Iimfama zijikeleze izakhiwo

Esinye sezigaba zokugqibela zokwakhiwa kwesiphi isakhiwo sisixhobo sendawo eyimfama. Oku akuyona nje indlela yokukhusela isakhiwo emanzini emvula, kodwa isiseko esivela kwi-subsidence, kodwa kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuphuculeni kwintsimi esondeleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isixhobo esiyimfama siyaqala emva kokugqiba i-facade okanye emva kokugqiba i-plinth.

Ukuze isigaba sichaze injongo yaso ephambili, kufuneka senziwe ngamanqaku angenawo amanzi ngokuhambelana nemithetho ethile. Ukulungisa isicandelo sawo kunciphisa umthwalo wokungena kwamanzi kwinqanaba elingaphantsi komhlaba kwaye, ngoko ke, landisa ixesha lobomi bentsebenzo, ngoko akufanelekile ukulikhupha ixesha elide.

Nayiphi na indawo engaboniyo idinga ukulungiswa kwangaphambili komhlaba. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yizinto ezifunekayo ukuba zifihlile, umhlaba kufuneka uhlambulule umgca wezityalo kunye nokucwangciswa ngokucophelela. Oku kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kwindlu eyakhiwe kumhlaba okhulayo.

Isixhobo sendawo eyimpumputhe yendlu ifaka isixhobo somgcini-phantsi kunye nesigubungelo. Umqolo osisiseko (ukuba ungasebenzisa isanti, udongwe, ukuhlalisa, itye elincinci elincinciweyo) kuyimfuneko ukudala isiseko esisigxina, esilungeleleneyo sokubeka iingubo ezilandelayo. Uluhlu lwesigxina esisezantsi lukhethiweyo kuye ngohlobo lwezinto eziphezulu. Ubuninzi bomgca udla ngo-20 cm. Ukubambisa, ikhonkrithi, i-cobblestone encinci, i-asphalt, i-slabs isetyenziswe.

Lungisa idilesi eyimfama ejikeleze indlu

Ngomsele ojikeleze indlu, isanti iyancitywa kwaye ixiliswe ngokucophelela okanye ithululelwe ngamanzi ukutywina. Ngaphezulu kwesihlabathi, ithulule iitrikhi, iitrafini okanye izitena ezaphukileyo. Lo mtolo unyanzelekile ukuhlanjululwa komswakama, onokungena kwi-capillaries yecala elingaphezulu kwaye, ngokukhenkcela, ukutshabalalisa imfama. Nceda uqaphele ukuba i-debris yokwakha yomlambo ayinakusetyenziswa. Ngendawo ephakamileyo yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba phakathi kohlulo lwamacandelo eekitywa kunye nesihlabathi, kuyimfuneko ukubeka i-geotextiles, eya kukukhusela ngokungafihli.

Isigaba esilandelayo sisisetyenzisiweyo sohlobo olukhethiweyo lweengubo. Ubunzulu bomsele kufuneka kubalwe kusengaphambili, ukuze uluhlu oluphezulu lungabi lincinci. Ifom ekhutshweyo ifakwe kwi-edge yangaphandle yomsele. Endaweni yomsebenzi, ungafaka ilitye lokuloba. Ukuba ukucwangciswa kwekhonkrithi kucetywayo, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko yokwenza i- deformation-temperatures seams, eziza kukhusela ikhava yesikhonkco ekubhujisweni kwebusika. Iinguqulelo zee-sams ziyi-slats, zibekwe kwicala ngaphesheya kwimpumputhe ngesinyathelo esingaphezu kwe-3 m. Reiki waphathwa nge-bitumen. Ummandla wabo ophezulu kufuneka ube kwindawo ephezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wekhonkrithi, ngokuqwalasela i-slope yayo. Emva koko ikhonkrithi isetyenziswe, i-slats yile ndlela iibhekoni apho idibene khona. Indawo epholileyo eyimpumputhe ifafazwe ngesamente, kwaye ihlanjululwe ngetrayile kwaye igutywe ngendwangu emanzi. Ngeveki, ikhonkrit igcinwa kweli lizwe, ngokukhawuleza ukutyilisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umlenze uhlale unomthi. Kwiveki kamva isixhobo sendawo eyimfama siyagqitywa.

Xa kwakhiwa indawo engaboniyo, le mithetho ilandelayo kufuneka ilandelwe:

1. Amanzi athatyathwe endlwini, imimandla eyimfama iyabekwa ngentlambo evela kwisakhiwo. I-Slope kufuneka ibe ubuncinane kwi-2%. Kwaye nangona kungabonakaliyo, oko kuyaqinisekisa ukuba ukususwa kwamanzi kwisiseko.

2. Phakathi kweempumputhe kunye nodonga, kusekho ilahleko ukukhusela izindonga ekungcoleni ngexesha lokwahlula. Umzi wokuhlawulela uzaliswe nge-polystyrene, isanti, i- polyurethane sealant. Ngamanye amaxesha udidi lwezinto ezimbini zokuphahla ziwanele.

3. Kwi-perimeter yendawo engaboniyo, ukumba iiprooves for drainage okanye ukubeka iigumbi ezizodwa, ezikhangeleka kakhulu.

4. Ububanzi beempumputhe kuthathwa ngokuba ngu-20 cm ububanzi ngaphezu kobuncwane bephahla phezu komhlaba, kodwa kungabi ngaphantsi kwama-60 cm.

Ukuba idivaysi yendawo eyimfama iyaphulaphula le mithetho, ngoko, ngelishwa, kungekudala imiphumo iya kuba yimiba: ukuchithwa, iimbophu, ukutshatyalaliswa kwemimandla nganye, eya kuba nefuthe elibi kwiimeko zokusebenza zesakhiwo. Ukubaluleka komsebenzi owenziwa yindawo engaboniyo kubonisa isimo sengqondo esichazelayo malunga nokuyila kwayo.