Iimephu Legend. Symbols zeemephu emzimbeni ngokwezelizwe

Imephu - a nokuphungulwa imodeli ngaphantsi komhlaba (umhlaba uphela okanye icandelo ngamnye) sakhiwa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo igridi kunye neempawu ezithile. Phezu kwabo kuya kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku. Zeziphi iisimboli iimaphu? Nokuba zingaphi iintlobo ndawonye?

Imephu nokubaluleka kwayo

Imephu - ingumzekelo encinci ngaphantsi komhlaba kunye rhoqo zezibalo. Ngoko ke, ngaxeshanye, kunye sixhobo, kwaye ngenxa umsebenzi esiphambili nomphandi. iimephu Geographical ukuba indawo ebanzi isifundo kwaye zisetyenziswa kumacandelo amaninzi ezoqoqosho. Ngelo xesha linye kufuneka ngqo, eneenkcukacha nengafihliyo.

iimephu Geographical zihlelwa:

• isikali;
• Ukuhlanganisa indawo;
• isiqulatho;
• baqeshwe.

Iiplastiki entsonkothileyo yaye weendawo, large- amancinci, zemfundo, zenzululwazi, zemfundo kunye yabakhenkethi.

Ukuba le ncwadi yenziwe ukuya koonobumba namagama, imephu ngokwezelizwe - zabalinganiswa ezizodwa. Uze ufunde ngokuchanekileyo ngaphandle emephini okanye kuyilo le ndawo nje akunakwenzeka. Zeziphi iisimboli iimaphu? Yaye khangela njani? Makhe sibone kunye.

Njani imifanekiso, iimaphu

Mountains, amachibi, amahlathi, iindawo zokuhlala kunye neendlela - zonke ezi zinto eboniswe kwi iimephu ngoncedo iimpawu ezithile kunye neesimboli. Oku kunokuba imigca, kwimigca echokoziweyo, iimilo zejiyometri okanye imizobo elula. Isikhundla yeesimboli iimephu nako kuthwalelwa phandle ngoncedo umbala okanye mnyama. labels Text nazo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngokubanzi.

Imiqondiso geographical CT t amele inkqubo iimpawu eyenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo umzobo zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa zonke iintlobo zezinto, iziganeko, iinkqubo, kunye neempawu - ubunjani kunye neenkcukacha zamanani. Amaxesha amaninzi, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba lamandulo imephu.

iimephu Legend kufuneka kube lula ukufunda. Le yenye yeemfuno ezibaluleke kakhulu, elisuke ukuba kwakhiwe naziphi na amakhadi. Kufuneka waqonda kakuhle esweni kwaye kulula ukuba ukukhumbula. Yiloo nto iisimboli ezininzi embhoxo kwimboniselo Wazichaza ezizizifundo okanye izinto. Umzekelo, uphawu ukukhomba kwinqwanqwa lengxondorha okanye ilitye ifana ngokwenene ezi zinto.

Symbols zeemephu emzimbeni ngokwezelizwe kunye nokubekwa kwawo

Kuzo zonke iisimboli nemephu angohlulwa ngokwamaqela ezine ezinkulu:

1. Scale.
2. Scaleless.
3. Linear.
4. Lencazelo.

Isikali (okanye nentaba polygonal) imiqondiso zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa izinto ezongeziweyo, uhlobo kunye nemilo enokuthi ungaboniswa phezu isikali kweplani okanye imaphu ethile. Ezi ziquka amasimi izihlonipho, amahlathi, emadlelweni, ezindaweni zasezidolophini, njalo njalo. N. Imida webhsayithi kungaboniswa kwimigca eqinileyo okanye namthanyana-uphosa.

Ukuba into enyanisweni encinane kakhulu ngobukhulu, ukuze ingavezwa isikali kwimaphu, ngoko ke ukuba sisebenzise iisimboli isikali. Bamele eyahlukileyo imithi, amatye, kunye nephiko, smokestacks, iicawa, yoonongendi kunye t. D.

iisimboli yomgama zeemephu ezisetyenziselwa isicelo emikhulu, iziporo, imida zolawulo, iintambo zombane kunye nezinye izinto ezifanayo. Iimpawu achazayo zinika abalinganiswa olongezelelweyo into ethile. Inokuba zombini zokuhlala utyikityo, amachibi, kwizikhululo zikaloliwe, kunye nezinye eziqalelo zomzobo (umz Utolo ezibonisa indlela ukugeleza komfula).

Njengoko iimephu eboniswe zokuhlala kunye neendlela?

Kwiimephu-isikali kunye nezicwangciso zokuhlala ndawo baboniswa njengoko kuchaziwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngelo xesha ukugcina ukumila kwawo jikelele kunye nohlobo kwesicwangciso, wabalaselisa engundoqo izitalato, iindlela, izikwere, kwakunye ezinye izakhiwo ezikhulu. Lweesignitsha imizi, njengoko umthetho, olwenziwa ngoonobumba abakhulu, ukuba kwiidolophana needolophu - kunobumba omncinane. Ubungakanani befonti ixhomekeke kwinani abemi bendawo ethile.

network Road - into ebalulekileyo nayiphi imaphu eneenkcukacha. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukubonisa kakhulu epheleleyo eneenkcukacha. Zomzila ezikwiimephu ngesimo ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa kwakhona ngokupheleleyo zonke (imigca zamafu emnyama), ebonisa isixa-mali ka glycols ngodwi ezimfutshane. Kwaye ukubonisa ngasesitishini (rectangles), iibrorho, amatonela nokujikeleza, yaye ngamanye amaxesha - umnquba zokuhamba semaphores.

Kwiimephu ukumela kunye neendlela wezithuthi zendlela: kuhola wendlela, emendweni, aphantsi komhlaba engingqi, ehlathini kunye neendlela entsimini. Ngaphezu koko kwiindlela eligangathiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo zipeyintwe-orenji.

Njengoko iimephu eboniswe imizimba yamanzi?

Imilambo, amachibi, amachibi, imijelo, imilambo nemithombo - konke oku ukuba isicelo kwiimephu ngesimo. Kule isikali ixhomekeke iinkcukacha amanzi ukubonisa into ummandla elinikiweyo.

Lakes, imisele, amachibi, iindawo zokugcina kwiimephu bamele imigca emsi, kwaye izinto ebala limsi. Xa imilambo isicelo abonisa ububanzi labo kunye nobunzulu ngeemitha (usebenzisa i iqhekeza), kwaye ahamba (esebenzisa iintolo).

Wells, imithombo kunye namaqula nokususa kukubhiyoza neesimboli scale okhethekileyo. Imigxobhozo bamele imivumbo ezimfutshane tyaba ngemisonto emsi.

Njengoko imaphu ibonisa mmandla kunye nezityalo?

Uncedo ezikwiimephu ngesimo ubonisa ebizwa ngokuba yi-imigca nentaba. Ezi imigca ezikhethekileyo odibanisa ngokwamanqaku indawo efanayo. Ngoncedo lwabo, ungafumana imbono malunga nemo kumphezulu womhlaba, eli steepness kwamathambeka, ubukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo isiqabu emhlabeni. Tye badla ebonisa esimdaka okanye hina.

Enyanisweni nayiphi na imaphu eneenkcukacha ungabona i "endaweni" kunye "bhanti" green. Oku - amahlathi. Ngokutsho iisimboli isikali i linokuchazwa kwakhona, nto leyo ihlathi - coniferous, avuthulukayo ixubene. Ngamanye amaxesha, apho ungafumana ulwazi malunga ukuphakama, ububanzi komboko ehlathini, kwakunye umgama ongumyinge phakathi kwemithi.

izinto ezithile graphic kwiimephu ngesimo bamele imithana, nemiqolomba, imiyezo, ehlathini, iingcongolo kunye m. P.