Iimbongi Russian angaphandle kwenkulungwane ye-18

Uncwadi olukhulu Russian iquka inani elikhulu ngeentlobo. Enye kakhulu umdla kwaye sityhila ukuba umbongo. neembongi Famous yenkulungwane 18 nempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso lwayo.

Yintoni na isihobe?

Olu luhlobo ezizodwa zobugcisa, kakhulu kwaye ezininzi. Kule ncwadi ehlabathini, imibongo sele kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kude kube namhlanje ikhona kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula indlela abantu becula ndawonye iiholide bayazichwayithisa iingoma, izicatshulwa okwadala iimbongi lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18, 19 ne-20. Xa imfazwe, imigca kwimibongo uncuthu ehambelana waphakamisa komoya wobuzwe amajoni abo balwela iLizwe loobawo.

KumaXesha Aphakathi kwaba serenades ukucula ezithandwa kakhulu phantsi balcony ladies ezintle - le ndlela la madoda bazixela iimvakalelo zabo uthando. iimbongi Russian angaphandle kwenkulungwane ye-18 (kubandakanywa Friedrich Schiller noRobert Burns) wadala yobuciko umnandi evelayo kwiinkulungwane kamva isiqhelo fashion namanenekazi zobunene acengceleze imibongo abathandekayo ukuba zabo ladies iintliziyo.

Ngenxa kwisihobe ukuze ukugqithisa iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo kunye isimo, ubudlelwane kwalo iziganeko ezingqongileyo. Phakathi imisebenzi zesihobe ibalaselisa izibongo, idrama, inoveli kwimibongo. Bonke bephela, ngokuchaseneyo iprozi, kufuneka iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukulungiselela intetho yokuluka. Namhlanje, nangona isingqi ekutshintsheni ubomi, bathanda izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye ozikhethayo, imibongo uhlala neqabane ethembekile woMntu.

Ixesha ivela isihobe Russian

imibongo Russian kwavela ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe. Ukuthetha malunga edumileyo iimbongi Russian, kufuneka ukhankanye igama Simeona Polotskogo - imbongi yokuqala, imbongi Russian kunye nobungcali. Enakho umbongo amisiweyo, nto leyo ngokufanelekileyo ingqalelo kwase lo ode. neembongi Russian yenkulungwane 18 safunda lukhulu imisebenzi yakhe umdla. BakaSimon of Polotsk, njengoko imbongi inqununu yexesha lakhe, uye wadala iingqokelela ezimbini syllabic vesi. Enye inzuzo enkulu imbongi kukuba wayebangenise eMoscow buciko sedrama, ukubhala imidlalo ezintathu umoya iimfihlakalo ephakathi. Le midlalo zaye ndibano kwinkundla yakomkhulu.

izibongo Russian kwekhulu XVIII

neembongi Russian kwenkulungwane ye-18 ezisetyenziswa imisebenzi yakhe syllabic versification. Ngoko zaqhubeka izakhelo kwaye nezithethe elisekwe bakaSimon of Polotsk. Ukususela phakathi kwenkulungwane, versification syllabic indawo syllabic-tonic vesi. Abenzi bemeko- iinkqubo ezintsha zemibongo baba iimbongi ezaziwayo-kakuhle benkulungwane ye-18: MV Lomonosov, Sumarokov AP no Trediakovskii VK Akhoyo ngelo xesha ngeentlobo bakhetha i ode yokudumisa. Isazinzulu Great Russian uMikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov kwakungekho mbongi ngaphantsi emangalisayo. Ngokufuthi umsebenzi wakhe, wasebenzisa pentameter. Ngokwembono yakhe, oko pentameter mbongo, wathelela ubungangamsha ekhethekileyo nesisa. Wacela ukusetyenziswa zonke iintlobo isicengcelezo semibongo.

neembongi Russian lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18. uluhlu

1. Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev.
2. Aleksey Andreevich Rzhevsky.
3. Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov.
4. Anna Petrovna Bunina.
5. Anna Sergeevna Zhukova.
6. Andrey Andreevich Nartov.
7. Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir.
8. Vasily Petrovich Petrov.
9. Vasily izikhwenene.
10. Vasiliy Lvovich Pushkin.
11. Vasiliy Kirillovich Trediakovsky.
12. Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin.
13. Gabriel Petrovich Kamenev.
14. Ermil Ivanovich Kostrov.
15. Ivan Semonovich Barkov.
16. Ippolit Fodorovich Bogdanovich.
17. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev.
18. Ivan Petrovich Pnin.
19. Ivan Ivanovich Chemnitzer.
20. Ivan Mihaylovich Dolgoruky.
21. Ivan Perfilevich Elagin.
22. UMikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.
23. Mihail Ivanovich Popov.
24. Mihail Matveevich Heraskov.
25. UNikolay Nikitich Popovsky.
26. UNikolay Aleksandrovich eLvov.
27. Pavel Pavlovich ICOS.
28. Semon Sergeevich Bobrov.
29. Sergei Nikiforovich Marin.
30. Yakov Borisovich Knyazhnin.

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi imibongo Russian ukusuka iincwadi Russian Old ngenkulungwane ye-18

Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin ibinzana olunye ugxininise umlinganiswa esitsha iincwadi, owabakhuphayo nabo iimbongi lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18. Ziziphi indlela ezahlukene kule nkulungwane evela amanqanaba ngaphambili kwimbali uncwadi? Okokuqala, kwiincwadi yamandulo ndingekhoyo ngokupheleleyo ekuqaleni copyright. A Inani enkulu balobi akanalo igama. Ke kwakukho iincwadi nje, nto leyo obabulingana kwiimbono feudal kunye seengcamango zonqulo. Kulo mba, iincwadi Old Russian uyasikhumbuza iintsomi, apho umbhali nabo baqalisa engekhoyo. Yaba siziinkosi olukhulu ubugcisa babo, kodwa amagcisa kunye ubuntu eliqaqambileyo eyahlukileyo. Ngexesha Renaissance kwi-West, ingcamango ubuntu. Ngeli xesha kukho uncwadi elitsha, apho ekuqaleni umbhali, beza kuqala. ERashiya, ingcamango ngamnye wazalelwa phi kamva, xa elikhulu ubudala uPetros. Iimbongi benkulungwane ye-18 kunye nemisebenzi yabo aphawula ukuqala ixesha elitsha. uncwadi Russian yaba sophuhliso sesizwe ngokukhawuleza. Kwiminyaka engama-70, kukho inkqubela uncwadi, nto leyo kwamanye amazwe woyisa iinkulungwane.

Amanyathelo okuqala uncwadi Russian amaxesha mihla

Wabeka isiseko esiluqilima kweshumi nje ezintathu wembongi.

Ngowe-1729, ukususela lulusiba AD Cantemir yeza uvuthondaba yokuqala, apho wavula umkhwa entsha lonke. Ngowe-1735 VK Trediakovskii ubeka injongo ukudala uncwadi yesizwe ngokucacileyo kunye nemibongo wenza utshintsho. inkqubo Syllabic-tonic esiphakanyiswa imbongi, ivula nethuba uphuhliso imibongo Russian. ukubaluleka kwayo nobulumko, kwakunye ithuba elaneleyo ukuze uqinisekise. De kube ngoku, le nkqubo isetyenziswa amagcisa lwanamhlanje.

Ngowe-1739, MV Lomonosov kudala ode "Ngomhla Ukuthatha ka Khotin", sithembele lweenguqu Trediakovskij kuphuhliswa.

Imbongi Russian omkhulu uMikhail Lomonosov ukusungula kakhulu watshintsha inkangeleko nesimo uncwadi, indima yalo kunye nendawo kubomi zenkcubeko nezentlalo zelizwe. uncwadi lwethu uluvumile ilungelo lalo ukuze zikhona iintlobo kwimibongo "bathetha" umfundi ulwimi entsha ngokupheleleyo. Kokuba ifike iimbongi lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18. imibongo Russian kwezi bangabanye kakhulu kangangokuba ukuze izibongo kwekhulu wayenesikhundla lubalaseleyo. Kuyinto ngenxa iprozi yakhe yimpumelelo baqonda ukuba ivela 1760s waza wafumana ngexesha layo kwi 30 ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ngoko, xa babephila waza wadala indalo yabo unique AS Pushkin and NV Gogol. Emva koko, iprozi kuthatha indawo yayo yokuqala kule ncwadi.

isiphelo

Ngenxa yoko, iimbongi yenkulungwane 18 negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso kwimibongo Russian. Asetyenziswe ngayo versification syllabic imisebenzi yakhe. Ngoko zaqhubeka izakhelo kwaye nezithethe elisekwe bakaSimon of Polotsk. Abenzi bemeko-nkqubo omtsha baba enkondlo: AD Kantemir, MV Lomonosov, AP Sumarokov and VK Trediakovskii. Enkosi kubo, umbongo kuba kwenkulungwane ahlala isikhundla lubalaseleyo. Imibongo ngokuthi iimbongi Russian enkulu ngenkulungwane ye-18. Baye bahlula iintliziyo abafundi abaninzi.