Igesi Reverse. Irhasi umva ukusuka eSlovakia ukuya Ukraine

igesi Reverse - yenye ngokwemigaqo zixhaphakileyo lwezoqoqosho kunye nelwezopoliko, kuxhaphakile kakhulu kwiimpapasho kunye neendaba. Ayisiso isenzeko esitsha kwaye ke siya kubonwa kwimbali kumazwe post-eSoviet kaninzi. Zama ukuqonda ukuba kuthetha ntoni ukulungisa igesi.

Yintoni umva?

igesi Reverse - loo nto gqitha buyinto endala, impikiswano ngokubhekiselele apho kwenziwa umongameli we Yanukovych. Ukuziqhelisa, isenzeko zoqoqosho ezinxulumene izinto igesi ukubuya. Ngamanye amazwi, emva kokuba umthengi ufumana amafutha ukusuka nomthengisi, oko iyithumele yona hi ndlela leyi hambaneke. Ukuba sicinga yesigama umzekelo eUkraine, kuba luya kubalulwa ezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Oku ezinxulumene nesakhiwo Mcetywa ihlwempu sigqwethe isakhiwo ngokwayo zangeniswa isibaso. Ngamafutshane, ingqiqo kuquka ukuthengisa igesi kumthengisi, kwimeko Ukraine - Russia, kwelinye ilizwe amaxabiso aphantsi. Umzekelo, ukuba ukugqithisa ePoland, Ukraine irhasi Russian yi umva.

iimpawu zokwahlula reverse Ukrainian

izinto igesi umva ukuya Ukraine kwisiphaluka elikhethekileyo Okukodwa. Kummandla Ukraine - Russia kwendlela eya eYurophu, ekubeni nge izithuba evulelekile kufuneka uthumele irhasi kwi-EU. Xa ezithutha amafutha nje emdeni eli lizwe, inxalenye uhlala kwi "Naftogaz". Enyanisweni, ipesenti umthamo phambili amafutha (ngaphambili-10%), ubizwa ngokuba 'umva. " Ingakumbi ukuthumela imbalelwano le sokuqukuqela serhasi ngaphakathi kurhulumente kukuba eyahlukileyo, ngokukodwa yaxhobisa wegesi ukuba abuyele kwilizwe ukusuka eYurophu ayikho. A imeko apho Ukraine oovimba yesixa ngokwabo, ebizwa ngokuqhelekileyo "reverse." Ngokutsho amaxwebhu, eli lizwe ifumana umva igesi evela eSlovakia.

Thatha ujongo kwi kwicala lomthetho komba

Ngenxa yobume olunemiqathango "igesi ukubuya" eUkraine, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ukungaboni. umthetho Russian ivumela unikezelo amafutha ukusuka eYurophu kuphela xa umbhobho ngokukodwa axhotyiswe (media emzimbeni). Enyanisweni, akukho mibhobho e Slovakia ukuya Ukraine yayingekabikho kutsho ku-2014. Ngokutsho maxwebhu, irhasi uba impahla lomthengi kuphela xa unqumle kwindawo ekhethekileyo, ibekwe kwi kumda ophakathi Slovakia ne Ukraine, kwakunye namanye amazwe, ukukhonza abathengi Russian "blue" amafutha. Ukuba kukho imibhobho irhasi umva ukusuka Slovakia akayi kuba kakade ngokomthetho ngenxa yokuba kule mvumelwano esemthethweni sonikezelo amafutha ebhalwe ngokucacileyo, "Naftogaz" kule meko isebenza kuphela xa umsebenzisi. Amajelo eendaba wabonakala ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye ukupapashwa iingqikelelo malunga "kukudlulisela igesi" evela eSlovakia akazange athathe indawo. Ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba 2014 inkqubo yasungulwa, kwaye ithe gqolo ukuphuhlisa ezikhundleni luhamba ngesantya esincomekayo.

Sisiqalo intsebenziswano ngempumelelo

Agasti 16, 2014 waqala wahlola yombhobho, esele ubonelela gas eUkraine nge eSlovakia. Isigaba Uvavanyo kwakuba ngokubaleka kwaye ukuvavanya inkqubo ukuthembeka. Abameli Slovenia ngokuphindaphindiweyo baye bavakalisa iimvakalelo zabo malunga nento yokuba umbhobho zokulwa kunye nezixhobo eziza kusetyenziselwa ukuthutha kwemithombo yamandla, zonakele. Kulo ngehlobo lonyaka ophelileyo ngenxa imeko kwezixhobo ukuya kwiingcali, kwaba nzima ukuze ubale ukuba ingakanani igesi iya kuba umva evela eSlovakia. "Ukratransgaz" Le nkampani wayigqiba yonke uluhlu umsebenzi wokulungiselela kwi "Uzhgorod" isikhululo ngo Agasti 7. Zonke iimeko zidalwe ukuba igesi European, ingakumbi inani imiba isonjululwe yobugcisa ezininzi.

Qala of zihanjiswe

Irhasi reverse evela eSlovakia yasungulwa ngoSeptemba 1, 2014. Ivelufa yokuvula wathabatha ngokusesikweni indawo e Velke Kapušany. Kwaba khona iNkulumbuso Slovakia Robert Fitso Prime Minister of Ukraine Arseniy Yatsenyuk. Ekuqaleni ekuveliseni ulawulo reverse kunye indlela test. "Blue" amafutha ukuze zixhase lo lizwe kule mali ka-3 billion cubic metres. Njengoko ekuqaleni nje ngoSeptemba 2, indlela yovavanyo sele iguqulelwe ngentsebenziswano yorhwebo kunye neziqhamo yaqala. Nangona uqikelelo leyinene namhlanje, wathi ukususela ngoMatshi 1, 2015 uya kuqala ukunikezelwa enamandla ngakumbi. Kokugunyaziswa yalo mbhobho "Voyany-Uzhgorod" yimpumelelo. Ngokutsho inkulumbuso, evula akhawunti entsha yonikezelo izibaso ucuthe ipesenti ukuxhomekeka Ukraine phezu eRashiya. Wadibana 40% ngeemfuno amafutha karhulumente. Kucetywa ukuba ukugqiba amandla ukhuseleko Ukraine 100%. iindleko ezinkulu lwabiwo liye yancitshiswa ngenxa yokuba iye yaba igesi yaseYurophu kuthwalelwa umva. Bakhusela memorandum of eziziswe Reverse phakathi kweenkampani "Ukrtransgaz" kunye Eustream ngo-Aprili 28, 2014. format ezimbini reverse kuye kwavunyelwana:

• Small (ngaphantsi kwe 2 million cubic metres gas ngosuku).
• Enkulu (ubuncinane 30 billion cubic metres gas kunyaka ngamnye).

Igcina kuphela

Imali kwisibaso ngo-2014 yaba ukuya malunga nezigidi $ 500. Namhlanje, eli lizwe usebenzisa umva zerhasi kumazwe afana ePoland, Slovakia ne iHungary. Russia kakhulu ebekwe ukubuyisela igesi eUkraine akazange kuthwalelwa phandle, njengoko oku kuya kukhokelela ekuncipheni kakhulu imali. yaye yathathwa eqatha, ingakumbi yehla kakhulu umthamo wempahla ezisuka eRashiya eziliqela amazwe aseYurophu.

Izohlwayo on izinto igesi Russia

Russian "Gazprom", ngaxeshanye ukuya kumhla lwentsebenziswano phakathi Ukraine naseSlovakia, ngo-2014, waqala ukunciphisa ngokubonakalayo nonikezelo igesi. Xa "Moscow Echo" Ngokutsho Publishers, emva kokuqala umbhobho entsha, amafutha ezinikwe eSlovakia, kuncitshiswa ngama-25%. izenzo ezifanayo, kodwa kwicala Hungary, kwakhokelela ekubeni urhulumente ilahlekelwe yenye yemithombo zinamandla zamafutha. Emva Russia kunqunyulwa izinto ePoland, ilizwe iintsuku ezimbalwa anqunyanyiswe umva. Xa phakathi ntlekele, ekwindla yokuqala 2014, eMoscow wawabopha zonke iindlela for Ukraine. Urhulumente liseke ulwalamano kunye neqabane omtsha aseSlovakia. igesi Reverse Ukraine ukho fomathi tshembisiweke. Russia ixesha elithile kamva nje ukuqhuba ekuthumeleni ngokupheleleyo eYurophu nje emdeni Ukraine, kodwa kwandisa ngo-7%, nto leyo yenza reverse igesi ngokwenene. "Gazprom" ngumniki unamandla zepetroli "blue".

Ukufumana i scheme enye ubambiswano

Ngokuchasene nentsukaphi-thethwano kunye nokwakha ubambiswano olutsha phakathi Ukraine naseSlovakia, eRashiya wanikela isaphulelo izinto igesi ngqo Ukraine kwi mali $ 100 nge-cubic meter. Xa oku siphakamiso senziwa nje ukuba ukubala ngqo ubungakanani igesi ngokwahlukeneyo ixesha ehlotyeni nasebusika, esizokwenza ukwandisa iindleko -mali karhulumente. Loo ifomathi intsebenziswano ichithiwe. Ukuqalela ngoMatshi 1, 2015, Slovakia reverse irhasi eUkraine, ngokutsho UNN, ekusebenzeni isixa angekho ngaphantsi kwe-10 njengoko kubonakele kwinqanaba lokuqala yentsebenziswano, kwaye 14.5 billion cubic metres ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngokuphathelele nendlela yalerhasi umva namhlanje, Ukraine ukuvimbile ngaphezu kwesiqingatha iimfuno zalo amafutha. Umthamo izinto irhasi Ukraine ngenxa umva namhlanje ifikelela million 27 cubic metres yerhasi ngosuku. Ekuqaleni "Voyany-Uzhgorod" inkqubo yombhobho ukunika izinto igesi mali eemitha billion 10 metres ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngoku ukusebenza Ezinye yombhobho 4, ngokubonelela ndlela-ababini ukuhamba amafutha kwimali cubic metres 100 ezigidi abantu. Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo ngokusebenzisa lwemibhobho yelizwe kwi-avareji oko lathumela 55 billion cubic metres zepetroli "blue" eRussia kuya eYurophu.