Ngokukhawuleza kwiLizwi: Yintoni enokuyenza?

Ukukhawuleza emthonjeni kudla ngokukhawuleza, ngoko umsebenzi wokulwa nawo kufuneka uqhutywe ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba wenza isilingo sangaphambili sokufunda iimpawu zomhlaba kwindawo yakho, izinto ezinjengeenkxalabo ezingafanelekiyo akufanele ziphakame, kodwa xa ukumba kuqhutyelwa kwinqanaba lokuqala, kwaye umsebenzi wezemihlaba ungenziwanga, umntu kufuneka acinge indlela yokuphuma kule meko kwindawo. Kukho nawuphi na, kuyimfuneko ukuqhelana nolwazi malunga nendlela umthombo wamanzi uhlelwe ngayo kwiindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye kwaye zeziphi izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo zophuhliso lweziganeko. Kubalulekile ukwazi nangendlela indlela yokucocwa ngayo kakuhle i-quicksand, ukuba ii-horizons ezisezantsi zaqala ukusila.

Kancinci malunga neenkuni ezikhulayo

Umqondiso wokubonakala kwezinto ezikhawulezayo ngexesha lokuphuhliswa komthombo kukufika kwamanzi obomvu amanzi, avela kwisampuli yomhlaba. I-Quicksils inokuhluke kakhulu kumthamo kunye nokugcwalisa ngamanzi. Zingaba neenkalo ezihlukeneyo zamatye asebenzayo, kunye neendwangu zentlabathi eziye zazinziswa. Abahlali bephumla, banokuhamba okanye bangene phantsi kwengcinezelo. Ukukhawuleza okunjalo kwimijelo yomthombo kungabangela iingxaki ezininzi, nto leyo eyona nto iyinyaniso yokuphuhliswa kwencwadi yomhlaba.

Ngamanye amaxesha isithintelo esinjalo senza umsebenzi ongenakwenzeka. Kukho kwakhona ukukhawuleza okuncinci obunzulu obungaphezulu kwe-3 m. Ukuba umhlaba awuhlanjululwe kakhulu, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba udlulise umgama onjalo ngaphandle kweengxaki, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhekhiti kunye nekhadi. Ukuba awukwazi uhlobo kunye nobunzulu bokukhawuleza, unokufumana kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokubonakalisa kwezi zinto zilandelayo. Emva kokunyuka kumhlaba kwi-12 m, kuyafumaneka ukuba i-shaft izaliswe ngokukhawuleza ngamanzi. Ukubamba phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo kuya kuba nzima kwaye kuyingozi, kwaye nangona kwenziwe imizamo esele isetyenzisiwe, umsebenzi kufuneka umiswe.

Sidlula ngokukhawuleza emthonjeni ngokucophelela ngokunokwenzeka, kuba ukucinywa komhlaba ukususela ekudandathekeni apho i-quicksand ihambe khona kunzima kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha ukugqithisa amancenti ambalwa kukho isidingo sokuthabatha inqwaba yeebhakethi zamanzi ezingcolileyo, eziza kwakhona.

Indlela yokuphepha iingxaki

Ukuze kungabikho iziphumo ezibuhlungu, xa umsebenzi sele usuyenzile awunalutho, kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba izifundo ze-geological ezokuvumela ukuba siqonde ukuba yintoni uhlobo lomhlaba kwisayithi. Indlela elula kukuba ukuba kukho ummandla kummandla osondelene nawo. Abanikazi bakhe kufuneka babuze malunga neengxaki zokuxhatshazwa kunye nobunzulu bokukhawuleza. Ukuba abanini bahlala behlambulula kakuhle, kwaye amanzi ahlala ephazamisekile, ngoko unokuqiniseka ukuba i-quicksand isondele.

Iimpawu zokukhawuleza

Ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo malunga nendlela yokudlula ngokukhawuleza emthonjeni, kubalulekile ukuba uqhelanise ngakumbi nale meko. I-Quicksand isingqimba somhlaba esichazwe yimpawu ezithile, isiseko sayo isihlabathi esilungileyo kunye nokufakelwa kwemibandela yomhlaba kunye nokufakelwa kwe-silt. Zonke izinto zibonakaliswa ngophakamileyo ophezulu wamanzi, phakathi kweengqungqelo zesanti kunye nobumba, ukuxhuma kunciphisa. Ubunzima obuhambayo buphantsi koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwintlambo yomhlaba. Xa le pocket iphukile, i-quicksand iqalisa ukungena emgodini ovuliwe kwaye igcwalise indawo ekhoyo kuyo.

Ukubhekisela

Ukukhawuleza emthonjeni akuzange kufundwe ekupheleni kwendalo, ngoko ke akunakwenzeka njalo ukuqikelela ukubonakala kwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo loo miqolo inokudibana kunye ne-aquifers, oku kuhambelana neengxaki ezithile ekuphunyezweni kwezinto zokucandwa. Ingxaki ebalulekileyo ekuhambeni nomhlaba onjalo kungabikho kokulawula ukuziphatha kwayo. Oku kubangelwe kukuba inkohlakalo eboshiweyo iya kuzalisa ngokugqithiseleyo ukucima, kwaye emva kweeveki ezimbalwa kuya kufuneka ukuba ucinge ngendlela yokulahla ngokukhawuleza nasemthonjeni.

Uluhlu lweengxaki

Iingcali azicebisi ukuba zixhobise imithombo yamanzi kwihlabathi elintantayo, njengoko kungeyona nto ingcono ukuyibiza. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuthungwa komhlaba kuya kuba nzima, kuya kufuneka uqhube ngokukhawuleza, uzama ukuphumelela ngamanenti angama-inamitha angama-alitha angena ehlabathini. Emva kwakho konke, kuphela ukuze unyuke isandi sokuvala ukukhonkco. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kunye neendonga ezikhuselekileyo zepileni, ukucinywa kuya kuqhubeka, oku kuya kubakho kwiindleko ezongezelelweyo zokucoca ngezihlandlo ze-aquifer.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusebenza kunye nokukhawuleza kufuneka kuhambisane nokugcina imithetho yokukhusela. Ukuba awuzange unqande izilumkiso, ngoko kufuneka uzifundele iteknoloji yendlela yokudlula ngokukhawuleza emthonjeni wamanzi. Ukufezekisa umsebenzi ofunekayo ukwenza iholide, oludonga lwamaplanga okanye amabhodi. Le nto ifanele ibe namandla kangangoko, kuba ngoko iya kukwazi ukusebenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kwaye umhlaba onomdaka ophantsi kweelwimi kufuneka ufakwe kwisihlangu sesinyithi, esinemida. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufikelele kwinxalenye ye-quay, kunye ne-perimeter yomthombo, kufuneka ufake ifowuni ezine uze uzinzulu nge-40 cm. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kuyimfuneko ukunyundela isilwanyana kufuphi neendonga usebenzisa umgca wendlela.

Iingcebiso zomsebenzi

Ukuba i-quicksand emthonjeni ibonakala, kufuneka ukhethe umhlabathi ngaphakathi kwebhokisi, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo akuvumelekanga ukuba uveze umda osezantsi weelwimi. Ngaphandle koko, ukusuka phantsi kwalo kuqala ukugeleza umncc Ezi zikhankanywe ngasentla zifuneka ziphindwe zize zize zifikeleleke zize zifikelele ekugqibeleni kwamanzi. Le ndlela ithathwa njengento enzima kakhulu, kodwa kulo mzekelo izakhiwo ziyakhiwa ngokuzimeleyo ngaphandle koncedo lweengcali ezisebenzisa izixhobo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezindleko.

Isisombululo esisodwa

Ukuba uqaphela ukukhawuleza emthonjeni, oko kufuneka ukwenze, kubalulekile ukugqiba. Isiphakamiso esilandelayo asinakubizwa ngokuba sikulungele, kodwa enye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa namhlanje. Umgangatho womthombo kufuneka uphakanyiswe, kwaye kwinqanaba eliphambili lokuxhobisa umthombo, omele ufikelele ekungeneni kwamanzi. Kumele kuqiniswe ngamabhobho enkcazo, okuya kubambelela ngokukhawuleza. Kwimisebenzi kuya kuba yimfuneko ukusebenzisa isiqulatho esiphezulu semithombo, esifakwe kwicandelo elincinane, kunye ne-perimeter kubalulekile ukwenza i-backfill, kunye nodongwe olongezelelweyo. Ukuba kwakukho isanti ehamba ngokukhawuleza emthonjeni, ngoko kwinqanaba elilandelayo iindonga zalo mva zimele ziqiniswe ngezitena, njengenye indlela yokuhambisa ikhonkrithi kwifom. Kule meko, ikhefu liya kwenza umsebenzi owongezelelweyo we-caisson, apho kunokwenzeka khona ukucwangcisa izixhobo zokuphakamisa amanzi.

Iindleko zale teknoloji ziphezulu kunokuba unokwakha ngokuqhelekileyo, ngaphezu koko, ubunzima bezabasebenzi ngamanye amaxesha bubangelela abaphathi bezemfihlo. Nangona kunjalo, ekugqibeleni uya kukwazi ukufumana umthombo wamanzi ofanelekileyo, oya kunika amanzi ngokulinganayo.

Ukulwa nokukhawuleza emthonjeni

Ukuba kwakukho ukukhawuleza emthonjeni, yintoni ongayenza, kufuneka wenze isigqibo. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ukuba iingxaki ezinjalo zivela kunye nomthombo wamanzi sele usetyenziswe ixesha elide. Ngexesha elifanayo, unokunciphisa kuphela imiphumo emibi, kuba ukuphelisa umgca wentlabathi otyilisiweyo kuza kuba nzima. Indlela efikeleleke kakhulu yokulwa ne-quicksilver ibamba kunye ne-flooring, ekugqibeleni kwayo eyenziwe kwiigenjethi ze-aspen. Ekuqaleni, ikhuselo kufuneka ihlanganiswe ukusuka kwiingodo zomntu, ububanzi bayo buyi-20 cm okanye ngaphezulu. Ungasebenzisa iibhodi ezininzi kule nto. Ubungakanani bekhuselo kufuneka kube njalo kangangokuba iingcambu zalo zikhupha ukusuka kwesikhumba sangaphakathi kwicala ngalinye ngo-10 cm. Ukuba umgca ophethe amanzi uphelele ngokwaneleyo, iigravel kunye neentlanzi mazibekwe phezu kwekhuselo, ubunzima obufanele bube bu-1 m okanye ngaphantsi. Ukuba usebenzisa izixhobo ezinjalo, ziya kukwazi ukukhusela phantsi kwetanki kwidongwe kunye nesihlabathi, kwaye kwindawo yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kuya kuba ne-liquid ecocekileyo kuphela.

Iingcebiso malunga nokusebenza kwamanzi kunye ne-quicksand

Ukuba kukho ukukhawuleza emthonjeni, kufuneka uhambelane nemithetho ethile yokusebenza kwezinto ezinjalo. Ngexesha elinye akukhuthazwa ukuba ukhethe amanzi kumthamo omkhulu. Oku kunokwandisa ukuthungwa ngenxa yokungabikho okungafaniyo kunye nokukhenkcezwa komda wodonga. Ukucocwa rhoqo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza xa uqaphela ukuba ukufihla kwenzeka. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, icebo elingaphantsi lomthombo kufuneka lihlaziywe rhoqo ngonyaka.

Isiphelo

Ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi ekuphuhliseni umthombo, ukucima ukuhlola kufuneka kwenziwe, unokuzenza ngokwakho. Oko ungayisebenzisa ukuzenzelela okanye ukufakelwa kwe-mini. Ubunzulu bube ngu- 20 m, kwaye ngohlobo lomhlaba ukuba lususwe ungayiqonda xa isixhobo singena kwi-quicksand.