Order of St. uCatherine Omkhulu: Imbali

Phakathi mabhaso ambalwa tsarist weRashiya, neenkcukacha zeposi kwixesha post-eSoviet, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka anikwe Order of St. Catherine, inkcazo kunye nembali ezibe ngumxholo kweli nqaku. Njengakwiminyaka engaphambili, yaye namhlanje kulindeleke ukuba imbeko abafazi abaye ngumbandela ezikhethekileyo phambi Russian. Noko ke, kwakukho ngaphandle enye, nto leyo eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

Ufumano lwento Ukupha uCatherine I

Ibali indlela kwakukho Order of St. uCatherine Omkhulu, into engaqhelekanga kakhulu kolwalo zemveli ebangela mbali ezithile bathandabuze phakathi kwezinye amabhaso i Petrine kwexesha. Okuhlanganiswe le mfula iphulo uPetros I, kwenziwa kubo 1711 ngokusingisele kwimpi kaFaro Turkish, yaye yaphela kakubi kakhulu kuye.

Iimeko ezifana ukuba amajoni Russian, waba phakathi kwabo umlawuli kunye nomfazi wakhe, uCatherine I, Sasingqongwe amabutho esitha. Le meko kakhulu, kodwa wafumana indlela yokuphuma uKumkanikazi wanikela ukunyoba Ottoman Commander bayo bonke ubutyebi ezininzi. Ukubonga le isenzo kusindiswa umkhosi kwintshabalalo, yaye bobabini ukusuka wokubamba nasekufeni kunokwenzeka wokumkani umfazi wakhe ngokukodwa buzinzile Order of St. Catherine.

Ukuziphatha ngokufanele uKumkanikazi

Kuyabonakala ukuba, yinto nje banentsomi, ngokuba ngenxa kwamaxwebhu agciniweyo kuyaziwa ukuba ezilikhulu elinamashumi amahlanu amawaka engange zegolide zabelwe ukunyoba abasemagunyeni ukusuka kanondyebo Turkish, ngelo xesha kwakukho isixa eyenziwe ngabantu. Ukongeza, abathatha inxaxheba kwiphulo mfula uzowenza Danish wakhumbula memoirs yakhe uKumkanikazi babephuma izivatho zayo, akunyanzelekanga ukuba abingelele, nasekusasazeni idiphozithi lwamagosa basondeleyo, xa sele beshiya engqongileyo ukuze umva.

Mhlawumbi igolide enokufa, asiyonto ukuyenza, kodwa ngokubonisa ngesiquphe ingozi umzekelo ephezulu inkalipho kunye nokuzeyisa, oko kukuthi, ngokutsho ubungqina nxaxheba kwezo ziganeko, yaba lobunganga mfuneko kwiimeko ezinjalo, inkxaso yokuziphatha, kwaye wafumana Order of St. uCatherine Omkhulu Martyr zokuziphatha ufanelwe uKumkanikazi. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kwafumaniseka ukuba nilufanele yimbeko ophezulu.

I-Order of St. Catherine: iimpawu kunye neempawu

Kweli thuba ukususela 1714 ukuya 1917, eli bhaso waba yesibini ngobukhulu phakathi kwezinye amabhaso of Russia kwaye degrees ezimbini. Eyokuqala, ebizwa i "Ozukileyo Cross", yenzelwe kuphela abantu ewonga olawulayo House. bolwesibini udidi, eyaziwa ngokuba "umnqamlezo Small okanye kavalerstvenny" iye yamiselwa ukuba abameli yezikhulu ephakamileyo. Le mbasa eli wonga banikwe ilungelo lokuba sibizwe ngokuba ladies okanye kavalerstvennogo umnqamlezo omkhulu ubezukile kakhulu.

degree ngalinye Order engqinelana ngemiqondiso kunye neenkwenkwezi, ukuba omnye njengoko iimfano neeyantlukwano ezibalulekileyo. Ngo ngo1856, * uKhesare Alexander II wakhupha umthetho ekuthi ngawo, iminqamlezo imbasa isidanga sokuqala zazihonjiswe kunye iidayimani, kwaye eyesibini - yedayimani.

Ngeli xesha olandelayo embindini emnqamlezweni, ihonjiswe ngokudangazela ngegolide, wabeka medallion ehleli uCatherine. Xa ezandleni saint yabekwa umnqamlezo enkulu umnqamlezo encinane embindini, kunye Palm.

Phezu kwentloko yakhe, kwathiwa basisishunqulelo CBE, nto leyo eyayitheth - St. Velikomuchenitsa n. Enye abbreviation, ezibandakanya iileta DSFR, ezotywe emnqamlezweni enkulu, liqulethe oku oonobumba yokuqala ibinzana Latin Domine, salvum fac regum, gama elo elithetha "Makadle ubomi ukumkani."

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba oko yabakho kunye ngasemva emnqamlezweni. Uye wabeka umfanekiso njengexhalanga, lutshwebeleza, ndibatshabalalise inyoka kwi emazantsi inqaba, phezu baso indlwane kunye amantshontsho. Apha kwakukho umbhalo Latin, le nguqulelo kwakungathi "Xa imisebenzi xa kuthelekiswa kunye nomyeni wakhe." Wayefanele ukugxininisa ngumbandela zobuqu imbasa.

Embindini i esiliva star-etsolo ezisibhozo Sash yaba medallion zajikeleza intsimi ebomvu, nto leyo baboniswa umnqamlezo, yabakho umbhalo - ". Kuba Uthando Lezwe" La mazwi aba luphawu yoMyalelo.

Isithethe esekwe uCatherine I

De kokufa Peter I, balandela, ngowe-1725, oko wawongwa uMyalelo no. Le isiko elidala uCatherine I, ngubani ilifa etroneni kwaye unikwe umyalelo yeentombi yomyeni wakhe ongasekhoyo - Anna kunye Elizabeth (kwakhona kamva wafumana isithsaba Russian). Ngethuba lokulawula kwakhe buphuma yokuhlonipheka kunikwa abantu ezisibhozo ukusuka kwisangqa ephezulu enkundleni.

Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, eyathatha iminyaka emibini, i-Order of St. Catherine yaba bhaso liphezulu ladies grand abafumana ayikho kuphela (hayi kangako) ayisebenzisileyo ekusincedeni kwakhe, kodwa njengebhaso ekubulalekeni kwabo abayeni babo aye ofisi iphakamileyo zoluntu. Eli siko sele igcinwe kwiminyaka elandelayo.

Awards ezifunyenwe ngokuzalwa kunye neenkonzo ezizodwa

Nangakumbi waphakamisa ubume Order loMlawuli noPawulos, akuba yapapashwa ngo-1797 umthetho, njengoko leyo, ukuba anikwa nganye ozelwe Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya, oko kukuthi, enye intombi kumkani olawulayo. Ekubeni akwa Russian kaninzi azakubalulwa i ukuchuma umona, inani amabhaso kamva landa kakhulu. Bonke oonyana yookumkani, ebamkele isihloko wokuzalwa weenkosana enkulu, wawongwa Order of St. Andrew.

Hi ndlela leyi, lo mmiselo eqalwe bytuyuschey mihla isithethe ukunxiba baby amantombazana pink ezineeribhoni namakhwenkwe - oluhlaza, okuhambelana umbala umbhinqo iindwalutho grand kunye duchesses.

Le ndawo enikezela Order - status layo - engakhankanywanga ngokungqalileyo, kuba kufuneka ukuba uhlobo lomnikelo, ke ngoko, ilungelo lokuzikhethela abaviwa yanikwa kukumkani. idla zinikwa abantu abaye bazibalula kwinkalo yemfundo karhulumente okanye nothando. Lidla efunyenwe iminikelo enkulu, eyenziwe ukuze ngentlawulelo amaKristu ekuthinjweni iqaba, kwakunye ingqalelo emagqabini ebino yeSikolo imali Noble eziNtombini.

Ukupheliswa kunye nemvuselelo elandelayo noMyalelo

Lo mkhuba waqhubeka de iziganeko ezimangalisayo zenzeka 1917. Ngaphantsi kwenyanga emva kokuthatha amandla, kwiBolsheviks wapheliswa eli bhaso, ngenxa yokuba injongo kuphela ukuba abameli iklasi baziintshaba kubo. Evuselela Order of St. Catherine kakade imihla yethu yangummiselo esikhutshwe ngoMeyi 2012. Russian uMongameli nguDmitry Medvedev. Namhlanje, njengokuba ngaphambili, yenye yamabhaso aphezulu kweli lizwe.

Order of Saint Catherine ngegorha Omkhulu (Russian Federation)

Makhe bemiyo phezu yokuba namhlanje Iwongwa esekwe yi Peter I. Le entsha, efanayo ne prototype yayo yembali Order of St. Catherine (RF) iye inkwenkwezi umqondiso ngohlobo i medallion neqanda ibekwe embindini isiliva-gilt ukuwela. ekupheleni ngalinye umnqamlezo yenzelwe njenge imitha ezine zegolide zinokuhonjiswa njengezivatho kwaye yahlulwa yi ngedayimani ezimbini. medallion Central engqongwe nezidanga amakhonkco entle isiqabu, Bathiwe wambu wayesebenzisa eblowu wayesebenzisa azotywe kuyo umfanekiso iSt.

Inxalenye eliphezulu babonelelwa nomfuziselo ngomsesane, phezu kwawo emxinwa nkqo ngakumbi isakhelo ahombise diamond usapho uyila umgca othe nkqo. Yawela tape umsesane, babekwa ngendlela isaphetha, ninxibe isigcina-ngasemva ifowuni ukuba lokunithumelela ukuba iimpahla. Nakumfuzelo ineenkalo ka-45 x 40 eemilimitha kwaye zigxunyekwe sesilika moire tape ebomvu ukuba isilivere udini discontinuous.

Ibheji Order of St. Catherine ingqamana i nkwenkwezi ezisibhozo isilivere embindini apho ibekwe khona medallion esibusazinge ngombala obomvu kunye nomfanekiso likaRhulumente ngumfuziselo Russian Federation, engqongwe umda kunye nombhalo "Ngokuba inceba".

Le ukuba batye

NgoSeptemba 2012, i-Order of St. Catherine, ifoto apho linikwa kwi nqaku yokuqala yanikezelwa umntu. Isigqibo karhulumente Luzuko ungummi lwe Liechtenstein Fall-Fein Edward Aleksandrovich ngenxa yegalelo laso eliphum 'ukugcinwa amangcwaba zelifa lenkcubeko eRashiya, kwakunye nemisebenzi wesisa, koluntu kunye uxolo.