonelelo, umnikelo, kwisivumelwano kwinkcazelo izabelo nesakhiwo salo lonke, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Ezinye iintlobo intengiselwano zokubonisana kufuneka zingahlukaniswa unilateral. Ukuze wenze ukuba ukuba isivumelwano akuyomfuneko kuphela ukuba afumane oko akufunayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba izenzo onke amaqela kwavunyelwana phakathi kwabo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ekuphelisweni ikhontrakthi yokuba isipho, elinye iqela ufuna ukunika into iqela yesibini, yaye umele ukwamkela esi sipho. Apha, icala lokuqala inyathelo elithatyathiweyo yaye yavunywa yi kwelinye icala, ngoko ke, intengiselwano iya kuba abambiseneyo. Ukuba, umzekelo, ummi ukwenza umyolelo, yaye emva kokufa kwakhe enye, wabonisa kolu xwebhu, ifumana ilifa, ebamkele isiqinisekiso ohambelana izivumelwano, ukuba akukho sivumelwano, kodwa iintengiselwano eziliqela ezilandelelanayo unilateral, nangona iziphumo (yenguqu impahla indlalifa) ingqinelana ukuthanda omabini amaqela.

Nangona kunjalo, kuba kwisivumelwano luphawulwa sisenzo-kabini ezibini zamalungu ayo - isiphakamiso esiphelweni ukususela ekuqaleni, ukwamkelwa esi sindululo yi-yokugqibela. Umthetho we-Russian Federation izenzo ezinjalo kuthiwa, ngokulandelelana, sipho nokuzamkela.

Izivumelwano ukuze kwahlulwa ibe imbangela engabonwa. Umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zilandelayo. iintengiselwano kobude ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo isiseko, ukuba kwayo. Umzekelo kunjalo xa umthengi esenza yombane ukuya evenkileni yempahla ezithengiweyo. Ukuba le mveliso aziyi kusiwa uyinikezelwayo, ngoko ke Isitolo engasekho onelungelo lokusebenzisa eyenziwe ngayo imali.

Kweentengiselwano abstract, phezu koko, ukunyaniseka kwabo akuxhomekekanga kwi sizathu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezifana iintengiselwano ziquka iintshukumo okutshintshela izibambiso, nokukhutshwa kwabo iziqinisekiso zebhanki, eyilwayo zokunaniselana, nezinto ezinjengezo.

Intengiselwano phantsi komqathango

Le meko, ngokubhekiselele kwimicimbi, unokuba intsingiselo ngaphezu kwesinye. Okokuqala, le meko kumiselwa ngamalungelo kunye neemfanelo zamaqela. Okwesibini, imeko - enyanisweni leyo nokuqalisa nawaphi na amalungelo nezibophelelo.

Ukuba intengiselwano waqukumbela ebonisa iimeko ekufuneka yenzeke, ngoko uya kubizwa ngokuba eqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, nxaxheba bavumelana intengiso imoto ukuba umnini uya uye kuhlala kwesinye isixeko. Imeko kule mvumelwano iya kuba ihamba okanye hayi ihamba umnikazi imoto.

Kwezi ntengiselwano imeko kusamele ukufezeka elizayo, ngokungathi kwenzeka phambi intengiselwano ayikwazi, kuchaphazela sivumelwano amaqela '.

Amaqela ngokwabo imisele ukuba iimeko zibekwa. Kusenokuba kwizimanga zendalo, kwaye ukuziphatha kwamaqela wesithathu, kunye nezenzo-nxaxheba. Nangona kunjalo, le meko akanakubekwa naliphi na inyathelo ezingafanelekanga okanye ezingekho mthethweni. Enye imeko lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe entle okanye embi. Eso entle ingabangelwa imeko ilandelayo - ikontraki kulungise ndawo, ukuba unako ukufumana izinto eziyimfuneko kwimibutho yabasebenzi. Negative - ikontraki kulungise uphahla lwendlu ngexesha ifunekayo, ukuba oko kuya imvula.

Ukongeza, iintengiselwano zeemeko ezithile zahlulwe uphuculo phantsi imeko resolutive okanye suspensive. Eyokuqala umisela amagunya kunye nezibophelelo zamaqela ngexesha lokuvalelwa kwabo, yaye ngexesha kukuvela kweemeko ezicacisiweyo. Okwesibini, kwelinye icala, uthi thaca amalungelo noxanduva nxaxheba ngexesha lesivumelwano, kodwa bona benza nje ngaphambi kokuqala kweemeko.

Kweentengiselwano kunye nefomu yabo

Ukuze izenzo zamaqela bafumana ukubaluleka zabo zomthetho kunye neziphumo yabangela, kufuneka kumqalekisa ngohlobo zentengiselwano, eyasekwa yi-mthetho. Ukuba intengiselwano ne-thethwano, oko kuya kuthathwa ngomlomo. Kuba ngomlomo kwaye ziquka imicimbi enjalo, oko kwanele ukwenza izenzo ezithile okanye nje cwaka. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufuneka kube ilungelo enikezelwe ngumthetho okanye isivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela.

umthetho Russian yachaza Kwiimeko apho indlela elula bethenga emalifakwe okanye izivumelwano. Kodwa okunye yomlomo akukho bungqina ngqo. yoko kucingwa ukuba intengiselwano inokugqityezelwa ngomlomo, ngaphandle kokuba ummiselo okanye isivumelwano se-nxaxheba ayiboneleli ifomu ebhalwe kuyo.

uhlobo Oral esivumelwano ubandakanya ukwenziwa intengiselwano kunye. Oko kukuthi, ukuba amaqela avumelene ukuba enze intengiso kwezinye izinto, kunye nokudluliselwa yayo kwaye intlawulo kufuneka kwenziwe ngaxeshanye. Ukuba intlawulo yenziwe ngezavenge okanye ithenge ngetyala, kufuneka angene kwisivumelwano esibhaliweyo.

Naluphi na utshintsho kunye nokupheliswa zibe ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka senziwe kwifomu enye yena. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukuxolelwa. Umzekelo, ukuba isivumelwano semali-mboleko iya kuba ngokuzoba up iirisithi ngencwadi ebhaliweyo, ekwenzeni kwayo abe ngembalelwano okanye ngomlomo ngokuthi irisithi abuyele onetyala. Kulo mzekelo, ubhaliso olongezelelweyo yokuphelisa amalungelo kunye neemfanelo ezifunekayo.

Iifomu ebhaliweyo intengiselwano

Kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele ngakumbi le meko xa kusetyenziswa iintlobo ebhaliweyo kwemicimbi. Kumthetho wembambano, luhlobo intengiselwano ebekwe yi-mthetho kumatyala kuyimfuneko impikiswano ngakumbi ngokuthembekileyo ukuqinisekisa imixholo intengiselwano kunye bonke ubukho bayo. Oku kuya kunika ukhuselo olungcono kunye oluthembekileyo ngakumbi zamaqela.

Olu hlobo ukuthenga ezifunekayo izivumelwano kugqityiwe ngazo ngethuba yeshishini, kwanokuba elinye lamalungu ayo engaganwanga in ezinjalo. Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa uhlobo esibhaliweyo intengiselwano imiselwe kwi-mali. Ngaphezu ngexabiso elithile isivumelwano intengiselwano kufuneka ube ubhalwe phantsi uzimele. Code Civil umisela ixabiso kwi imali engange-10 000 ngenxa zabemi. Noko ke, lo mthetho elisekwe Kwiimeko apho le fom kufuneka ihlonitshwe kungakhathaliseki ukuba iindleko.

Kwemvumelwano uthathwa iphethwe ngokufanelekileyo babulawa, ukuba amaqela achaphazelekayo banikana iileta, imiyalezo yomnxeba, ezinye izibonelelo zonxibelelwano. Ukungqina ukuba isivumelwano eso kuphothulwe, abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka beze nawo onke amaxwebhu axhasayo kule yokuqala.

Kukho izivumelwano, xa elinye icala uthumela uxwebhu ethile kwelinye icala kunye imiyalelo ngendlela yokwenza oku. Icala ngexesha elifanayo akakwazi ukuphendula ngqo uxwebhu yakhe, ukuba athathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza (inzaliseko yalo). Umzekelo, ukuba ekuthunyelweni kwempahla, okanye ezinye izenzo. Ifom ebhaliweyo imvumelwano kwityala uya kuhlonitshwa. Apha indima edlalwe ukufundiswa ngqo ezibonelelwa yi-mthetho yoluntu.

Kuya kuthakazelelwa ukuba izivumelwano ezithile mthetho ifuna ukuba zibhalwe nje elula kuphela intengiselwano sele kubulawa, kodwa ukuyilwa kuye kwiimo ezikhethekileyo, utyikityo itywiniweyo kunye like.

Isiphumo zokungathotyelwa kunye neemfuneko neentengiselwano

Njengoko umthetho, kwimeko-zokungathotyelwa kwifomu emiselweyo usebenziswano contract ibandakanya semthethweni yayo. Noko ke, kukho ukuqonda ezimbini. Njengoko umthetho ukungathobeli jikelele le fomu ebhaliweyo amaqela kungakhokelela ukusuka yokuba esi sivumelwano siya imbala. Kodwa ke kuphela ukuba ngaba amaqela musa phikisa ukuba okunene entolongweni, kwakunye nendawo yayo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye ummi wathabatha-2 000 000 omnye, ngaphandle kokuba isivumelwano kunye nephepha, kwaye eyesibini ingabuyeli imali, nangona engaphenduli loo nto mboleko kwenzeka, wamcacisela kubo ayikho imbambano. Kulo mzekelo, le mvumelwano iya kuba semthethweni, yaye, ngokunjalo, waphula umthetho wayo kubandakanya nemiphumela kweli iqela unetyala.

Elinye icala ukuba onetyala akavumi ukuba yesivumelwano nokuba isayinwe. Isiphumo kwefom non esibhaliweyo koko iya endodeni. Enkundleni, akayi kuba nako bathembele yesingqino, ezingqina ubunyani-mboleko. Kodwa ingaba amanye amaxwebhu ebhaliweyo ukuba ukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba intengiselwano yenziwe. Kusenokuba imbalelwano, amaxwebhu intlawulo ebhankini, yaye ngaphezulu.

Kodwa ngaphandle kokuba umthetho ngokucacileyo libhekisela norm othi ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela kwifomu ebhaliweyo lungaquka zidala kwesi sivumelwano, eso senzo siya kuthathwa njengento elilize nengekhoyo, nokuba onke amaqela ukuqinisekisa yimpumelelo.

Uhlobo imicimbi yorhwebo langaphandle, okt izivumelwano phakathi kwabantu ngokusemthethweni Russia kunye nabo bamanye amazwe kufuneka ibe elula ebhaliweyo.

Ukuqinisekiswa izivumelwano

uhlobo nomlando esivumelwano isetelwe ukuba ukujonga iintlobo yayo. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ziqinisekiswe kwimemorandam izivumelwano yonxulumano. Kwakhona kusebenza umgaqo kokungabi olwaphula le fomu.

Mthetho abavumeli ulwaphulo ngokuthi lula ifomu ezisisigxina. Oko kukuthi, ukuba kukho imfuneko yokuba notarization yesivumelwano, awukwazi lula kuyo, lwathi oko ngembalelwano okanye ngamazwi. Nangona xaka le fom kwamkelekile kakhulu. Oko kukuthi, ukuba umthetho kwi ekuphelisweni imicimbi ethile avunyelwe ngohlobo lomlomo lesivumelwano, amaqela isigqibo ukukhupha oko ngembalelwano, kwaye notarize. Izenzo ezinjalo we-nxaxheba abayi esingenakubangela naliphi na ifuthe elibi kubo.

Kukho iimeko nkqu apho elinye iqela wenza izenzo ezithile, wavuma mhlawumbi ngokungaphelelanga okanye ngokupheleleyo kunye nezibophelelo phantsi isivumelwano, kufuneka isiqinisekiso yi izivumelwano. Ukuba elinye iqela ngexesha elifanayo uphepha isiqinisekiso esinjalo, abasemagunyeni enkundla ngesicelo iqela elinomdla unganokuqonda imvumelwano ezinjalo saphetha. Emva isigqibo senkundla akufuneki ukungqinisisa intengiselwano kwi izivumelwano. Nangona kunjalo, qaphela ukuba ixesha apho isicelo esinjalo, ungenza isibheno enkundleni, ukuba ngaphezu konyaka omnye.

ukubhaliswa State

izenzo olumisiweyo esemthethweni ye-Russian Federation, iimfuno ezithile yeentengiselwano ezithile yeleyo ubhaliso lwabo karhulumente. Imiphumo ngokusemthethweni imicimbi enjalo kuvela kuphela emva kobhaliso emzimbeni ogunyazisiweyo.

Ubhaliso kunceda ukusombulula imiba emininzi kwaye ebalulekileyo. Oku, njengoko kuchaziwe, ekufunyanweni yonke ungalanjathiswa. Kwakhona, uxwebhu ekhutshwe ngugunyaziwe yobhaliso iya ngokuthembekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo abathathi-nxaxheba, wegqitha kuye phantsi isivumelwano. Ukongeza, ubhaliso karhulumente ivumela abantu abanomdla simazi kakuhle imicimbi enjalo. Kakade ke, abo bantu malungelo kufuneka anikwe kwinqanaba mthetho. Oku kusebenza amagunya karhulumente, ii-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho, neminye imibutho kunye nabantu.

Ungafumana ezinye iindlela ezifana ngazo notarization iikhontrakthi nobhaliso lwabo karhulumente. Noko ke, zahluke kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba izivumelwano iqinisele lungamkeleki ngqo, ubhaliso karhulumente kuya kuxhomekeka kumalungelo obangelwe ngenxa yabo. Ngoxa ngengqiqo eqhelekileyo zonke siye sithethe malunga nokubhalisa kwiintengiselwano. Kwakhona, ukuba isivumelwano kufuna notarization, oko akuthethi ukuba kuyimfuneko ukubhalisa. Vice versa.

Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo yobhaliso emzimbeni abagunyazisiweyo itransekshini real estate. Kodwa kukho amanye amalungelo, kokuhluma, utshintsho, ukupheliswa ekufuneka zibhalwe. Umzekelo, ukuba ukuvela ilungelo lobunini kwezithuthi.

Ulwazi bokuqonda esisiseko yemithetho civil ukuchaza ingqiqo, iintlobo kunye neentlobo luya kuphela zoba kwicala lasekunene ngenjongo yazo nokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo, kodwa likhusele zihlandlo ebezingalindelekanga ezingemnandi.